Standard Normal (Z) Table

Area between 0 and z

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

0.000 0.004 0.0080 0.012 0.016 0.019 0.0239 0.027 0.031

0 0 0 0 9 9 9

0.039 0.043 0.0478 0.051 0.055 0.059 0.0636 0.067 0.071

8 8 7 7 6 5 4

0.079 0.083 0.0871 0.091 0.094 0.098 0.1026 0.106 0.110

3 2 0 8 7 4 3

0.117 0.121 0.1255 0.129 0.133 0.136 0.1406 0.144 0.148

9 7 3 1 8 3 0

0.155 0.159 0.1628 0.166 0.170 0.173 0.1772 0.180 0.184

4 1 4 0 6 8 4

0.191 0.195 0.1985 0.201 0.205 0.208 0.2123 0.215 0.219

5 0 9 4 8 7 0

0.225 0.229 0.2324 0.235 0.238 0.242 0.2454 0.248 0.251

7 1 7 9 2 6 7

0.258 0.261 0.2642 0.267 0.270 0.273 0.2764 0.279 0.282

0 1 3 4 4 4 3

0.288 0.291 0.2939 0.296 0.299 0.302 0.3051 0.307 0.310

1 0 7 5 3 8 6

0.315 0.318 0.3212 0.323 0.326 0.328 0.3315 0.334 0.336

9 6 8 4 9 0 5

0.341 0.343 0.3461 0.348 0.350 0.353 0.3554 0.357 0.359

3 8 5 8 1 7 9
0.364 0.366 0.3686 0.370 0.372 0.374 0.3770 0.379 0.381
3 5 8 9 9 0 0

0.384 0.386 0.3888 0.390 0.392 0.394 0.3962 0.398 0.399

9 9 7 5 4 0 7

0.403 0.404 0.4066 0.408 0.409 0.411 0.4131 0.414 0.416

2 9 2 9 5 7 2

0.419 0.420 0.4222 0.423 0.425 0.426 0.4279 0.429 0.430

2 7 6 1 5 2 6

0.433 0.434 0.4357 0.437 0.438 0.439 0.4406 0.441 0.442

2 5 0 2 4 8 9

0.445 0.446 0.4474 0.448 0.449 0.450 0.4515 0.452 0.453

2 3 4 5 5 5 5

0.455 0.456 0.4573 0.458 0.459 0.459 0.4608 0.461 0.462

4 4 2 1 9 6 5

0.464 0.464 0.4656 0.466 0.467 0.467 0.4686 0.469 0.469

1 9 4 1 8 3 9

0.471 0.471 0.4726 0.473 0.473 0.474 0.4750 0.475 0.476

3 9 2 8 4 6 1

0.477 0.477 0.4783 0.478 0.479 0.479 0.4803 0.480 0.481

2 8 8 3 8 8 2

0.482 0.482 0.4830 0.483 0.483 0.484 0.4846 0.485 0.485

1 6 4 8 2 0 4

0.486 0.486 0.4868 0.487 0.487 0.487 0.4881 0.488 0.488

1 4 1 5 8 4 7

0.489 0.489 0.4898 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.4909 0.491 0.491

3 6 1 4 6 1 3

0.491 0.492 0.4922 0.492 0.492 0.492 0.4931 0.493 0.493

8 0 5 7 9 2 4

0.493 0.494 0.4941 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.4948 0.494 0.495

8 0 3 5 6 9 1
 0.495 0.495 0.4956 0.495 0.495 0.496 0.4961 0.496 0.496
3 5 7 9 0 2 3

