BREI’s Blue Ridge Junior College Std: XII Date: 16/01/2026

Subject: Mass Media and

Communication

Time: 3hr Max. Marks: 70

II Pre-Board 2025-2026 Answer Key

Answer all questions in Section A, Section B, and Section C.

Section A consists of objective/very short answer questions.
Section B consists of short-answer questions.
Section C consists of long-answer questions.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Q1 (i) A camera movement in which the camera moves along with the subject is
called:
Correct answer: (c) Dolly
A dolly movement involves the camera moving along with the subject, usually on tracks or
wheels.

Q1 (ii) Which Indian filmmaker is associated with early documentary cinema?

Correct answer: (a) Satyajeet Ray
He is regarded as the pioneer of Indian cinema and contributed to early documentary-
style filmmaking.

Q1 (iii) Cyber activism refers to:

Correct answer: (b) Use of digital platforms to promote social causes

Q1 (iv) Assertion (A): Media can influence social change.

Reason (R): The media reaches a large and diverse audience.
Correct answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) explains (A)
Media influences social change because it reaches and impacts a large and diverse
audience.

Q1 (v) ____________ refers to the shared beliefs, values, traditions, customs, and
practices of a society.
Correct answer: Culture
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, traditions, customs, and practices of a society.

Q1 (vi) A form of journalism that supports a particular political ideology is known as

____________.
Correct answer: Advocacy journalism
This form of journalism supports or promotes a specific political ideology or cause.

Q1 (vii) ____________ is the equipment used to combine and control different

sound inputs in a radio studio.
Correct answer: Sound mixer (audio mixing console)
It is used in a radio studio to combine, control, and adjust different sound inputs.

Q1 (viii) State whether the following statements are True or False:

(a) Sensationalism strengthens the credibility of journalism.
False
(b) Radio scripts should use professional language.
False (Radio scripts should use simple, conversational language)
(c) Social media enables two-way communication.
True
(d) Technological convergence refers to the integration of multiple media technologies.
True

Q1 (ix) Give one example of cybercrime.

Correct answer: Phishing
It involves tricking users into revealing personal or financial information online.

Q1 (x) What is meant by self-regulation in media?

Self-regulation in media refers to the system where media organizations monitor and
regulate their own content using ethical codes and professional standards without external
control.

Q1 (xi) What is covert advertising?

Covert advertising is a form of promotion where products or brands are subtly shown
within media content without clearly stating that it is an advertisement.
SECTION B – 28 MARKS

Q2 Explain the relationship between culture and communication with a suitable

media example. (4 marks)
Culture and communication share a strong, interdependent relationship. Culture
influences the way people think, speak, and interpret messages, while communication is
the medium through which cultural values, beliefs, and traditions are shared and
preserved. The media acts as a bridge between culture and society by representing social
practices and lifestyles. For example, Indian television serials and films portray family
structures, festivals, and social norms, which help reinforce cultural identity and pass
traditions from one generation to another.

Q3 The growth of social media and the 24/7 news cycle have changed the way news
is reported. Analyse how these changes have increased ethical challenges for
journalists today. (4 marks)
The growth of social media and the 24/7 news cycle has significantly changed news
reporting and increased ethical challenges for journalists. There is constant pressure to
break news quickly, often leading to incomplete verification of facts. Competition for
attention has encouraged sensational headlines and emotional framing of stories.
Journalists also face challenges related to privacy, misinformation, and biased reporting,
making ethical decision-making more complex than before.

Q4 Identify the characteristics of new media reflected in the given features. (4

marks)
The features mentioned clearly reflect the characteristics of new media. The option to
comment and share articles instantly shows interactivity and immediacy, allowing
audiences to respond in real time. Uploading content reflects user-generated media,
where audiences become creators rather than just consumers. These features also show
connectivity, as information spreads quickly across networks. Together, they demonstrate
how new media is participatory, dynamic, and audience-driven.

Q5 What are social networking platforms? Mention two advantages. (4 marks)

Social networking platforms are digital platforms that allow users to create profiles,
connect with others, share content, and communicate in real time. Examples include
Facebook, Instagram, and X. One major advantage is instant communication, which
allows people to stay connected across distances. Another advantage is easy information
sharing, where news, ideas, and awareness campaigns can reach a large audience
quickly and effectively.

Q6 (A) Explain the pre-shooting and post-shooting stages of film production. (4

marks)
The pre-shooting stage involves planning the entire film, including scriptwriting,
storyboarding, location selection, casting, budgeting, and scheduling. This stage ensures
that the shooting process runs smoothly. The post-shooting stage begins after filming is
completed and includes editing, sound mixing, adding background music, visual effects,
and finalizing the film. Both stages are essential for creating a well-structured film.

