Question A normal shock occurs in a duct with upstream Mach number M 1 .
Identify
the correct relation to calculate M 2 .
Type multiple_choice
Option incorrect
√
γ +1 2
1− M1
2
M 2=
γ −1
γ M 21+
2
Option incorrect
√
γ +1 2
1+ M1
2
M 2=
γ −1
γ M 21−
2
Option correct
√
γ−1 2
1+ M1
2
M 2=
γ −1
γ M 21−
2
Option correct
√
γ −1 2
1+ M1
2
M 2=
γ+1
γ M 21−
2
Solution
√
γ−1 2
1+ M1
2
M 2=
γ −1
γ M 21−
2
Marks 1 0.33
Question The total pressure loss across a normal shock increases with ______ ?
Type multiple_choice
Option Increasing upstream Mach correct
number
Option Decreasing downstream Mach incorrect
number
Option Increasing stagnation incorrect
temperature
Option Decreasing stagnation incorrect
temperature
Solution
Total pressure loss across a normal shock increases with an
increasing upstream Mach number due to higher entropy
generation. Correct Answer: (A)
Marks 1 0.33
Question
A supersonic flow with upstream Mach number M 1=3 and
static pressure P1=100 kPa passes through a normal shock.
The approximate downstream pressure P2 is _____________ ?
Type Fill_ups
Option Range(1030:1040)
Solution
Solution
The pressure ratio is given by:
2
P 2 2 γ M 1−( γ −1 )
=
P1 γ +1
Substitute γ =1.4 , M 1=3, P1=100 kPa :
P 2 2 ⋅1.4 ⋅32−0.4
= ≈10.33
P1 2.4
P2=10.33 ⋅100 ≈ 1033 kPa
Marks 2
Question Which of the following conditions indicate a normal shock?
Type multiple_choice
Option M 2 <1, P2 > P1 correct
Option M 2 >1, P2 < P1 incorrect
Option M 1 >1, ρ2 < ρ1 incorrect
Option M 1 >1, S2 > S1 correct
Solution
Across a normal shock, the downstream Mach number is
subsonic ( M 2 <1) and pressure increases ( P2 > P1). - Entropy
increases across the shock ( S2 > S1).
Marks 2 0.67
Question Across a normal shock, which ones the following relations hold?
Type multiple_choice
Option ρ1 V 1=ρ2 V 2 correct
Option 2
P1−P2= ρ2 V 2− ρ1 V 1
2
correct
Option 2
V1 V2
2
correct
h1 + =h2 +
2 2
Option M 2=M 1 incorrect
Solution
- The continuity equation ( ρ1 V 1=ρ2 V 2) holds (A). - The mo-
mentum equation holds as P1−P2= ρ2 V 22− ρ1 V 21 (B). - Energy
2 2
V V
conservation ensures h1 + 1 =h2 + 2 (C). - M 2 ≠ M 1, as the
2 2
Mach number decreases.
Correct Answers: (A), (B), (C)
Marks 2 0.67
Question Across a normal shock, which ones the following relations hold?
Type multiple_choice
Option ρ1 V 1=ρ2 V 2 correct
Option 2
P1−P2= ρ2 V 2− ρ1 V 1
2
correct
Option V1
2
V2
2
correct
h1 + =h2 +
2 2
Option M 2=M 1 incorrect
Solution
- The continuity equation ( ρ1 V 1=ρ2 V 2) holds (A). - The mo-
mentum equation holds as P1−P2= ρ2 V 22− ρ1 V 21 (B). - Energy
2 2
V1 V2
conservation ensures h1 + =h2 + (C). - M 2 ≠ M 1, as the
2 2
Mach number decreases.
Correct Answers: (A), (B), (C)
Marks 2 0.67
Question For supersonic flow decelerated through a normal shock:
Type multiple_choice
Option Mach number decreases correct
Option Pressure and density increase correct
Option Total enthalpy decreases correct
Option Velocity decreases incorrect
Solution
Mach number decreases (A). - Both pressure and density in-
crease (B). - Total enthalpy remains constant, not de-
creases; hence (C) is incorrect. - Velocity decreases across
the shock (D).
Correct Answers: (A), (B), (D)
Marks 2 0.67
Question
A supersonic flow with upstream Mach number M 1=2.5 has a
static temperature T 1=280 K . The downstream static temper-
ature T 2 is _______________ ?
Type Fill_ups
Option Range(590:610)
Solution
A supersonic flow with upstream Mach number M 1=2.5 has a
static temperature T 1=280 K . Calculate the downstream
static temperature T 2.
