Circulation
CIRCULATION IS THE CONTINUOUS
MOVEMENT OF BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS
THAT TRANSPORTS OXYGEN, NUTRIENTS,
AND WASTES THROUGHOUT AN
ORGANISM’S BODY.
Circulation
Functions
•Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells
•Removes carbon dioxide and wastes
•Maintains temperature and pH
balance
CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The blood in closed circulatory system runs
through closed vessels: heart, veins, arteries,
and capillaries. Earthworms and some
vertebrates, such as fishes, birds, mammals,
and humans, have closed circulatory system.
CLOSED
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
An open circulatory system is a type of blood circulation
commonly found in invertebrates such as insects, crabs,
lobsters, snails, and other arthropods and mollusks. In this
system, the blood—called hemolymph—is not always enclosed
in blood vessels. Instead, it flows freely within the body
cavity, known as the sinuses or hemocoel, and directly bathes
the organs and tissues.
OPEN
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
CIRCULATION IN HUMANS
WHAT IS IT?
The human circulatory system is a closed network
that transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients
throughout the body.
CIRCULATION IN HUMANS
MAIN ORGANS
• Heart
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
CIRCULATION IN HUMANS
BLOOD COMPOSITION
• Plasma
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
• White Blood Cells (WBCs)
• Platelets
CIRCULATION IN HUMANS
The Heart [is...]
• about the size of a clenched fist
• beats 70 times per minute; and
• pumps blood throughout the body
CIRCULATION IN HUMANS
Circulation Pathways
• Coronary circulation (heart)
• Pulmonary circulation (lungs)
• Renal circulation (kidneys)
• Hepatic circulation (liver)
CIRCULATION IN HUMANS
IMPORTANCE
This system keeps us alive by delivering oxygen
and nutrients, removing waste, and maintaining
balance in the body.
CIRCULATION
OF THE HUMAN
BLOOD
DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1. HYPERTENSION (HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE)
Hypertension happens when the pressure of the blood pushing
against the walls of the arteries stays too high. This makes the heart
work harder to pump blood around the body. If it continues for a
long time, it can harm the heart, blood vessels, and other organs.
Cause: Unhealthy diet, stress, or lack of exercise
Effect: Heart attack or stroke
DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
2. STROKE
A stroke happens when blood can’t reach part of the brain because
of a blocked or burst blood vessel. Without blood, the brain cells
don’t get enough oxygen and begin to die. This can affect how a
person moves, speaks, or thinks.
Cause: Blood clot or burst blood vessel in the brain
Effect: Causes weakness, paralysis, or even death
DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
3. HEART ATTACK (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)
A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly
blocked. This means part of the heart does not get enough oxygen
and can be damaged. It usually happens when fat or cholesterol
builds up in the arteries that supply the heart.
Cause: Blockage in the arteries of the heart
Effect: Damages the heart muscle
DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
4. HEART FAILURE
Heart failure means the heart is too weak to pump enough blood for
the body’s needs. It doesn’t mean the heart has stopped, but that it
can’t work as well as it should. This can cause the body to hold extra
fluid and make a person tired or short of breath.
Cause: Weak heart or past heart attack
Effect: Causes tiredness and swelling in the body
DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
5. ANEMIA
Anemia happens when the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells
to carry oxygen. Because of this, the body’s organs and tissues don’t
get enough oxygen to work properly. This makes a person feel weak
or easily tired.
Cause: Lack of iron or loss of blood
Effect: Makes the person feel tired and pale
DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
6. LEUKEMIA (BLOOD CANCER)
Leukemia is a kind of cancer that affects the blood. It causes the
body to make too many white blood cells that don’t work right.
These bad cells crowd out the healthy ones, making it hard for the
body to fight infections.
Cause: Changes in blood cells or radiation exposure
Effect: Causes tiredness and easy infection
DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
7. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
AThis disease happens when fat and cholesterol build up in the
arteries that bring blood to the heart. The buildup makes the arteries
narrow, so less blood and oxygen reach the heart. It can cause chest
pain or lead to a heart attack.
Cause: Fat buildup in heart arteries
Effect: Less blood reaches the heart
GROUP 6
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