MATHS

-VIHAAN GOYAL
 Addition
1. Left  Right Method

Let us use a different, easier and quicker method for doing additions.

EXAMPLE- Let us try to add 452 and 227 with Left  Right Method.

i) Add 400 and 200.

ii) Then add 50 and 20
iii) Lastly, add 2 and 7

After doing this we get to see that 400 + 200 = 600, 50 + 20 = 70 and
2 + 7 = 9. After adding all the numbers, we get the answer as 600 + 70
+ 9 = 679.

452
+ 227
600
+ 70
9
679

It is just like making expanded form of a number into standard form. If

you practice this method, it would really help you in adding big
numbers.

MULTIPLICATION
 1. Japanese Method

For doing multiplication with this method, we just need to draw lines!

EXAMPLE- Let us try to find the product of 22×12.

i) First, draw 2 lines in diagonally right side as shown.

ii) Then, draw 2 lines in diagonally right side below the step 1.

iii) After this, draw one line in diagonally left side as shown.

iv) After that, draw 2 lines in diagonally left side below the step 3.

v) Count the number of intersecting line’s points from the diagonally

right below. It will be your last digit. If the answer is 2 digits, write
the last digit and carry out other.

vi) Count the number of intersecting line’s points on the diagonally

right upper side and the diagonally left below side altogether. If
carry, then add that too. If carry in this step, write the last digit
and carry the other.

vii) Lastly, count the intersecting line’s points in the diagonally left
upper side. Carried number from step 6 should be added. Write
the whole number of this step.
 2 6 4

After doing these steps, we would get our answer as 264.

Verification:
22
× 12
44
+22X
264
2. Criss-Cross Method

It is a method for multiplying 2-digit numbers and 3-digit numbers

really faster than the traditional method. With this method, you can
perform 2-digit and 3-digit multiplications mentally.

 2 DIGIT MULTIPLICATION

Firstly, remember this pattern.

and
Third Step First Step

Second Step
EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 46 and 72.

(i) Firstly, multiply 6 and 2. It will be equal to 12. It is our last

digit of our answer. But, as there are 2 digits, we would write
only 2 and give the 1 as carry.

(ii) After that, we would cross multiply by multiplying 4 with 2,

and 6 with 7 and add them. 4 × 2 = 8 and 6 × 7 = 42. After
adding them, it would become 42 + 8 = 50. Also, we would
add the carry which was taken in step (i). Then, it would
become 50 + 1 = 51. But we would only write 1 and give 5 as
carry.

(iii) Now, we would multiply 4 and 7 and add carry. It would be 4

×7 = 28 and 28 + 5 = 33. Now, we would write the whole
number 33. Then, the answer would be 3,312.

Verification:
46
×72
92
322X
 3312

3-Digit Multiplication

For doing the 3-digit multiplication, remember the pattern.

EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 624 and 241.

(i) Firstly, multiply 4 and 1. It would give you 4. It is 624

the last digit of our answer.
× 241
(ii) Secondly, cross multiply the last two-digits of the
number (i.e. 4 × 4 = 16 and 2 × 1 = 2). After adding
 the product, we would get 16 + 2 = 18. We would take only 8
and would give 1 as a carry fir the step (iii).

(iii) Now, we have to multiply the first digit of first number to the
last digit of second number (i.e. 6 × 1 = 6 and 4 × 2 = 8). After
that, simply multiply the middle digits (i.e. 2 × 4 = 8). After
adding both of them, we would get 6 + 8 + 8 = 22. Also, we
would add the carry 1 of step (ii). Then it would become 22 + 1
= 23. But we would write only 3 and would give 2 as a carry to
step (iv).

(iv) Now, we have to cross multiply the first two digits of the
numbers and add them (i.e. 6 × 4 = 24 and 2 × 2 = 4. Adding
them would give 24 + 4 = 28). In the answer, we would also
add they carry 2. Then it will be 28 + 2 = 30. But we would
write only 0 and will give 3 as a carry.

(v) In the last step, we would multiply 6 and 2. It will give 12 and
we will also add 3 which was taken a carry from step (iv). Then
it would become 12 + 3 = 15. It is the last number of our
answer.

After doing all the steps, we would get our answer as 1,50,384.

3. Multiplication With 11

With this trick, you can multiply number with 11 in seconds! For doing
this, follow the given trick.
 2-Digit Multiplication

EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 37 and 11.

