📗 Chapter 2 – Diversity in the Living World

What is Diversity?

Diversity means variety.

Living organisms are different in size, shape, colour, habitat, and habits.

Types of Living Organisms

Plants: trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, creepers

Animals: insects, birds, fish, reptiles, mammals

Basis of Classification

Living organisms are grouped based on:

Habitat (land, water, air)

Body structure

Movement

Food habits

Similar features

Importance of Classification

Makes study easy and systematic

Helps identify organisms

Shows relationships among organisms

Habitats

Terrestrial: desert, forest, grassland

Aquatic: ponds, rivers, oceans

Adaptation
Special features that help organisms survive in their habitat

Example: camel in desert, fish in water

📗 Chapter 3 – Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body

Food

Food gives energy, helps in growth, and keeps us healthy.

Nutrients

Carbohydrates

Give energy

Found in rice, wheat, potatoes

Proteins

Help in growth and repair

Found in pulses, milk, eggs

Fats

Give more energy

Found in oil, butter, ghee

Vitamins

Protect from diseases

Example: Vitamin A, B, C, D

Minerals

Needed for strong bones and blood

Example: Calcium, Iron

Balanced Diet
Contains all nutrients in correct amount

Deficiency Diseases

Caused due to lack of nutrients

Example:

Lack of Vitamin C → Scurvy

Lack of Iron → Anaemia

Mindful Eating

Eat healthy food

Eat at proper time

Avoid junk food

📗 Chapter 5 – Measurement of Length and Motion

Measurement

Comparing an unknown quantity with a standard unit

Units of Length

millimetre (mm)

centimetre (cm)

metre (m) → SI unit

kilometre (km)

Measuring Tools

Ruler

Measuring tape

Meter scale
Motion

An object is in motion if it changes position with time

Types of Motion

Rectilinear motion – straight line

Circular motion – circular path

Oscillatory motion – to and from motion

Periodic motion – repeats after equal time

📗 Chapter 7 – Temperature and Its Measurement

Temperature

Tells how hot or cold an object is

Measurement of Temperature

Measured using a thermometer

Types of Thermometers

Clinical thermometer

Laboratory thermometer

Digital thermometer

Units of Temperature

Degree Celsius (°C)

Kelvin (K)

Importance

Used in weather reports

Helps in cooking, medicine, and science experiments

📗 Chapter 9 – Methods of Separation in Everyday Life
Mixture

Two or more substances mixed together

Why Separation is Needed?

Remove impurities

Get useful substances

Methods of Separation

Handpicking – stones from rice

Threshing – grain from stalk

Winnowing – husk from grain

Sieving – flour from bran

Sedimentation – heavy particles settle

Decantation – pouring clear liquid

Filtration – insoluble solid from liquid

Evaporation – salt from water

Magnetic separation – iron from waste

📗 Chapter 10 – Living Creatures: Exploring Their Characteristics

Characteristics of Living Things

Need food

Grow

Respire (breathe)

Move
Respond to stimuli

Excrete waste

Reproduce

Living vs Non-Living

Living things show all life processes

Non-living do not

Movement

Animals move from place to place

Plants show slow movements

Growth

Living beings increase in size permanently

📗 Chapter 12 – Beyond Earth

Universe

Very large space containing all celestial bodies

Solar System

Sun, 8 planets, moons, asteroids, comets

Planets

Do not have their own light

Revolve around the Sun

Moon

Natural satellite of Earth

Shows different phases

Stars

Have their own light

Sun is a star

Other Celestial Bodies

Asteroids – between Mars and Jupiter

Comets – have tail

Meteors – shooting stars

📗 Chapter 2 – Diversity in the Living World

What is meant by diversity in living organisms?

Why do living organisms show variety?

What is classification?

Name two bases of classifying living organisms.

What is a habitat?

Name two terrestrial habitats.

Name two aquatic habitats.

What are adaptations?

How do adaptations help organisms survive?

Give one example of adaptation in animals.

📗 Chapter 3 – Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body

Why do we need food?

What are nutrients?

Name the main nutrients present in food.

Which nutrient gives energy to the body?

Which nutrient helps in growth and repair?

What is a balanced diet?

What are deficiency diseases?

Name one disease caused by lack of vitamin C.

Why is water important for our body?

What is meant by mindful eating?

📗 Chapter 5 – Measurement of Length and Motion

What is measurement?

What is the SI unit of length?

Name two tools used for measuring length.

Define motion.