0.496 0.496 0.4967 0.496 0.496 0.497 0.4971 0.497 0.497

5 6 8 9 0 2 3

0.497 0.497 0.4976 0.497 0.497 0.497 0.4979 0.497 0.498

4 5 7 7 8 9 0

0.498 0.498 0.4982 0.498 0.498 0.498 0.4985 0.498 0.498

1 2 3 4 4 5 6

0.498 0.498 0.4987 0.498 0.498 0.498 0.4989 0.498 0.499

7 7 8 8 9 9 0

0.09
0.0 0.0359 0.1 0.0753 0.2 0.1141 0.3 0.1517 0.4 0.1879 0.5 0.2224 0.6 0.2549 0.7 0.2852 0.8 0.3133 0.9 0.3389 1.0 0.3621 1.1 0.3830 1.2 0.4015 1.3 0.4177 1.4
0.4319 1.5 0.4441 1.6 0.4545 1.7 0.4633 1.8 0.4706 1.9 0.4767 2.0 0.4817 2.1 0.4857 2.2 0.4890 2.3 0.4916 2.4 0.4936 2.5 0.4952 2.6 0.4964 2.7 0.4974 2.8
0.4981 2.9 0.4986 3.0 0.4990
 t table with right tail probabilities

df\p 0.40 0.25 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0005 1 0.324920 1.000000 3.077684 6.313752 12.70620

31.82052 63.65674 636.6192 2 0.288675 0.816497 1.885618 2.919986 4.30265 6.96456 9.92484 31.5991 3

0.276671 0.764892 1.637744 2.353363 3.18245 4.54070 5.84091 12.9240 4 0.270722 0.740697 1.533206

2.131847 2.77645 3.74695 4.60409 8.6103 5 0.267181 0.726687 1.475884 2.015048 2.57058 3.36493

4.03214 6.8688

6 0.264835 0.717558 1.439756 1.943180 2.44691 3.14267 3.70743 5.9588 7 0.263167 0.711142

1.414924 1.894579 2.36462 2.99795 3.49948 5.4079 8 0.261921 0.706387 1.396815 1.859548 2.30600

2.89646 3.35539 5.0413 9 0.260955 0.702722 1.383029 1.833113 2.26216 2.82144 3.24984 4.7809 10

0.260185 0.699812 1.372184 1.812461 2.22814 2.76377 3.16927 4.5869

11 0.259556 0.697445 1.363430 1.795885 2.20099 2.71808 3.10581 4.4370 12 0.259033 0.695483

1.356217 1.782288 2.17881 2.68100 3.05454 4.3178 13 0.258591 0.693829 1.350171 1.770933 2.16037

2.65031 3.01228 4.2208 14 0.258213 0.692417 1.345030 1.761310 2.14479 2.62449 2.97684 4.1405 15

0.257885 0.691197 1.340606 1.753050 2.13145 2.60248 2.94671 4.0728

16 0.257599 0.690132 1.336757 1.745884 2.11991 2.58349 2.92078 4.0150 17 0.257347 0.689195

1.333379 1.739607 2.10982 2.56693 2.89823 3.9651 18 0.257123 0.688364 1.330391 1.734064 2.10092

2.55238 2.87844 3.9216 19 0.256923 0.687621 1.327728 1.729133 2.09302 2.53948 2.86093 3.8834 20

0.256743 0.686954 1.325341 1.724718 2.08596 2.52798 2.84534 3.8495

Source: [Link]

Like the Student's t-Distribution, the Chi-square distribtuion's shape is determined by its degrees of freedom. The animation above shows the
shape of the Chi-square distribution as the degrees of freedom increase (1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50). For examples of tests of hypothesis which use the
Chi-square distribution, see Statistics in crosstabulation tables in the Basic Statistics and Tables chapter as well as the Nonlinear Estimation
chapter. See also, Chi-square Distribution. As shown in the illustration below, the values inside this table are critical values of the Chi-square
distribution with the corresponding degrees of freedom. To determine the value from a Chi-square distribution (with a specific degree of freedom)
which has a given area above it, go to the given area column and the desired degree of freedom row. For example, the .25 critical value for a
Chi-square with 4 degrees of freedom is 5.38527. This means that the area to the right of 5.38527 in a Chi-square distribution with 4 degrees of
freedom is .25.