Solution
The temperature ratio is:
T 2 ( 2 γ M 1−( γ −1 ) )( 2+ ( γ−1 ) M 1 )
2 2
=
T1 ( γ +1 )2 M 21
Substitute γ =1.4 , M 1=2.5:
T 2 ( 2⋅ 1.4 ⋅2.52−0.4 ) ( 2+0.4 ⋅ 2.52 )
=
T1 ( 2.4 )2 ⋅2.52
T2
≈ 2.14
T1
T 2=2.14 ⋅280 ≈ 598.5 K
Answer: T 2=598.5 K
Marks 2
Question P 02
For a supersonic flow with M 1=2.8, The stagnation pressure loss ratio
P 01
is _____________ ?
Type Fill_ups
Option Range(590:610)
Solution
The stagnation pressure ratio is:
[ ]
γ
γ −1 2 γ −1
1+ M2
P 02 2 P2
= ⋅
[ ]
γ
P 01 γ −1 2 γ −1
P1
1+ M 1
2
P2 P 02
Calculate M 2, , and substitute to find . Assume
P1 P 01
M 2=0.488.
P 02
≈ 0.389
P 01
Marks 2
Question
A moving normal shock propagates into a stationary
medium at a velocity U s=500 m/s . The speed of sound in the
medium is a 1=340 m/s . The Mach number of the shock rela-
tive to the stationary medium is ________ ?
Type Fill_ups
Option Range(1.4:1.5) correct
Solution
The Mach number of the shock is defined as:
Us
M s=
a1
Substitute U s=500 m/s , a 1=340 m/s :
500
M s= ≈1.471
340
Answer: M s=1.471
Marks 1
Question
A moving normal shock propagates into a region with veloc-
ity V 1=2 00 m/s , T 1 °=45 °C . The shock speed C s=7 00 m/ s. The
Mach flow M 2 in the region 2 is ________ ?
Type Fill_ups
Option Range(0.73:0.75) correct
Solution
The Mach number of the shock is defined as:
C s−V 1
M 1=
a1
Substitute a 1=√ γ RT , a 1=√ 1.4 ×287 ×318.15=357.5 m/s :
√
γ −1 2
1+ M1
500 2
M s= ≈ 1. 398 M 2=
3 57.5 γ −1
γ M 21−
2
Answer: M 2=0.740
Marks 2
Question If the change in entropy across the shock is 425 J/K, the
total pressure ratio across the shock for an air will be
__________ ?
Type Fill_ups
Option Range(2.7:2.72) correct
Solution
P 02 −∆R s
=e
P 01
Answer: 2.71
Marks 1
Question Which kind of flow is observed cross the normal shock wave? Multiple
options may be correct.
Type multiple_choice
Option Isentropic incorrect
Option Isenthalpic correct
Option Reversible incorrect
Option Adiabatic correct
Solution The flow across the normal shock wave is adiabatic as there
is no heat transfer takes place during the process and the
temperature increases due to the conversion of kinetic
energy into internal energy across the shock wave.
Marks 2 0.67
Question If the shock wave is the infinitely weak normal shock, then the value of
downstream Mach number after the shock will be _________ ?
Type Fill_ups
Option Range(1:1)
Solution The infinitely weak normal shock wave occurs at upstream
Mach number M = 1. Now Since the relation between Local
Mach number upstream and downstream of the normal
shock is expressed as;
√
γ−1 2
1+ M1
2
M 2=
2 γ −1
γ M 1−
2
Therefore at M1 = 1, M2 = 1.
Such infinitely weak normal shock wave is termed as Mach
wave.
Marks 1
Question What will be the density ratio for air traveling at Mach number M 1 =
infinite?
Type multiple_choice
Option 3 incorrect
Option 4 incorrect
Option 5 incorrect
Option 6 correct
Solution
ρ2 ( γ +1 ) M 21
=
ρ1 2+(γ −1)M 21
Hence at M = infinite,
ρ2 ( γ +1 )
=
ρ1 (γ −1)
=6
Marks 1 0.33
Question Calculate the Mach number behind the shock if the upstream Mach
number is infinite for an air.
Type multiple_choice
Option 0 incorrect
Option 1 incorrect
Option 0.528 incorrect
Option 0.378 correct
Solution
√
γ−1 2
1+ M1
2
M 2=
2 γ −1
γ M 1−
2
Hence at M = infinite,
M 2= 0.378
Marks 1 0.33