Exercise No: 09 Date:27-03-2024

Title of the Exercise: Computational Hydrodynamic Investigations of the Hydro-Rotor

using Single Moving Reference Approach in ANSYS Fluent 23

STEP 1: INTRODUCTION
a) Objective of The Exercise
➢ To find out the hydrodynamic force on the Hydro-Rotor and the induced velocity by
the Hydro-Rotor using ANSYS Fluent 23.
➢ To plot the aerodynamic velocity and pressure in and over the Hydro-Rotor using
ANSYS Fluent 23.

STEP 2: ACQUISITION
a) Facilities required to do the exercise
ANSYS Workbench Fluent Tool - Version 23

b) Problem Description
For this comprehensive investigation, a Hydro-Propeller is chosen as base. The inlet
velocity is assumed as 25 m/s with the rotational speed of 1000 RPM for the CFD
investigation. The frontal projection of Hydro-Propeller is revealed in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Systematic frontal projection of Hydro-Propeller

c) Procedure for doing the exercise.

Step1: Open Ansys workbench in the system.

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Step 2: Enable the Ansys fluent form the workbench.

Step3: In geometry section

File →import external geometry → select the respective geometry→ok.

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Step 3.1: create two enclosures.
• Tools→ Enclosure →shape (cylinder) →cylinder alignment(x-
axis)→Radius(15mm)→ +ve direction (5 mm) → -ve direction(5mm)

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• Tools→ Enclosure →shape (cylinder) →cylinder alignment(x-
axis)→Radius(300mm)→ +ve direction (500 mm) → -ve direction(1200mm)

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Step3.2: perform Boolean operation.
• Create→Boolean →operation (subtract)→tool bodies (imported model -
propeller)→target bodies(enclosure1)→preserve body(no).
Rename the part →smrf
• Create→Boolean →operation (subtract)→tool bodies (smrf)→target
bodies(enclosure2)→preserve body(yes).
Exit from design modeler.

Step4: In Mesh section,

Mesh → Adaptive sizing (No)→element size (20 mm)→Capture curvature(yes)

Mesh Details

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Step 4.1: create named section.

Select the face→ create named selection →Inlet → insert.

Select the face→ create named selection → Wall → insert.

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Select the face→ create named selection → Outlet → insert.

Select the face→ create named selection → SMRF → insert.

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Step5: open the setup section.
In General, → type(pressure-based) → time (steady).

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In Model → k-epsilon → enhanced wall treatment
Set acoustic→bandwidth

In cell zone conditions →fixed frame→material name(water-liquid).

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In cell zone conditions →rotatinf frame→material name(water-liquid) →frame
motion→speed→1000 rev/min→ rotation axis direction→ z (1).

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In boundary conditions → inlet (25 m/s)

Select → wall →specified shear.

Select →smrf wall →moving wall →rotational→speed→1000 rev/min.

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In method → scheme(coupled) →gradient (least square cell based) →pressure (second order)
→momentum (second order) →turbulent (second order).

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In Initialization → hybrid initialization →initialize

In calculation → iteration (10000) →calculate.

STEP 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Pressure contour on propeller.

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 Pressure contour for propeller with respect to fluid domain.

Velocity contour for propeller with respect to fluid domain.

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The hydrodynamic force on the Hydro-Rotor.
STEP 4: PRACTICES / VIVA QUESTIONS

a. Describe single moving reference frame and multiple moving reference frame.

Single Moving Reference Frame (SMRF): A method in fluid dynamics simulations where
one component's motion, like rotation or translation, is considered. It simplifies by fixing this
component's frame of reference.

Multiple Moving Reference Frames (MFRF): Used when multiple components move
independently within a domain. Each component has its own fixed frame of reference,
allowing simulations of complex systems with multiple moving parts.

b. Differentiate moving mesh and moving frame approaches.

PARAMETERS MOVING MESH MOVING FRAME

Deforms the mesh
locally to Translates or rotates the entire
Mesh deformation accommodate moving computational domain without
boundaries or deforming the mesh.
interfaces.
Allows for flexible Limited to cases where the
representation of complex entire domain moves
Boundary Representation boundary motion, suitable for uniformly, such as rotating
fluid-structure interactions or machinery or translating
moving obstacles. vehicles.
Lower computational cost as
Higher computational cost due it does not require mesh
Computational Cost to frequent mesh updates and deformation, making it
local deformation. simpler and more efficient for
cases of global motion.

c. Write down the formulae for propeller thrust and mechanical power required by
the propeller.

The formulae for propeller thrust and mechanical power required by the propeller
are as follows:

1. Propeller Thrust (T):

T = ṁ . (Ve - Vo)

Where:

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 1. T is the thrust generated by the propeller.
2. ṁ is the mass flow rate of air through the propeller.
3. Ve is the exit velocity of the air behind the propeller.
4. Vo is the freestream velocity ahead of the propeller.

2. Mechanical Power (P):

P=T.V

Where:

1. P is the mechanical power required by the propeller.

2. T is the thrust generated by the propeller.
3. V is the velocity of the aircraft or vehicle.

d. How to determine operating pressure for hydrodynamic computation?

1. To determine operating pressure for hydrodynamic computation:
2. Define boundary conditions, including inlet and outlet pressures.
3. Consider fluid properties, flow regime, and desired accuracy.
4. Ensure the operating pressure satisfies conservation of mass and energy
principles.
5. Adjust iteratively based on simulation results to achieve desired convergence
and accuracy

e. How to change the density of the hydrodynamic fluid in ANSYS Fluent?

1. Define Material: Specify the properties of the fluid using the "Define
Material Properties" panel. This includes density, viscosity, thermal conductivity,
etc.
2. Edit Density: Enter the desired density value for the fluid in the material
properties panel.
3. Update Simulation: After changing the density, update the simulation
settings to ensure the new density value is applied to the entire domain.
4. Re-run Simulation: Re-run the simulation with the updated material
properties to observe the effects of the density change on the flow behavior.

***** END OF THE EXERCISE *****

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