Right tail areas for the Chi-square Distribution

.995 .990 .975 .950 .900 .750 .500 .250 .100 .050 .025 .010

0.00004 0.00016 0.00098 0.00393 0.01579 0.10153 0.45494 1.32330 2.7055 3.84146 5.02389 6.63490
4

0.01003 0.02010 0.05064 0.10259 0.21072 0.57536 1.38629 2.77259 4.6051 5.99146 7.37776 9.21034
7

0.07172 0.11483 0.21580 0.35185 0.58437 1.21253 2.36597 4.10834 6.25139 7.81473 9.34840 11.3448
7

0.20699 0.29711 0.48442 0.71072 1.06362 1.92256 3.35669 5.38527 7.7794 9.48773 11.1432 13.2767
4 9 0

0.41174 0.55430 0.83121 1.14548 1.61031 2.67460 4.35146 6.62568 9.2363 11.0705 12.8325 15.0862
6 0 0 7

df\area .005 1 7.87944 2 10.59663 3 12.83816 4 14.86026 5 16.74960

 0.67573 0.87209 1.23734 1.63538 2.20413 3.45460 5.34812 7.84080 10.6446 12.5915 14.4493 16.8118
4 9 8 9

0.98926 1.23904 1.68987 2.16735 2.83311 4.25485 6.34581 9.03715 12.0170 14.0671 16.0127 18.4753
4 4 6 1

1.34441 1.64650 2.17973 2.73264 3.48954 5.07064 7.34412 10.2188 13.3615 15.5073 17.5345 20.0902
5 7 1 5 4

1.73493 2.08790 2.70039 3.32511 4.16816 5.89883 8.34283 11.3887 14.6836 16.9189 19.0227 21.6659
5 6 8 7 9

2.15586 2.55821 3.24697 3.94030 4.86518 6.73720 9.34182 12.5488 15.9871 18.3070 20.4831 23.2092
6 8 4 8 5

6 18.54758 7 20.27774 8 21.95495 9 23.58935 10 25.18818

2.60322 3.05348 3.81575 4.57481 5.57778 7.58414 10.3410 13.7006 17.2750 19.6751 21.9200 24.7249
0 9 1 4 5 7

3.07382 3.57057 4.40379 5.22603 6.30380 8.43842 11.3403 14.8454 18.5493 21.0260 23.3366 26.2169
2 0 5 7 6 7

3.56503 4.10692 5.00875 5.89186 7.04150 9.29907 12.3397 15.9839 19.8119 22.3620 24.7356 27.6882
6 1 3 3 0 5

4.07467 4.66043 5.62873 6.57063 7.78953 10.1653 13.3392 17.1169 21.0641 23.6847 26.1189 29.1412
1 7 3 4 9 5 4

4.60092 5.22935 6.26214 7.26094 8.54676 11.0365 14.3388 18.2450 22.3071 24.9957 27.4883 30.5779
4 6 9 3 9 9 1

11 26.75685 12 28.29952 13 29.81947 14 31.31935 15 32.80132

5.14221 5.81221 6.90766 7.96165 9.31224 11.9122 15.3385 19.3688 23.5418 26.2962 28.8453 31.9999
2 0 6 3 3 5 3

5.69722 6.40776 7.56419 8.67176 10.0851 12.7919 16.3381 20.4886 24.7690 27.5871 30.1910 33.4086
9 3 8 8 4 1 1 6

6.26480 7.01491 8.23075 9.39046 10.8649 13.6752 17.3379 21.6048 25.9894 28.8693 31.5263 34.8053
4 9 0 9 2 0 8 1

6.84397 7.63273 8.90652 10.1170 11.6509 14.5620 18.3376 22.7178 27.2035 30.1435 32.8523 36.1908
 1 1 0 5 1 7 3 3 7

7.43384 8.26040 9.59078 10.8508 12.4426 15.4517 19.3374 23.8276 28.4119 31.4104 34.1696 37.5662
1 1 7 3 9 8 3 1 3

16 34.26719 17 35.71847 18 37.15645 19 38.58226 20 39.99685

8.03365 8.89720 10.2829 11.5913 13.2396 16.3443 20.3372 24.9347 29.6150 32.6705 35.4788 38.9321
0 1 0 8 3 8 9 7 8 7