OR

Q6 (B) Explain how films create social awareness. (4 marks)

Cinema reflects the society in which it is created and often highlights social problems such
as inequality, poverty, gender discrimination, and education. By presenting these issues
through stories and characters, films create awareness and emotional connection among
audiences. Such films encourage discussion, empathy, and sometimes even social
change, making cinema a powerful medium for social awareness.

Q7 (A) Explain how smartphones have created active audiences. (4 marks)

Smartphones have transformed audiences from passive viewers into active participants in
media. With built-in cameras and internet access, people can record events, create
content, share opinions, and respond to media instantly. Social media apps allow users to
comment, like, and share, giving them a voice in media discussions. This has made media
more interactive and audience-driven.

OR

Q7 (B) Explain the role of social media in democracy. (4 marks)

Social media has changed democratic participation by giving citizens direct access to
information and platforms for expression. People can raise issues, organize campaigns,
and engage in discussions without depending on traditional media. Online petitions,
hashtags, and digital movements allow greater public involvement, making democracy
more participatory and inclusive.

Q8 (A) Explain the role of sound effects and voice modulation in radio. (4 marks)
Sound effects help create atmosphere and setting, such as rain, traffic, or crowd noise,
enabling listeners to imagine scenes clearly. Voice modulation helps radio presenters and
actors express emotions, tone, and character, keeping listeners engaged. Together, these
elements compensate for the lack of visuals and make radio storytelling vivid and
effective.

OR

Q8 (B) Explain different types of radio programmes. (4 marks)

Different radio programmes serve different purposes. News programmes inform listeners
about current events, weather, and public announcements. Entertainment programmes,
such as music shows, radio dramas, and talk shows, provide relaxation and enjoyment.
Each type caters to the diverse needs and interests of radio audiences.

SECTION C
Question 9
Explain how the use of camera angles and camera movements enhances visual
storytelling in television programs.

Answer:

Introduction
Television is primarily a visual medium in which images play a central role in
communicating meaning. Camera angles and camera movements are essential tools that
help television creators construct narratives, influence audience perception, and evoke
emotional responses. These techniques transform visuals into meaningful storytelling
elements.

Role of Camera Angles

Camera angles refer to the position of the camera in relation to the subject.
High-angle shots are taken from above the subject and make the subject appear weak,
helpless, or insignificant. Such shots are often used in television dramas and
documentaries to depict vulnerability or social disadvantage.

Low-angle shots are taken from below the subject and make the subject appear
powerful, dominant, or authoritative. Television programmes frequently use low-angle
shots to portray leaders, heroes, or influential personalities.

Eye-level shots position the camera at the same height as the subject’s eyes. These
shots create realism and neutrality, allowing viewers to relate naturally to characters and
situations.

Close-up shots focus on a character’s face or a specific object. They highlight emotions,
expressions, and details, helping viewers connect emotionally with the narrative.

Role of Camera Movements

Camera movements add continuity and dynamism to television storytelling.

Pan movements involve horizontal movement of the camera and are used to establish
settings or follow action across a scene.

Tilt movements involve vertical movement of the camera and are used to reveal height,
scale, or dramatic elements.

Dolly movements involve the camera moving towards or away from the subject. Dolly-in
movements increase emotional intensity, while dolly-out movements create a sense of
distance or closure.

Tracking shots follow moving subjects and immerse viewers in the action, maintaining
narrative flow.

Impact on Narrative and Audience Engagement

Camera angles and movements guide audience attention, control pacing, and enhance
emotional impact. Slow movements create calm or reflective moods, while rapid
movements generate excitement or tension.

Conclusion
Camera angles and movements are vital elements of visual storytelling in television
programmes. Their effective use enhances narrative depth, emotional engagement, and
viewer understanding.

OR

Q. Analyse how different types of television advertisements are used to promote

products and brands effectively.

Answer:

Introduction
Television advertising is one of the most influential forms of brand promotion due to its
wide reach and audio-visual appeal. Different types of television advertisements are
designed with specific objectives and strategies to influence consumer behaviour.

Product Advertisements
Product advertisements focus on highlighting features, benefits, and uses of a product.
Demonstrations, comparisons, and testimonials help establish credibility and persuade
consumers.

Institutional Advertisements
Institutional advertisements focus on building brand image rather than promoting a
specific product. They highlight company values, achievements, and social responsibility
to build trust.

Social Advertisements
Social advertisements aim to raise awareness about issues such as health, education,
and the environment. Emotional storytelling is used to create impact and social
responsibility.

Celebrity Endorsement Advertisements

Celebrity endorsements attract attention and transfer credibility to the brand. They
influence consumer preferences and enhance brand recall.

Conclusion
Different types of television advertisements use varied strategies to promote products and
brands effectively.
Question 10
Explain the contribution of any two pioneers of early cinema to the development of films.

