R

TE

6
P
CHA

Evolution

Origin of Life & Theories of Evolution Evidences of Evolution

1. Panspermia, an idea that is still a favourite for some 6. Match List-I with List-II:  (2024 Re)
astronomers, means (2022 Re) List-I List-II
a. Transfer of spores as unit of life from other planets to Earth (A) Living Fossil (I) Elongated canine teeth
b. Creation of life from dead and decaying matter
(B) Connecting Link (II) Vermiform appendix
c. Creation of life from chemicals
d. Origin of sperm in human testes (C) Vestigial Organ (III) Echidna
2. From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by (D) Atavism (IV) Latimeria
mixing the following in a closed flask: (2020) Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. CH3, H2, NH4 and water vapor at 800°C a. A-IV, В-III, С-II, D-I b. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
b. CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapor at 600°C c. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II d. А-III, В-IV, C-I, D-II
c. CH3, H2, NH3 and water vapor at 600°C
7. The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the example of
d. CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapor at 800°C the (2024)
3. After about how many years of formation of earth, life a. Convergent evolution b. Divergent evolution
appeared on this planet? (2020-Covid) c. Adaptive radiation d. Natural selection
a. 50 million years 8. Which of the following statements is not true?
b. 500 million years  (2022)
c. 50 billion years a. Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous
d. 500 billion years organs
4. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in b. Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution
the origin of life? (2016 - II) c. Sweet potato and potato is an example of analogy
I. Formation of protobionts d. Homology indicates common ancestry
II. Synthesis of organic monomers 9. Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of: (2020)
III. Synthesis of organic polymers a. Convergent evolution b. Industrial melanism
IV. Formation of DNA-based genetic systems c. Natural selection d. Adaptive radiation
a. II, III, I, IV b. II, III, IV, I
10. Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of
c. I, II, III, IV d. I, III, II, IV organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment
5. Following are the two statements regarding the origin of life: brought about by anthropogenic action? (2020)
 (2016 - I) 1. Darwin’s Finches of Galapagos islands.
A. The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were 2. Herbicide resistant weeds.
non-green and presumably anaerobes. 3. Drug resistant eukaryotes.
B. The first autotrophic organisms were the chemoauto-
4. Man-created breeds of domesticated animals like dogs.
troph’s that never released oxygen.
Of the above statements which one of the following options a. (1) and (3) b. (2), (3) and (4)
is correct? c. Only (4) d. Only (2)
a. (A) is correct but (B) is false 11. Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by:
b. (B) is correct but (A) is false  (2020)
c. Both (A) and (B) are correct a. Alfred Wallance b. Charles Darwin
d. Both (A) and (B) are false c. Oparin d. Karl Ernst von Baer
 Evolution 401