21 41.40106
h
The F distribution is a right-skewed distribution used most commonly in Analysis of Variance (see ANOVA/MANOVA). T square

distributions, and a specific F distribution is denoted by the degrees of freedom for the numerator Chi-square and the denominator
( r
Chi-square. An example of the F 10,10) distribution is shown in the animation above. When referencing the F dist freedom are always
( q
given first, as switching the order of degrees of freedom changes the distribution (e.g., F 10,12) does not e below, the rows represent
g
denominator degrees of freedom and the columns represent numerator degrees of freedom. The ri table. For example, to determine the
.05 critical value for an F distribution with 10 and 12 degrees of freedom, look in the 10 (denominator) of the F Table for alpha=.05.
(
F .05, 10, 12) = 2.7534.
30
62.264
9.457

5.1681
3.817

3.174

2.799

2.555

2.383

2.254

2.155
2.076

2.011

1.957

1.911

1.872

F Distribution Tables
 .
F Table for alpha=.10
2 6 9. 5. 3. 3
4 2. 4 1 8 .
0 4 7 3 1
0 9 6 0 9
2 6 3 9 0
2 6 9
0 5
5 2

2 6 9. 5. 3. 3
0 1. 4 1 8 .
7 4 8 4 2
4 1 4 4 0
0 3 4 3 6
2 1 8 4 6
9 5

1 6 9. 5. 3. 3
5 1. 4 2 8 .
2 2 0 7 2
2 4 0 0 3
0 7 3 3 8
3 1 1 6 0
4 1

1 6 9. 5. 3. 3
2 0. 4 2 8 .
7 0 1 9 2
0 8 5 5 6
5 1 6 5 8
2 3 2 3 2
1 4
1 6 9. 5. 3. 3
0 0. 3 2 9 .
1 9 3 1 2
9 1 0 9 9
4 5 4 8 7
9 7 1 8 4
8 0

9 5 9. 5. 3. 3
9. 3 2 9 .
8 8 4 3 3
5 0 0 5 1
7 5 0 6 6
5 4 0 7 2
9 8

8 5 9. 5. 3. 3
9. 3 2 9 .
4 6 5 5 3
3 6 1 4 3
8 7 6 9 9
9 7 7 4 2
8 8

7 5 9. 5. 3. 3
8. 3 2 9 .
9 4 6 7 3
0 9 6 8 6
5 0 1 9 7
9 8 9 7 9
5 0

6 5 9. 5. 4. 3
8. 3 2 0 .
 2 2 8 0 4
0 5 4 9 0
4 5 7 7 4
4 3 3 5 5
2 1

5 5 9. 5. 4. 3
7. 2 3 0 .
2 9 0 5 4
4 2 9 0 5
0 6 1 5 2
0 3 6 8 9
8 8

4 5 9. 5. 4. 3
5. 2 3 1 .
8 4 4 0 5
3 3 2 7 2
2 4 6 2 0
9 2 4 5 2
6 0

3 5 9. 5. 4. 3
3. 1 3 1 .
5 6 9 9 6
9 1 0 0 1
3 7 7 8 9
2 9 7 6 4
4 8

2 4 9. 5. 4. 3
9. 0 4 3 .
5 0 6 2 7
0 0 2 4 7
 0 0 3 5 9
0 0 8 6 7
0 2

1 3 8. 5. 4. 4
9. 5 5 5 .
8 2 3 4 0
6 6 8 4 6
3 3 3 7 0
4 2 2 7 4
6 2

df 1 2 3 4 5
2/
df
1

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
8 5 4 2 .
1 7 0 7 1
8 5 4 6 7
3 3 1 8 8
4 3 0 3
4
3

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
8 5 4 2 .
3 9 2 9 2
6 4 4 8 0
3 7 6 3 0
4 3 4 2 7
4
2. 2. 2. 2. 2
8 6 4 3 .
7 3 6 3 2
1 2 4 9 4
2 2 2 6 3
2 3 2 2 5
1

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
9 6 5 3 .
0 6 0 7 2
4 8 1 8 8
7 1 9 8 4
2 1 6 8 0
5

