python string formatting Cheat Sheet

by mutanclan (mutanclan) via [Link]/79625/cs/19406/

Field defini​tions conversion

replacement_field "{" [field_name] ["!" conversion] [":" format_spec] "}" !s calls str()

field_name arg_name ("." attribute_name | "[" element_index "]")* !r calls repr()

arg_name [iden​tifier | digit+] !a calls asci​i()

attribute_name ident​ifier The conve​rsion field forces a type

conversion before format​ting, so not by the
element_index digit+ | index_​string
__fo​rma​t__() method of the value itself.
index_​string <any source character except "]"> +

conversion "r" | "​s" | "​a" String presen​tation types

format​_spec Format Specification Mini-Language s String format. This is the default for
strings
field_name
None The same as s
The repla​cem​ent​_field can start with a field_
​ name to specify the object whose value is to be
formatted and inserted. Integer presen​tation types
The field​_name begins with an arg_n​ame. The arg_name can be followed by any number of
b Binary format. Outputs the number
index or attribute expres​sions.
in base 2
c Character. Converts the integer to
arg_name
unicode
An arg_name is either a number or a keyword. If it's a number it refers to a positional argument.
d Decimal integer. Outputs number in
If it's a keyword, it refers to a named keyword argument. If the numerical arg_n​ames in a format
base 10
string are 0,1,2 in sequence, the can be omitted (They are automa​tically inserted).
o Octal format. Outputs number in

attrib​ute​_name base 8
x Hex format. Outputs number in
An expression of the form '.name' selects the named attribute using getattr()
base 16 using lowercase letters

elemen​t_index X Hex format. Outputs number in

base 16 using uppercase letters
An expression of the form '[index]' does an index lookup using __getitem__().
n Number. Same as d but uses
For example:
current locale setting for the
List index: [0]
separator
Dictio​nary: [name]
None Same as d

Format Specif​ication Mini-L​anguage

format_spec [[fill]align][sign]
[#][0][width]
[grouping_option]
[.precision][type]

fill <any charac​ter​>

align "<" | "​>" | "​=" | "​^"

sign "+" | "​-" | " "

width digit+

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 python string formatting Cheat Sheet
by mutanclan (mutanclan) via [Link]/79625/cs/19406/

Format Specif​ication Mini-L​anguage (cont) width and precision

grouping_option "_" | "​," width is a decimal integer defining the minimum field width. A leading

precision digit+ 0 enables sign-aware zero-p​adding for numeric types.

preci​sion is a decimal number indicating how many digits should be
type "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "E" | "f" |
displayed after the decimal point. For non-number types it indicates
"F" | "g" | "G" | "n" | "o" | "s" |
the maximum field-​size. Not allowed for integer values
"x" | "X" | "%"

Floating point and decimal presen​tation types

fill, sign and align
e Exponent notation using the letter e to indicate the exponent.
< Force left-a​lig​nment within available space
Default preci​sion is 6
> Force rigth-​ali​gnment within available space
E Exponent notation. Same as e but with uppercase E
= Only valid for numeric types. Forces the padding to be
f Fixed-​point notation. Default preci​sion is 6
placed after the sign but before the digits
F Fixed-​point notation. Same as f but converts nan to NAN
^ Forces the field to be centered within available space
and inf to INF
+ Use a sign for both positiv and negative numbers
g General format. If preci​sion is p>=1 this rounds the number
- Use sign only for negative numbers to p signif​icant digits. Output format is either fixed-​point or in
space Use a leading space for positiv numbers and a minus sign scientific notation, depending on the magnitude
for negative numbers G General format. Same as g but switches to E if the number
# Causes the alternate form to be used for the conver​sion. gets too large.
binary: 0b, octal: 0o and hex: 0x. For floats, complex and n Number. Same as g but use current locale for the number
Decimal types that causes to contain a trailing decima​l- separator character
point even if no digits follow it
% Percen​tage. Multiplies number by 100 and displays it in f
, Use , for thousands separator
format followed by a percentage sign
_ Use _ for thousands separator None Same as g but fixed-​point notation has at least one digit past
If an align value is specified it can be preceded by a fill character, the decimal point
that can be any character (default is space)

The sign option is only valid on numeric types

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