12. Embryological support for evolution was proposed by: c. Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent
 (2020-Covid) evolution
a. Karl Ernst von Baer b. Charles Darwin d. Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent
c. Alfred Wallace d. Ernst Heckel evolution
13. The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many
vertebrates is an example of:  (2018) Adaptive Radiation
a. Homology b. Analogy 23. Which evolutionary phenomenon is depicted by the sketch
c. Convergent evolution d. Adaptive radiation given in figure?  (2024 Re)
14. Among the following sets of examples for divergent
evolution, select the incorrect option:  (2018)
a. Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
b. Heart of bat, man and cheetah (1) (2) (3) (4)
c. Brain of bat, man and cheetah a. Artificial selection
d. Eye of octopus, bat and man b. Genetic drift
15. Analogous structures are a result of: (2016 - I) c. Convergent evolution
a. Divergent evolution b. Convergent evolution d. Adaptive radiation
c. Shared ancestry d. Stabilising selection 24. Match List-I with List-II with respect to convergence
16. Which of the following structures are homologues to the evolution:  (2024 Re)
wing of a bird? (2016 - I)
List-I List-II
a. Dorsal fin of a Shark d. Wing of a Moth
(A) Lemur (I) Flying phalanger
c. Hind limb of Rabbit d. Flipper of Whale
(B) Bobcat (II) Numbat
17. The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are: (2015 Re)
a. Analogous structures and represent convergent evolution (C) Anteater (III) Spotted cuscus
b. Phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution (D) Flying squirrels (IV) Tasmanian tiger cat
c. Homologous structures and represent convergent Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
evolution
a. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I b. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
d. Homologous structures and represent divergent evolution
c. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I d. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
18. Industrial melanism is an example of: (2015 Re)
25. Select the correct group/set of Australian Marsupials
a. Natural selection b. Mutation exhibiting adaptive radiation. (2023)
c. Neo Lamarckism d. Neo Darwinism
a. Lemur, Anteater, Wolf
19. Forelimbs of cat, lizard used in walking; forelimbs of whale b. Tasmanian wolf, Bobcat, Marsupial mole
used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an
c. Numbat, Spotted cuscus, Flying phalanger
example of: (2014)
d. Mole, Flying squirrel, Tasmanian tiger cat
a. Convergent evolution b. Analogous organs
c. Adaptive radiation d. Homologous organs 26. Match the following: (2021)
List-I List-II
20. Which one of the following are analogous structures? (2014)
(A) Adaptive radiation (I) Selection of resistant varieties
a. Flippers of dolphin and legs of horse
due to excessive use of
b. Wings of bat and wings of pigeon herbicides and pesticides
c. Gills of prawn and lungs of man
(B) Convergent (II) Bones of forelimbs in Man
d. Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita evolution and Whale
21. The process by which organisms with different evolutionary (C) Divergent evolution (III) Wings of Butterfly and Bird
history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to
a common environmental challenge, is called: (2013) (D) Evolution by (IV) Darwin Finches
anthropogenic action
a. Adaptive radiation b. Natural selection
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
c. Convergent evolution d. Non-random evolution
a. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV b. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
22. The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns
of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an c. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II d. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
example of: (2013) 27. The phenomenon of evolution of different species in a given
a. Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent geographical area starting from a point and spreading to other
evolution habitats is called- (2020-Covid)
b. Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent a. Co-evolution b. Natural selection
evolution c. Adaptive radiation d. Saltation
402 Chapter & Topicwise NEET PYQ's

Biological Evolution And Mechanism of Evolution (C) Gene flow (III) Transfer of genes into or
out of population
28. Select the correct statement regarding mutation theory of
evolution. (2022 Re) (D) Gene frequency (IV) Total number of genes and
a. Large differences due to mutations arise gradually in a their alleles
population Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. А-Ш, В-II, C-I, D-IV b. A-IV, B-II, С-III, D-I
b. This theory was proposed by Alfred Wallace
c. A-I, В-II, C-III, D-IV d. А-ІІ, В-ІII, C-IV, D-I
c. Variations are small directional changes
36. Which one of the following factors will not affect the Hardy-
d. Single step large mutation is a cause of speciation
Weinberg equilibrium? (2024)
29. Natural selection where more individuals acquired specific a. Gene migration b. Constant gene pool
character value other than the mean character value, leads to: c. Genetic recombination d. Genetic drift
 (2022)
37. The factor that leads to Founder effect in a population is:(2021)
a. Random change b. Stabilising change a. Genetic recombination b. Mutation
c. Directional change d. Disruptive change c. Genetic drift d. Natural selection
30. Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries 38. A gene locus has two alleles A and a. If the frequency of
are (2019) dominant allele A is 0.4, then what will be the frequency
a. Random and directional b. Random and directionless of homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous
c. Small and directional d. Small and directionless recessive individuals in the population? (2019)
31. In a species, the weight of newborn ranges from 2 to 5 kg. a. 0.36(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.16(aa)
97% of the newborn with an average weight between 3 to 3.3 b. 0.16(AA); 0.24(Aa); 0.36(aa)
kg survive whereas 99% of the infants born with weight from c. 0.16(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.36(aa)
2 to 2.5 kg or 4.5 to 5 kg die. Which type of selection process d. 0.16(AA); 0.36(Aa); 0.48(aa)
is taking place? (2019) 39. In Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous
a. Directional Selection b. Stabilising Selection individual is represented by: (2016 - II)
c. Disruptive Selection d. Cyclical Selection a. pq b. q2 c. p2 d. 2pq
32. According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evolution is: 40. Genetic drift operates in: (2016 - II)
 (2018) a. Non-reproductive population
a. Multiple step mutations b. Saltation b. Slow reproductive population
c. Phenotypic variations d. Minor mutations c. Small isolated population
d. Large isolated population
33. Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk
output represents: (2017-Delhi) 41. Which is the most common mechanism of genetic variation in
the population of a sexually reproducing organism? (2015)
a. Stabilising selection as it stabilises this character in the
population. a. Genetic drift b. Recombination
c. Transduction d. Chromosomal aberrations
b. Directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one
direction. 42. A population will not exist in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
if: (2015)
c. Disruptive as it splits the population into two one yielding
higher output and the other lower output. a. There is no migration
b. The population is large
d. Stabilising followed by disruptive as it stabilises the
population to produce higher yielding cows. c. Individuals mate selectively
d. There are no mutations
34. According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to: (2013)
43. The following graph depicts changes in two populations
a. Reduced feeding efficiency in one species due to the (A and B) of herbivores in a grassy field. A possible reason
presence of interfering species for these changes is that: (2015)
b. Intraspecific competition
c. Interspecific competition
d. Competition within closely related species