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
9 7 5 4 .
3 0 3 1 3
6 2 8 6 2
9 5 0 3 2
3 1 4 2 6
0

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
9 7 5 4 .
5 2 6 4 3
7 4 1 0 4
7 6 2 3 7
4 8 4 4 3
1

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
9 7 5 4 .
8 5 8 6 3
3 1 9 9 7
0 5 3 4 7
4 8 5 1 1
5

3. 2. 2. 2. 2
0 7 6 5 .
1 8 2 0 4
4 4 4 5 1
4 9 1 3 3
6 3 3 1 9
7

3. 2. 2. 2. 2
0 8 6 5 .
5 2 6 5 4
4 7 8 0 6
5 3 3 8 0
5 9 3 6 5
8

3. 2. 2. 2. 2
1 8 7 6 .
0 8 2 1 5
7 3 6 0 2
5 3 4 6 1
1 4 5 1 6
4

3. 2. 2. 2. 2
1 9 8 6 .
8 6 0 9 6
0 0 6 2 0
7 5 4 6 5
6 3 3 8 3
4

3. 3. 2. 2. 2
2 0 9 8 .
8 7 2 1 7
8 4 3 2 2
7 0 8 8 7
6 7 0 6 6
7

3. 3. 3. 3. 2
4 2 1 0 .
6 5 1 0 9
3 7 3 6 2
3 4 1 4 4
0 4 2 5 4
7

3. 3. 3. 3. 3
7 5 4 3 .
7 8 5 6 2
5 9 7 0 8
9 4 9 3 5
5 3 2 0 0
2

6 7 8 9 1
0

2. 2. 1. 1. 1
1 0 9 9 .
0 3 8 3 8
0 5 2 7 9
0 9 7 6 9
1 9 2 6
0
4

2. 2. 2. 1. 1
1 0 0 9 .
2 5 0 6 9
3 9 6 2 2
0 6 9 4 4
5 8 8 5 3
1

2. 2. 2. 2. 1
1 1 0 0 .
6 0 5 0 9
7 4 3 9 7
0 8 1 5 2
9 5 6 3 2
2

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
2 1 0 0 .
0 4 9 5 0
8 7 6 3 1
7 4 5 7 7
3 4 9 1 0
7

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
2 1 1 0 .
4 8 3 9 0
8 7 7 5 5
2 7 6 4 9
3 6 3 0 3
2

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
2 2 1 1 .
7 1 6 2 0
3 3 3 1 8
5 5 8 9 6
0 2 2 5 2
1

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
3 2 1 1 .
0 4 9 5 1
4 4 5 3 1
0 5 3 9 8
0 7 5 0 5
3

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
3 2 2 1 .
4 8 3 9 1
1 2 4 3 5
5 7 1 1 8
7 8 0 3 1
8

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
3 3 2 2 .
8 3 8 4 2
9 1 2 2 0
0 0 9 5 8
7 2 8 6 0
8

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
4 3 3 3 .
5 9 4 0 2
1 4 6 6 7
1 0 7 9 3
8 2 2 4 0
2

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
5 4 4 3 .
3 8 3 9 3
6 0 3 4 6
1 1 7 6 1
9 0 1 9 4
3

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
6 6 5 5 .
6 0 6 2 4
0 5 0 2 8
2 5 2 2 9
3 2 7 2 7
9

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
8 8 7 7 .
5 0 6 2 6
9 6 3 6 9
5 8 1 4 5
1 0 7 7 1
7
 3. 3. 3. 3. 3
2 1 1 1 .
2 7 3 0 0
5 6 6 2 7
2 5 2 2 3
0 5 1 1 1
9