3 __ 7
(i) Firstly, write 3 on the left and 7 on the right. Leave some space
in middle.

(ii) In the middle, write the sum of the digits (i.e. 3 + 7 = 10). As
the sum is a 2-Digit Number, we would write only the first digit
and give the number at the tens place as a carry to 3.

(iii) After that, the answer would be- 407.

NOTE- IF THE SUM COMES IN ONE-DIGIT NUMBER, SIMPLY WRITE

THAT NUMBER TO GET YOUR PRODUCT.

3 or more Digits Multiplication

For multiplying the numbers that are having more than 2 digits,
follow the given steps.

EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 4420 and 11.

(i) Firstly, write 4 in the start and 0 in the end.

(ii) After that, add 0 and 2. It will be giving 2, which will be our
second-last digit of our answer.

(iii) After that, add 2 and 4. It will be giving 6, which will be our
third-last digit of our answer.

(iv) After that, add 4 and 4. It will be giving 8, which will be our
second digit of our answer.
 (v) After doing these steps, your answer would be 48620.

The same steps would be applied for doing the multiplication with 11
with bigger numbers.

If there is a 2-digit answer, write the digit in one’s place and give the
digit in the tens place as the carry to the other step.

4. Multiply Same Numbers with Unit Digits’ Sum is 10

Here is an amazing trick to multiply numbers that have the unit digits
adding to 10 and the other digits are the same in both the numbers.
Here’s how!

EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 127 and 123.

(i) Firstly, multiply the unit digits, 7 and 3. It would give you 7 × 3
= 21.

(ii) Now, multiply 12 with its successor. It would be 12 × 13 = 156.

(iii) After doing these steps you would get the answer, 15621.

5. Multiplication with Series of 9

This is an amazing trick to multiply numbers with 9.

EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 455 with 999.

(i) Firstly, subtract the predecessor of 455 (i.e. 454) from 999. It
would give you 999 – 454 = 545.
(ii) After that, write the number 454 on the left of the difference.

(iii) After doing these steps, the answer would be 454545.

But what if the number of 9’s in not equal to the number of

numbers in the other number??? Follow the trick for the same.

EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 455 with 99999

(i) Firstly, get the answer if it were 455 × 999. Then it would be
454545.
(ii) Now, as you can see that there are 2 9’s extra. So, we will add
2 9’s between 454 and 545. It would be 45499545.

6. Multiplication with numbers near to 100

This trick can have 3 different situations. Let us discuss all of them with
example.

 NUMBERS BELOW 100

EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 95 and 98.

(i) Firstly, multiply the difference of both the numbers with 100
( i.e. 100 – 95 = 5, 100 – 98 = 2. After multiplying them, it
would be –– 2 × 5 = 10 ). The answer 10 is the last 2 digits of
our answer.
(ii) After that, subtract the sum of the difference of both the
numbers from 100. Then it would be 100 – ( 2 + 5 ) = 100 – 7
= 93. It is the first 2 digit of our answer.

After doing these steps, our answer would be 9310.

 NUMBERS ABOVE 100

EXAMPLE- Let us multiply 102 and 113

(i) Firstly, multiply the sum of both numbers than 100. It would
be 102 – 100 = 2, and 113 – 100 = 13. After multiplying them,
we get our last 2 digits, 26.
(ii) After that, add the sum of the sum of both numbers than 100
to 100 (i.e. 13 + 2 = 15. 100 + 15 = 115). It will be your first 3
digits.

After doing these steps, you would get your answer as 11526.

 NUMBERS ABOVE and below 100

EXAMPLE- Let us try to multiply 92 and 105

 (i) Firstly, find the relation of both the numbers with 100. Like 92
is 8 less than 100 and 105 is 5 more than 100. So, we have -8
and +5.
(ii) Now either add 5 to 92 or subtract 8 from 105. You would get
97.

(iii) After that, multiply -8 and +5. It would give you -40. Now
predecease 1 from 97 and subtract 40 from 100.

After doing these steps, you would get 9660.

DIVISION
1. Division on Numbers With 5

For Dividing the numbers ending with 5, let us know a wonderful trick.
 425026312
EXAMPLE- EXAMPLE- Let us try to divide: 5

(i) The First Step is that multiply the number 425026312 by 2, or

simply double it. Then, the answer would be,
425026312 × 2 = 850052624.