Answer:

Contributions of the Pioneers of Early Cinema

Dadasaheb Phalke

1. Dadasaheb Phalke laid the foundation of the Indian film industry by directing Raja
Harishchandra in 1913, which is recognised as the first full-length Indian feature film.
2. He established cinema as an indigenous medium by using Indian mythological and
historical subjects instead of foreign stories, thereby making films culturally relevant to
Indian audiences.
3. Phalke introduced the concept of complete filmmaking in India by personally handling
direction, screenplay, cinematography, editing, production design, and special effects at
a time when no trained professionals were available.
4. He developed early film production infrastructure in India by setting up studios,
laboratories, and exhibition practices, which enabled regular film production.
5. Phalke trained actors and technicians, many of whom later contributed to the growth of
regional and national cinema.
6. He demonstrated that cinema could be both a cultural and commercial medium,
encouraging others to invest in filmmaking.
7. His work inspired the rise of Indian cinema as a mass medium, leading to the
establishment of a permanent film industry in the country.

Lumière Brothers

1. The Lumière Brothers invented the Cinematograph, a revolutionary device that

functioned as a camera, film processor, and projector, making motion picture
production and exhibition possible.
2. They conducted the world’s first public film screening in 1895, marking the birth of
cinema as a public entertainment and communication medium.
3. They produced some of the earliest motion pictures, which documented real-life events
and everyday activities, establishing the factual roots of cinema.
 4. Their films introduced realism in cinema by capturing actual moments without actors,
scripts, or artificial sets.
5. They demonstrated cinema’s potential as a visual medium capable of recording reality,
influencing both fiction and non-fiction film traditions.
6. By taking their films to different countries, they popularised cinema globally and
inspired filmmakers across the world to experiment with the new medium.
7. Their contributions laid the technical and conceptual foundation upon which narrative
cinema and documentary cinema later developed.

Robert Flaherty

1. Robert Flaherty made Nanook of the North in 1922, which is considered the first full-
length documentary film in cinema history.
2. He established documentary cinema as a distinct genre separate from fictional and
dramatic films.
3. Flaherty introduced ethnographic filmmaking by documenting the lives, culture, and
survival of indigenous communities in their natural environment.
4. He developed a narrative structure within documentary films, using storytelling
techniques to make real-life subjects emotionally engaging.
5. Flaherty humanised documentary cinema by focusing on ordinary people as central
characters rather than events or institutions.
6. He emphasised realism by filming on real locations and using non-professional actors,
thereby strengthening the authenticity of documentary films.
7. His work influenced future documentary filmmakers by demonstrating that real life could
be presented artistically without losing truth.

John Grierson

1. John Grierson coined the term “documentary” and defined it as the “creative treatment
of actuality,” giving documentary cinema a clear theoretical identity.
2. He established documentary filmmaking as a tool for social education rather than mere
entertainment.
3. Grierson founded the British Documentary Movement, which promoted socially relevant
films focusing on everyday life, labour, and public institutions.
4. He encouraged state-supported filmmaking by working with government film units to
produce documentaries for public awareness.
5. Grierson institutionalised documentary production by organising structured film units,
ensuring planned, purposeful, and professional filmmaking.
6. He trained and mentored a generation of documentary filmmakers, emphasising
teamwork and research-based filmmaking.
7. He linked cinema with democracy by using documentary films to inform citizens, shape
public opinion, and promote social responsibility.

OR

Q. Compare any two film genres in terms of their themes, narrative style, and
audience appeal.

Answer:

Introduction
Film genres classify films based on common characteristics.

Themes
Drama films focus on emotional and social issues.
Action films focus on excitement and conflict.

Narrative Style
Drama films are character-driven.
Action films are fast-paced and event-driven.

Audience Appeal
Drama appeals to emotionally engaged audiences.
Action appeals to thrill-seeking audiences.

Question 11
Explain any three netiquettes that are essential for responsible online communication,
illustrating each with a suitable example.

Answer:
Introduction
Netiquette refers to the rules governing responsible online behavior.

Reveal your identity:

Revealing your identity in online communication means clearly mentioning who you are
while interacting on digital platforms, such as emails, discussion forums, or virtual
classrooms.

Respectful Language
Using polite language prevents conflict and cyberbullying.

Respect for Privacy

Personal information should not be shared without consent.

Verification of Information
Information should be verified before sharing to prevent misinformation.

Conclusion
Following netiquette ensures ethical online communication.

Question 12
Case Study on Digital Identity and Media Convergence

Answer:

(i) Identification of Concern

Loss of privacy is a major concern related to digital identity.

(ii) Pressures Faced by Individuals

Pressure to maintain a constant online presence.
Pressure to seek validation through likes and shares.

(iii) Role of Media Literacy

Media literacy helps understand digital identity construction.
It encourages critical evaluation of content.
It promotes responsible sharing.
It helps manage digital footprints.