1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5

1.838

1.809

1.782

1.759

1.738

1.719

1.702

1.686

1.6721
1.658

1.646

1.635

1.6251
1.615

1.606

1.541

1.475

1.409

1.3411.38318
1. 1. 1. 1. 2 0 7 5 9 3 3 5 3 5 1 0 4 0 0
8 8 8 7 8 0 6 5 3 3 9 8 6 3 5 6 3 8 8
3. 3. 3. 2. 2
6 3 1 8 7 1 9 9 7 6 2 3
0 0 0 9
5 6 0 7 6 5 4 8 3 7
2. 2. 2. 2. 2 4 2 0 8 9 1. 1. 1. 1. 1
5 2 3 3 6 4
6 4 5 1 2 2 1 1 8 6 6 9 7 8 8 8 8 .
6
7 2. 2. 2. 1. 4 1 9 7 1 2 9 9 4 7 5 4 3 8
0 0 0 9 3 8 5 5 5 1 3 8 0 6 4 9 4 1 2
1. 1. 1. 1.
5 2 0 8 9 7 2 8 9 8 5 9 2 9 9 0
8 8 8 8
5 8 4 3 6 6 5 3 6 2 7 5 7 4 0
9 6 3 1 7 1 1 1 1 2
3 3 6 6 4 3 0
1 2 6 4 9 6 7 8 9 0
3 9 7 4 8
2 3 8 1 3 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 1. 1. 1. 1. 1
5
7 6 5 6 8 3 3 2 2 9 9 8 8 .
4 2. 2. 2. 2. 3 0 8 6 2 1 0 9 7 8
1. 1. 1.
0 0 0 0 2 7 5 6 4 9 4 0 7 6
1. 1. 1. 1. 7 7 7
8 6 3 1 9 7 7 7 3 8 6 2 2 4 5
9 9 8 8 4 3 1
7 1 7 7 9 4 5 7 0 9 7 5 5 8 7
3 1 8 6 8 8 1 5
9 3 8 1 8 3 8
9 1 6 4 4 0 2 8
8 4 9 0 5 7 2 8
9 6 8 7 4 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 1. 1. 1. 1. 1
3
2 9 1 1 9 4 4 4 3 9 9 9 9 .
4 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 6 3 1 9 3 4 3 1 0 8
1. 1. 1.
1 1 0 0 1 7 6 7 8 7 2 8 6 9
7 7 7
1. 1. 1. 1.
2 0 7 5 0 8 4 0 0 0 9 7 8 2 4
7 5 4
9 9 9 9
8 1 8 8 3 1 3 1 2 0 7 3 8 5 6
5 8 3
8 5 3 1 8
0 6 5 0 9 9 9
5 9 9
5 7 3 1 9
0 9 4 2 7
5 9 2
3 7 3 7 2 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 1. 1. 1. 1. 1
0
9 2 4 0 3 6 6 6 6 9 9 9 9 .
6 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 6 4 2 0 5 8 6 5 4 9
1. 1. 1.
1 1 1 1 8 4 3 5 8 1 6 3 0 2
8 8 7
2. 2. 1. 1.
7 5 2 0 0 1 6 9 6 9 8 8 1 6 9
2 1 9
0 0 9 9
8 2 9 9 9 7 4 5 1 2 6 0 2 6 2
7 1 6
 2
2. 2. 2. 1. 8 7 6 5 0
3 3 3 8 2 2 4 6 4
2. 2. 1.
6 5 3 8 1 9 4 5 9
1.
0 0 9
4 1 8 4 8 8 7 8 2
7
2 0 9
8 1 7 0 5
0
3 8 4
9 7 3 7
5
2 4 9 2. 2. 2. 2. 2
8
5 0 2 1 1 1 1 .
9
2. 2. 2. 1. 7 6 5 4 1
5 5 5 9 4 5 7 9 4
2. 2. 2.
7 6 4 1 4 4 1 4 2
1.
0 0 0
4 1 9 8 7 6 4 1 2
7
7 6 4
5 3 2 7 3
5
5 0 7
7 1 9 6
9
1 5 2 2. 2. 2. 2. 2
5
2 0 3 3 2 2 2 .
7
2. 2. 2. 1. 0 9 9 8 2
9 9 9 9 7 8 0 3 7
2. 2. 2.
6 4 3 6 4 7 6 0 6
1.
1 1 1
0 8 7 1 9 1 0 7 0
8
4 2 1
9 5 3 0 7
0
2 7 4
6 8 6 4
9
3 9 9 2. 2. 2. 2. 2
0
1 4 1 5 5 5 4 .
2
2 2 2 2. 1 1 0 9 4
1 2 3 0 9 0 2 5 8
2. 2. 2.
1 1 6 7 4 8
1.
2 2 2
3 0 1 6 8 7
8
3 1 0
8 2
5
3 9 6 1.
9
5
3 2 5 6 2. 2. 2. 2. 2
0
4 7 1 7 9 9 8 8 .
3
7 2. 0 0 9 8 8
1 0 9 1 3 7 8
 1 1. 1. 1. 2 8 4 1. 1. 1. 0 3 7
3 6 6 5 9 0 2 9 9 8 3 2 3
6 0 4 0 2 5 9 4 9 7 5 4
2 3 5 6 5 5
2 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2.
4 3 0 8 7 8
6 8 7 7 8 7 7
1 7 0 2 1 7
2 7 2 3 9 4
1. 1. 1. 8 4 1 2. 2. 1. 5 1 7
7 6 6 8 8 9 0 0 9 3 0 8
1. 1. 1.
1 5 0 6 3 6 9 4 9 5 7 1
5 5 4
4 7 1 0 0 2
7 1 4 1. 1. 1. 4 6 1
5 4 2 9 9 3
4 0 7 8 8 7 0 0 2
6 3 0 5 9 0
1 7 2 7 1 6 0
1 2 3
1. 1. 1. 2 9 7 2. 2. 2.
7 7 6 5 3 4 2 1 1
1. 1. 1.
6 0 5 2 9 8 2 7 2
6 5 4 1.42060 1.48714
2 7 2 6 7 9
0 4 8 1.54578 1.59872
1. 1. 1.
6 0 3 0 4 9
5 3 2 1.63152 1.67020
9 8 8
9 1 8 9 1 9
1 4 0 1.71672 1.77411
2 7 2
5 9 7 1.84727 1.94486
1. 1. 1. 6 4 3 2. 2. 2.
2.08380 2.30259
7 7 6 8 7 8 4 3 3
2.70554 inf
9 3 8 8 2 1 4 9 4