What is rectilinear motion?

Give one example of circular motion.

What is oscillatory motion?

What is periodic motion?

Why are standard units important?

Give one example of an object at rest.

📗 Chapter 7 – Temperature and Its Measurement

What is temperature?

Which instrument is used to measure temperature?

Name two types of thermometers.

What is the unit of temperature?

What is a clinical thermometer used for?

Why should we not touch hot objects?

Which thermometer is used in laboratories?

What is normal human body temperature?

Why do we feel cold in winter?

Write one use of measuring temperature.

📗 Chapter 9 – Methods of Separation in Everyday Life

What is a mixture?

Why is separation needed?

What is handpicking?

What is winnowing?

What is threshing?

What is sieving?

What is filtration?

How is salt obtained from seawater?

What is sedimentation?

What is magnetic separation?

📗 Chapter 10 – Living Creatures: Exploring Their Characteristics

What are living things?

Name two characteristics of living organisms.

Why do living things need food?

What is respiration?

Do plants show movement? Explain briefly.

What is growth in living organisms?

What is response to stimuli?

What is excretion?

Why is reproduction important?

Give two differences between living and non-living things.

📗 Chapter 12 – Beyond Earth

What is the universe?

Name the members of the solar system.

What is a planet?

Name Earth’s natural satellite.

What are stars?

Why does the Moon not have its own light?

What are asteroids?

What is a comet?

What is a meteor?

Why is the Sun important for life on Earth?

Answers
📗 Chapter 2 – Diversity in the Living World (Answers)
Diversity means the variety of living organisms found on Earth.

Living organisms show variety because they live in different habitats and have different
needs.

Classification is grouping living organisms based on similarities.

Two bases: habitat and body structure.

Habitat is the natural home of an organism.

Two terrestrial habitats: forest, desert.

Two aquatic habitats: pond, ocean.

Adaptations are special features that help organisms survive.

Adaptations help organisms adjust to their environment.

Camel has a hump to survive in the desert.

📗 Chapter 3 – Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body (Answers

We need food for energy, growth, and good health.

Nutrients are substances in food needed by the body.

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals.

Carbohydrates give energy.

Proteins help in growth and repair.

A balanced diet contains all nutrients in proper amount.

Deficiency diseases are caused by lack of nutrients.

Lack of vitamin C causes scurvy.

Water helps in digestion and transport of nutrients.

Mindful eating means eating healthy food at the right time and quantity.

📗 Chapter 5 – Measurement of Length and Motion (Answers)

Measurement is finding the size or length using a standard unit.

The SI unit of length is metre (m).

Ruler and measuring tape.

Motion is change in position with time.

Rectilinear motion is motion in a straight line.

Movement of hands of a clock.

Oscillatory motion is to-and-fro motion.

Periodic motion repeats at equal intervals of time.

Standard units give accurate and uniform measurement.

A book lying on a table.

📗 Chapter 7 – Temperature and Its Measurement (Answers)

Temperature shows how hot or cold an object is.

A thermometer is used.

Clinical thermometer and laboratory thermometer.

Degree Celsius (°C).

Clinical thermometer measures body temperature.

Hot objects can burn our skin.

Laboratory thermometer.

37°C.

Due to low temperature of surroundings.

To know body temperature during fever.

📗 Chapter 9 – Methods of Separation in Everyday Life (Answers)

A mixture is made of two or more substances.

To remove impurities and get useful substances.

Picking stones from rice by hand.

Separating husk from grain using wind.

Separating grain from stalk.

Separating particles based on size.

Separating insoluble solid from liquid using filter.

By evaporation.

Heavy particles settle at the bottom.

Using magnet to separate iron objects.

📗 Chapter 10 – Living Creatures: Exploring Their Characteristics (Answers)

Living things show life processes.

Growth and respiration.

For energy and survival.

Respiration is breathing to release energy.

Yes, plants show slow movements.

Increase in size permanently.

Reaction to changes in surroundings.

Removal of waste from body.

To continue the species.

Living things grow; non-living do not.

📗 Chapter 12 – Beyond Earth (Answers)

The universe includes all celestial bodies.

Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets.

A planet revolves around the Sun and has no light of its own.

Moon.

Stars are celestial bodies that produce their own light.

Because it reflects sunlight.

Asteroids are small rocky bodies between Mars and Jupiter.

A comet is a celestial body with a glowing tail.

A meteor is a shooting star.

The Sun provides heat and light needed for life.