GLOBAL TERRORISM
What is terrorism?
Terrorism is paggamit ng violence or threat para takutin ang mga tao o gobyerno.
Ginagawa ito para i-push ang political, religious, ideological, or social objectives.
Is terrorism a global problem?
[Link] worldwide ang impact niya. Every year, libo-libong tao ang namamatay because of
terrorist attacks. From 8,000 deaths (2010) umakyat pa ito to 44,000 (2014).
Note: Ibig sabihin, kahit saan, pwedeng magkaroon ng terrorism dahil global ang causes
nito—like poverty, injustice, and radical ideology.
Is terrorism a contemporary issue?
Yes again. Modern-day issue siya dahil hanggang ngayon, threats pa rin siya to international
peace and security.
This includes:
1. Poverty
2. Insecurity
3. Displacement
4. Social imbalance
5. Transnational crimes
What is contemporary terrorism?
Contemporary terrorism means modern forms of terrorism, mostly done by non-state
actors (hindi government).
Target nila usually civilians, and they use:
1. Bombings
2. Kidnappings
3. Assassinations
Goal nila: Spread fear and gain political leverage.
How is globalization related to terrorism?
Globalization makes it easier for terrorist groups to:
1. Communicate
2. Recruit
3. Fund their operations
4. Move across borders
Note: So habang nagiging connected ang mundo, mas nagkakaroon din ng opportunities for
terrorist activities.
Characteristics of Terrorism
1. Use of violence or threat
2. Non-state actors (pero minsan undercover government agents din)
3. Political or ideological motives
4. Target is civilians para mag-spread ng fear
Causes of Terrorism
Many factors can lead to terrorism, including:
1. Poverty
2. Inequality
3. Social exclusion
4. Dispossession
5. Political grievances
6. Insecurity
7. Ideological extremism
In short: Kung may injustice + poverty + lack of opportunities → fertile ground for terrorism.
Types of Terrorism
1. International Terrorism – may involvement ng multiple countries
2. Domestic Terrorism – within one country
3. Transnational Terrorism – may crossing of borders pero hindi directly controlled by
a state
Other forms:
1. Hijackings
2. Bombings
3. Hostage-taking
4. Assassinations
5. Armed assaults
EFFECTS OF TERRORISM
On society:
1. Fear and anxiety
2. Trauma
3. Loss of livelihood
4. Displacement
5. Social disorder
On economy:
1. Loss of tourism
2. Decrease in investments
3. Higher government spending on security
4. Market instability
5. Unemployment
On political environment:
1. Instability
2. Stricter laws
3. Weakened human rights (sometimes)
Why is terrorism hard to define?
Kasi magka-iba ang motives, methods, targets ng bawat terrorist group. What one
country calls “terrorism,” another may call “freedom fighting.” So mahirap gumawa ng
universal definition.
How terrorism is funded?
Terror groups raise money through:
1. Donations
2. Criminal activities (drugs, weapons smuggling)
3. Legitimate businesses
4. State sponsors
5. Black markets
Punishment for terrorism / crimes against humanity
1. Imprisonment (up to 30 years)
2. Death penalty (in some countries)
3. Long-term detention for supporting terrorist groups
Terrorism in the Philippines
According to the Human Security Act (2007): Acts that create widespread and
extraordinary fear and panic among the populace.
Example: Abu Sayyaf, first formally listed terrorist group (2015).