30
250.09
19.46

8.61

5.74

4.49

3.80

3.37
3.07

2.86

2.69

2.57

2.46

2.38

2.30

2.24

2.19

2.14

2.10

2.071

2.03
 .
F Table for alpha=.05
2 2 1 8. 5. 4
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9. 4 3 7 5
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5 4 7
1 2
1
8

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8. 4 6 0 5
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1

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5. 4 0 5 6
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9 1 8
9

1 2 1 8. 5. 4
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7

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3

8 2 1 8. 6. 4
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8. 3 4 4 8
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4

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0

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9

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2
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3

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0

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6

df 1 2 3 4 5
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df
1

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7
2

3. 3. 3. 2. 2
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0

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3 1 1 0 8
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0

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9 7 8 7 9
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0

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2

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4

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7

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5

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2

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8

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0

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3

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8

5. 5. 5. 5. 4
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8 9 1 1 9
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6

6 7 8 9 1
0

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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0 0 2 4 2
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7
8

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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5

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1 1 3 6 4
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4

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6 6 7 2 5
3

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7

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9 9 1 4 5
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6

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8

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6

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9 9 1 4 7
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5

3. 3. 3. 2. 2
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3

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7 2 1 2 5
6

3. 3. 3. 3. 3
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8 9 1 4 2
7 0 0 3 8
4 3 5 9 7
4

3. 3. 3. 3. 3
9 8 8 7 .
8 8 0 3 6
2 5 5 8 8
3 3 6 9 2
3

4. 4. 4. 4. 4
8 7 6 6 .
4 4 6 0 5
4 7 7 0 4
3 2 2 1 3
1

1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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3 8 4 1 0
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4 8 7 1
2
5

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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7 3 9 5 1
5 0 0 5 2
6 4 6 5 4
2

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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3

