Bonus Assignment activity
Name: Burhan Usman
CMS: 1807-2023
Implement all given protocols separately in Cisco Packet Tracer:
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
Step 1: Create Network Topology
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. Add:
o 2 PCs
o 1 Switch
3. Connect both PCs to the switch using Copper Straight-Through cables.
Step 2: Configure IP Addresses
1. Click PC0 → Desktop → IP Configuration.
o IP Address: [Link]
o Subnet Mask: [Link]
2. Click PC1 → Desktop → IP Configuration.
o IP Address: [Link]
o Subnet Mask: [Link]
Step 3: Test ICMP (Ping)
1. Click PC0 → Desktop → Command Prompt.
2. Type:
3. ping [Link]
4. Successful replies confirm ICMP is working.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol):
DNS:
1. Click on PC → Desktop → Command Prompt.
2. Type:
3. ftp [Link]
4. Enter username and password.
5. Use commands like dir, get, or put.
C. DNS Protocol Implementation
Step 1: Enable DNS Service
1. Click on Server.
2. Go to Services → DNS.
3. Turn DNS ON.
4. Add a DNS record:
o Name: [Link]
o Address: [Link]
5. Click Add.
Step 2: Configure DNS on PC
1. Click on PC → Desktop → IP Configuration.
2. Set DNS Server to:
o [Link]
Step 3: Test DNS
1. Click on PC → Desktop → Web Browser.
2. Type:
3. [Link]
4. The web page should open
HTTP:
Step 1: Create Network Topology
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. Add:
o 1 Server
o1 PC
o1 Switch
3. Connect all devices using Copper Straight-Through cables.
Step 2: Configure IP Addresses
1. Click on PC → Desktop → IP Configuration.
2. Assign:
o IP Address: [Link]
o Subnet Mask: [Link]
3. Click on Server → Desktop → IP Configuration.
4. Assign:
o IP Address: [Link]
o Subnet Mask: [Link]
Step 3: Enable HTTP Service
1. Click on Server.
2. Go to Services → HTTP.
3. Turn HTTP ON.
4. (Optional) Edit the default web page.
Step 4: Test HTTP
1. Click on PC → Desktop → Web Browser.
2. Enter the server IP: [Link]
3. The web page should load successfully
FTP:
Step 1: Use Same Topology
Use the same PC, Server, and Switch.
Step 2: Enable FTP Service
1. Click on Server.
2. Go to Services → FTP.
3. Turn FTP ON.
4. Create a user:
o Username: ftpuser
o Password: 123
Step 3: Test FTP
1. Click on PC → Desktop → Command Prompt.
2. Type:
3. ftp [Link]
4. Enter username and password.
5. Use commands like dir, get, or put.
DHCP:
Step 1: Understand DHCP Basics
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses and other
network parameters (like subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server) to devices on a network.
Key points:
DHCP Server: Device that gives IP addresses.
DHCP Client: Device that receives IP address automatically.
Lease Time: Duration for which IP is assigned.
Works using UDP ports 67 (server) and 68 (client).
Step 2: Open Packet Tracer and Set Up a Basic Network
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. From the Devices Panel, add:
o1 Router
o1 Switch
o2–3 PCs
3. Connect devices:
o Router → Switch: Copper Straight-Through
o PC → Switch: Copper Straight-Through
Step 3: Configure Router as DHCP Server
We can configure the router to act as DHCP.
1. Click on the Router → CLI.
2. Enter global configuration mode:
3. enable
4. configure terminal
5. Define the DHCP pool:
6. ip dhcp pool NETWORK1
7. network [Link] [Link]
8. default-router [Link]
9. dns-server [Link]
Explanation:
o NETWORK1 → name of DHCP pool
o network [Link] [Link] → subnet for the IP addresses
o default-router [Link] → gateway (usually router interface)
o dns-server → optional
10. Exclude addresses that should not be assigned dynamically:
11. ip dhcp excluded-address [Link] [Link]
o These will be reserved for static devices like servers or router interfaces.
12. Assign the router interface connected to the network:
13. interface gig0/0
14. ip address [Link] [Link]
15. no shutdown
16. exit
Step 4: Configure PCs as DHCP Clients
1. Click on a PC → Desktop → IP Configuration.
2. Select DHCP.
3. The PC will automatically receive:
o IP address
o Subnet mask
o Default gateway
o DNS server
Ipconfig
Step 5: Verify DHCP Operation
1. On PC CLI:
2. ipconfig /all
o Should show IP assigned by DHCP.
3. Test connectivity:
o On PC CLI:
4. ping [Link]
Step 6: Advanced Testing
Add another subnet and configure DHCP for multiple networks.
Configure DHCP relay if router has multiple interfaces.
Test lease expiration and renewal:
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
SMTP:
Step 1: Configure the Server as Email Server
1. Click on the Server → Services tab → Email.
2. Configure the email server:
o Domain Name: [Link]
o SMTP Port: 25 (default)
o POP3 Port: 110 (default)
o Create user accounts:
User1: user1@[Link] / Password: 123
User2: user2@[Link] / Password: 123
Step 2: Configure PCs as Email Clients
1. Click on PC → Desktop → Email.
2. Enter email client configuration:
o Email Address: user1@[Link]
o Password: 123
o Incoming Server (POP3): [Link] / Port 110
o Outgoing Server (SMTP): [Link] / Port 25
3. SAME for PC2 with its credentials.
Step 3: Send and Receive Emails
1. On PC1, compose an email:
o To: pc2@[Link]
o Subject: Test Email
o Message: Hello from PC1
2. Click Send.
3. On PC2, check Inbox → Refresh to see the received email.
Observation & Questions:
1. Which protocol used which port number?
HTTP uses port 80
HTTPS uses port 443
FTP uses port 21
DNS uses port 53
SMTP uses port 25
DHCP uses ports 67 (server) and 68 (client)
Telnet uses port 23
SSH uses port 22
2. When you sent a ping, which protocol was working?
ICMP protocol was working.
3. When the web page opened, which request/response was exchanged?
HTTP request and HTTP response were exchanged.
4. When the IP was assigned, what steps did DHCP take?
Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge (DORA).
Task Sheet:
1. What was the role of DNS?
DNS (Domain Name System) was used to convert human-readable domain names (such as
[Link]) into corresponding IP addresses so that devices could locate and communicate with
servers on the network.
2. What would be the problem if IPs were assigned manually instead of using DHCP?
If IP addresses were assigned manually, it could lead to IP address conflicts, incorrect network
configuration, increased administrative effort, and difficulty in managing large networks.
3. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTP transfers data in plain text without security, making it vulnerable to attacks, whereas HTTPS uses
encryption to securely transfer data and protect it from unauthorized access.
4. Write one line on the main function of ICMP and ARP.
ICMP: ICMP is used for network diagnostics, error reporting, and testing connectivity such as
ping operations.
ARP: ARP is used to resolve an IP address into a corresponding MAC address within a local
network.