D.
Developmental Principles
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● Development is Multidimensional.
OUTLINE ○ Occurs along multiple interacting dimensions
1. The Study of Human Development
– biological, cognitive, psychological, and
a. Human Development
b. Life-Span Development social
○ Each may develop at varying rates
● Development is Multidirectional.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ○ As people gain in one area, they may lose in
another, sometimes at the same time
○ Hence, it’s advisable for children to learn
DEFINING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
language as early as possible
● Relative Influences of Biology and Culture Shift
Human Development — scientific study of patterns
Over Lifespan.
of change and stability throughout the human
○ Influenced by both biology and culture
lifespan
○ Balance between the two change over time
● Development is complex and multifaceted
○ As we age, we learn to rely more on culture
● Research findings are often applied to child
● Development Involves Changing Resource
rearing, education, health, and social policy
Allocations.
○ Individuals choose to invest their resource of
Goals of Developmental Psychology time, energy, talent, money, and social
★ Describe behavior and how it changes support in varying ways
★ Explain processes / causes of change ○ For growth, maintenance or recovery, or for
★ Predict future behavior dealing with loss
★ Intervene to enhance / modify behavior
● Development Shows Plasticity.
○ Many abilities can be improved significantly
Key Terms in Development with training and practice, even late in life
● Growth: physical and physiological changes ● Development is Contextual.
(structure and form); quantitative ○ Each person develops within multiple
● Development: relatively predictable pattern of contexts – circumstances or conditions
changes (organization and function); qualitative defined in part b y maturation and in part by
● Maturation: unfolding of traits resulting from the time and place
interaction of heredity and environment; broad ○ Ex. historical influences, SES, family
term
REFERENCES
Risk, Protective, and Causal Factors Papalia, D., & Martorell, G. (2015). Experience human
● Risk Factor: increase likelihood of negative development (13th ed.). McGraw Hill Education.
developmental outcomes Santrock, J. W. (2019). Life-span development (17th ed.).
● Protective Factor: reduce likelihood of negative McGraw-Hill Education.
developmental outcomes
● Causal Factor: leads to the negative
developmental outcome
DEFINING LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT
Life-Span Development — concept of human
development as a lifelong process, which can be
studied scientifically
● From “womb to tomb”
● Can either be positive or negative
7 PRINCIPLES OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT
● Development is Lifelong.
○ Development starts from conception to death
○ Each period has its own unique
characteristics
○ No period is more important than the other
1 | Compiled by @studywithky