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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2 8 4 0 2
4 0 2 8 7
7 7 1 0 7
6

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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9 4 1 7 3
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5 9 7 9 7
9

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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3 9 5 2 3
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7 3 3 7 2
8

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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9 4 1 7 4
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1 0 2 8 7
1

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
6 6 5 5 .
5 1 7 4 5
7 4 6 3 1
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0

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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1 8 1 8 9
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0

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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5 1 7 4 7
2 0 2 0 1
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9

3. 2. 2. 2. 2
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6 4 7 5 6
9 7 7 1 6
1

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3 9 5 2 0
8 6 9 7 9
9 8 9 4 8
4

3. 3. 3. 3. 3
6 5 5 5 .
3 9 5 2 4
3 1 4 1 9
7 5 6 9 2
8

4. 4. 4. 4. 4
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9 5 1 8 3
4 1 3 0 5
0 3 9 7 1
2

1 1 1 1 2
6 7 8 9 0

2.01

1.98

1.96
1.93

1.91

1.901

1.88

1.86

1.85

1.84

1.74

1.64

1.55

1.451.5173

2. 2. 2. 1. 1
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5 2 0 8 9
4 8 5 3 6
0 3 0 8
4
3

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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9 7 4 2 0
6 0 7 6 0
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5

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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7 5 2 0 0
5 0 8 7 8
7 8 2 7 8
9
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5 2 0 8 1
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9

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5

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6 4 2 0 2
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1

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1

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8 6 4 2 4
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7
2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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7 4 2 0 4
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4

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
6 6 6 6 .
8 6 4 2 6
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0

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
8 8 7 7 .
4 1 9 7 7
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1 7 5 3 8
7

3. 3. 3. 3. 2
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7 4 2 0 9
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2

3. 3. 3. 3. 3
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2
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7

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1 2 3 4 5

1. 1. 1. 1. 1
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7
4

1. 1. 1. 1. 1
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8 7 5 4 9
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7

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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8

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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1

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6

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6 5 3 2 2
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7

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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2

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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8 7 5 4 3
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3 2 3 3 4
3

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
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7 5 4 3 4
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1 1 3 4 0
5

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
5 5 5 5 .
8 7 5 4 5
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6

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
7 7 7 7 .
4 2 1 0 6
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6 8 1 4 9
6

2. 2. 2. 2. 2
9 9 9 9 .
7 6 4 3 9
5 0 6 4 2
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3

3. 3. 3. 3. 3
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6 5 4 2 3
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8
4. 4. 4. 4. 4
2 2 1 1 .
2 1 9 8 1
5 0 6 3 7
2 0 0 0 0
9

2 2 2 2 3
6 7 8 9 0

1. 1. 1.
7 7 6
9 0 0
2 0 8
9 1 4

1. 1. 1.
8 7 6
3 4 5
8 8 8
9 0 7

1. 1. 1.
9 8 7
2 3 5
4 6 0
5 4 5

2. 1. 1.
0 9 8
0 1 3
3 7 3
5 4 7
2. 1. 1.
0 9 9
7 9 1
7 2 0
2 6 5

2. 2. 1.
1 0 9
2 4 5
4 0 8
0 1 8

2. 2. 2.
1 0 0
8 9 1
0 7 6
2 0 4

2. 2. 2.
2 1 0
4 6 8
9 6 6
0 5 8

2. 2. 2.
3 2 1
3 5 7
5 4 5
9 1 0

2. 2. 2.
4 3 2
4 6 8
9 8 9
 5 3 9

2. 2. 2.
6 5 4
0 2 4
6 5 7
0 2 2

2. 2. 2.
8 7 6
3 5 8
8 8 0
7 1 2

3. 3. 3.
2 1 0
3 5 7
1 0 1
7 4 8

4. 4. 3.
0 0 9
8 0 2
4 1 0
7 2 1

4 6 1
0 0 2
0

1.5705 1.6664 1.7522 1.8307 1.8799 1.9384 2.0096 2.0986 2.2141 2.3719 2.6049 2.9957 3.8415 inf

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