Hardy-Weinberg Principle
35. Match List-I with List-II:  (2024 Re)
a. Population A produced more offspring than population B
List-I List-II
b. Population A consumed the members of population B
(A) Gene pool (I) Stable within a generation
c. Both plant populations in this habitat decreased
(B) Genetic drift (II) Change in gene frequency d. Population B competed more successfully for food than
by chance. population A
 Evolution 403

44. In a population of 1000 individuals 360 belong to genotype a. C-B-D-A b. A-D-C-B

AA, 480 to Aa and the remaining 160 to aa. Based on this c. D-A-C-B d. B-A-D-C
data, the frequency of allele A in the population is: (2014)
50. Identify the fossil of man who showed the following
a. 0.7 b. 0.4 c. 0.5 d. 0.6
characteristics. (2023-Manipur)
45. Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur
A. Brain capacity of 1400 cc
by chance rather than by natural selection. This is referred to
as:(2013) B. Used hides to protect their body
a. Genetic load b. Genetic flow C. Buried their dead bodies
c. Genetic drift d. Random mating In the light of above statements, choose the correct answer
from the options given below:
46. The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium
may be disturbed by: (2013) a. Homo erectus b. Neanderthal man
a. Lack of random mating b. Random mating c. Homo habilis d. Australopithecus
c. Lack of migration d. Lack of mutations 51. A Hominid fossil discovered in Java in 1891, now extinct,
having cranial capacity of about 900 cc was: (2020-Covid)
Brief Account of Evolution a. Neanderthal man b. Homo sapiens
c. Australopithecus d. Homo erectus
47. What is the correct order (old to recent) of periods in
Paleozoic era?  (2024 Re) 52. Match the hominids with their correct brain size : (2019)
a. Silurian, Devonian, Permian, Carboniferous (A) Homo habilis (I) 900 cc
b. Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian
(B) Homo neanderthalensis (II) 1350 cc
c. Permian, Devonian, Silurian, Carboniferous
d. Silurian, Carboniferous, Permian, Devonian (C) Homo erectus (III) 650-800 cc
48. Match List-I with List-II: (2024) (D) Homo sapiens (IV) 1400 cc
List-I List-II Select the correct option.
(A) Mesozoic Era (I) Lower invertebrates a. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II b. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
(B) Proterozoic Era (II) Fish & Amphibia c. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II d. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(C) Cenozoic Era (III) Birds & Reptiles 53. The chronological order of human evolution from early to the
recent is: (2016 - II)
(D) Paleozoic Era (IV) Mammals
a. Ramapithecus-Homo habilis-Australopithecus -Homo
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: erectus
a. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III b. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II b. Australopithecus-Homo habilis-Ramapithecus -Homo
c. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV d. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV erectus
c. Australopithecus-Ramapithecus-Homo habilis -Homo
Human Evolution erectus
d. Ramapithecus-Australopithecus-Homo habilis -Homo
49. Given below are some stages of human evolution. Arrange
erectus
them in correct sequence. (Past to Recent) (2024)
A. Homo habilis B. Homo sapiens 54. Which of the following had the smallest brain capacity?
 (2015 Mains)
C. Homo neanderthalensis D. Homo erectus
Choose the correct sequence of human evolution from the a. Homo neanderthalensis b. Homo habilis
options given below: c. Homo erectus d. Homo sapiens

Answer Key
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (b,c)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (b)
51. (d) 52. (c) 53. (d) 54. (b)