(ii) After that, divide the number by 10, or in simple words, add a
decimal after the last digit (i.e. 85005262.4)

(iii) Then, the final answer would be 85005262.4

So, in simple words, we can say that to multiply numbers with 5, use the
formula where x is the number.
2x x
10
= 5

2. Division on Numbers With 25

For Dividing the numbers ending with 5, let us know a wonderful trick.

2048532
EXAMPLE- EXAMPLE- Let us try to divide: 25

(i) The First Step is that multiply the number 2048532 by 4. Then,
the answer would be, 2048532 × 4 = 8194128.
 (ii) After that, divide the number by 100, or in simple words, add a
decimal after the second-last digit (i.e. 81941.28)

(iii) Then, the final answer would be 81941.28

So, in simple words, we can say that to multiply numbers with 25, use
the formula where x is the number.
4x x
100
= 25

3. Division on Numbers With 125

For Dividing the numbers ending with 125, let us know a wonderful trick.

2048532
EXAMPLE- EXAMPLE- Let us try to divide: 125

(iv) The First Step is that multiply the number 1048237 by 8. Then,
the answer would be, 2048532 × 8 = 16388256.

(v) After that, divide the number by 1000, or in simple words, add
a decimal after the third-last digit (i.e. 16388.256)

(vi) Then, the final answer would be 16388.256.

So, in simple words, we can say that to multiply numbers with 125, use
the formula where x is the number.
8x x
1000
= 125

FRACTIONS & DECIMALS

1. Addition of Fractions

Here’s the trick to add fractions.

4 2
EXAMPLE- Let us try to add 5 + 7

(i) The first step is to cross multiply the numbers i.e. 4 × 7 = 28

and 5 × 2 = 10.
 (ii) Now add these numbers to get the numerator. It would be 28 +
10 = 38.

(iii) Now, multiply the denominators to get the denominators of the

same. It would be 5 × 7 = 35.

38 3
So, after doing these steps, your answer would be 35 = 1 35 .

2. Subtraction of Fractions
1 3
EXAMPLE- Let us try to subtract 3 from 4 .

(i) Firstly, cross multiply the numbers i.e. 3 × 3 = 9 and 4 × 1 =

4.

(ii) Now subtract these numbers to get the numerator. It would be

9 – 4 = 5.

(iii) After that, multiply the denominators to get the denominators

to get the new denominator. It would be 4 × 3 = 12.

5
After doing these steps, our answer would be 12 .

3. Multiplication of Fractions

To multiply fractions, use this trick.

5 7
EXAMPLE- Let us multiply 8 and 13 .

(i) Firstly, multiply the numerators to get the new numerator i.e.
5 × 7 = 35.
 (ii) After that, multiply the denominators to get the denominator.
That would be 8 × 13 = 104.

35
After doing these steps, we got our answer as 104 .

4. Division of Fractions
3 9
EXAMPLE- Let us try to divide 7 and 17 .

(i) Firstly, multiply 17 and 3. It would be 51, which is our

numerator.
(ii) After that, multiply 7 and 9. It would be 63, which is our
denominator.

51 17
So, our answer is 63 = 21 .
 SQUARE AND SQUARE ROOTS
SQUARES

1. To find the squares of 2-Digit Numbers

(a) Trick No. 1

This is an amazing trick to find the squares of numbers
below 100.

EXAMPLE- Find the square of 83.

(i) First step is to find the square of 3. It would be 9, which

is our last digit of our answer.
 (ii) After that, multiply the number 8 with 3 and the power
2 (i.e. 8 × 3 × 2 = 48). It would be the middle digit of
our answer. But remember we nee only the unit digit.
The number 4 would be carried to the next step.

(iii) Now, find the square of 8 OR (8)2, which is 64. Now add
4 in 64, as it was taken as a carry in the previous step.
It would be 68.

After doing these steps, you will get your answer as 6889.

(b) Trick No. 2

EXAMPLE- Let us take the same example of 83.

(i) Firstly, find the square of 3. It is 9. Write it in 2 numbers

(i.e. 09) and write it in the extreme right.
(ii) After that, find the square of 8 and write in the extreme
left.

(iii) In the middle, write the double of the product of the

numbers (i.e. 8 × 3 = 24 and double of 24 is 48).

(iv) After that, write 9 as it is. Add 0 to the number 48. It

would give you 48. Write 8 and give the number 4 as a
carry. Now add 4 to 64, which will give you 68. Write the
whole number.

So your answer would be 6889. (83)2

64 8 × 3 × 2 = 48 09
6 4 4 8 0 9
=68 89