Final Revision Biology Exercise Model Dr.

Mona Hamdy

MCQs:
1. What are tissues made of?
a) Clusters of atoms
b) Similar cells
c) Molecules
d) Organelles
2. Which of the following consists of two or more tissues performing specialized functions?
a) Cells
b) Organs
c) Tissues
d) Molecules
3. A population consists of:
a) All individuals of a species in a specific area
b) Different species living together in an ecosystem
c) Groups of organs performing functions
d) Membrane-bound structures inside cells
4. Which level of organization includes different populations?
a) Community
b) Population
c) Organism
d) Organ system
5. The total of all chemical reactions in an organism is called:
a) Energy processing
b) Metabolism
c) Biosphere
d) Ecosystem
6. What is required for energy processing?
a) Molecule breakdown and synthesis
b) Communities forming ecosystems
c) Biosphere stability
d) Elimination of chemical reactions
7. Regulation refers to:
a) Maintaining an internal environment consistent with life
b) The movement of an organism
c) Development of a simple organism into a complex one
d) Reacting to external stimul

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8. Natural selection refers to:
a) Organisms adapting to an environment over time
b) The direct process of reproduction
c) Maintaining an internal environment
d) Passing traits without changes
9. How do consumers obtain energy?
a) By photosynthesis
b) By eating other organisms
c) By releasing oxygen
d) By producing carbon dioxide
10. Decomposers obtain energy by breaking down:
a) Water and carbon dioxide
b) Waste products and dead bodies
c) Food and oxygen
d) Sunlight and minerals
11. What is the correct format for writing scientific names in the binomial system?
a) Both names are italicized
b) The first name is italicized, and the second is in regular font
c) The first name is capitalized, and the second is lowercase
d) Both names are underlined
12. The binomial system classifies organisms into two categories, which are:
a) Family and Kingdom
b) Genus and Species
c) Phylum and Class
d) Order and Family
13. Which of the following comes after Class in the hierarchical system?
a) Family
b) Order
c) Phylum
d) Kingdom
14. Fungi are primarily characterized by their cell walls made of:
a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Keratin
d) Protein
15. The kingdom Protista includes which of the following?
a) Mosses
b) Protozoa and water molds
c) Mushrooms
d) Ferns

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16. Trace elements are:
a) Elements required in large quantities
b) Elements required in very small quantities
c) Not essential for life
d) Only present in plants
17. Living organisms are primarily composed of _______ elements.
a) 10
b) 25
c) 92
d) 50
18. The body's ability to transport oxygen depends on the presence of _______.
a) Iodine
b) Iron
c) Calcium
d) Magnesium
19. Living cells cannot distinguish between:

a) Isotopes of different elements

b) Isotopes of the same element
c) Different elements
d) Different compounds

20. The attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom is called a:
a) Ionic bond
b) Polar bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Covalent bond
21. In plants, what role does cohesion play?
a) It helps in nutrient absorption
b) It prevents water evaporation
c) It allows for water and nutrient transport through the plant
d) It increases photosynthesis efficiency
22. What is adhesion?
a) Attraction between two different substances
b) Attraction between molecules of the same substance
c) Repulsion between molecules
d) The ability of water to float
23. What does a pH of 7 represent?
a) Acidic solution
b) Basic solution
c) Neutral solution
d) Strong acid

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24. What are the four main classes of biological molecules?
a) Proteins, Vitamins, Lipids, Nucleic acids
b) Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids
c) Sugars, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleotides
d) Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Water, Nucleic acids

25. What is the process called when polymers are broken apart?
a) Dehydration
b) Hydrolysis
c) Synthesis
d) Condensation
26. What is the building block of carbohydrates?
a) Nucleotides
b) Amino acids
c) Monosaccharides
d) Fatty acids
27. Which of the following is a common disaccharide?

a)Glucose
b) Fructose
c) Sucrose
d) Starch

28. Which polysaccharide forms the plant cell walls?

a) Glycogen
b) Starch
c) Cellulose
d) Chitin
29. What is the main structural component of fats?
a) Amino acids
b) Glycerol and fatty acids
c) Glucose and fructose
d) Nucleotides

30. Saturated fats have the maximum number of ________ atoms bonded to the carbon
chain.
a) Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Carbon
d) Nitrogen

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True/False:

1. The tails of phospholipids interact with water molecules.

Answer: False (The tails are hydrophobic and do not interact with water molecules.)
2. Defensive proteins help to transport oxygen.
Answer: False (Defensive proteins include antibodies of the immune system.)
3. Amino acids have a central nitrogen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Answer: False (Amino acids have a central carbon atom.)
4. The covalent linkage of amino acids forms a peptide bond.
Answer: True
5. The function of a protein is determined by its shape.
Answer: True
6. Transthyretin plays a role in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroid hormones.
Answer: True
7. A gene is a nucleotide sequence that codes for the formation of a carbohydrate.
Answer: False (A gene codes for the formation of a protein.)
8. Electron microscopes are used to view the ultrastructure of cells.
Answer: True
9. Eukaryotic cells always lack a nuclear membrane.
Answer: False (Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane.)
10. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, and
chromosomes.
Answer: True
11. The nucleus is typically the smallest organelle in eukaryotic cells.
Answer: False (It is usually the largest organelle.)
12. Ribosomes are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus.
Answer: False (They are synthesized in the nucleolus.)
13. The endomembrane system includes the plasma membrane, but not the mitochondria.
Answer: True
14. Lysosomes are involved in cellular energy production.
Answer: False (Lysosomes are involved in digestion and recycling of cellular materials.)
15. The thylakoids in chloroplasts are stacked and connected to each other to form
structures called grana.
Answer: True
16. The cytoskeleton consists only of microtubules.
Answer: False (The cytoskeleton is made of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and
microtubules.)
17. Tight junctions in animal cells allow molecules to flow between adjacent cells.
Answer: False (Tight junctions prevent leakage, not allow molecular flow.)
18. Plasmodesmata are cell junctions found in animal cells that allow communication
between adjacent cells.
Answer: False (Plasmodesmata are found in plant cells, not animal cells.)

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19. Cuboidal epithelial cells are taller than they are wide.
Answer: False (Cuboidal cells are as tall as they are wide.)
20. Skeletal muscle is striated and under voluntary control.
Answer: True
21. Facilitated diffusion requires energy input in the form of ATP.
Answer: False (Facilitated diffusion does not require energy; it relies on transport proteins.)
22. Phagocytosis involves the cell engulfing particles, while pinocytosis involves the intake
of liquids.
Answer: True
23. In a hypotonic solution, water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink.
Answer: False (In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell, which may cause it to
swell or burst.)
24. Coenzymes are inorganic molecules, such as zinc or iron, that help enzymes function.
Answer: False (Coenzymes are organic molecules, often vitamins)
25. The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is to produce glucose for the [Link]:
False (The primary purpose is to produce NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport
chain)
26. Fermentation uses the electron transport chain to generate [Link]: False
(Fermentation does not involve the electron transport chain)

Fill in the Blank:

1. In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically _______ to the parent. Answer:
identical
2. In sexual reproduction, the offspring inherit a unique combination of genes, resulting
in _______ in traits. Answer: variation
3. In the G1 phase, the cell grows and prepares for the _______ phase, during which
DNA is synthesized. Answer: S
4. In the karyotype, chromosomes are arranged according to their _______ and the
position of their centromere.
Answer: size
5. During _______ phase, sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of
the cell.
Answer: Anaphase
6. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I
is known as __________.
Answer: crossing over
7. In humans, meiosis occurs in the __________ and __________ to produce gametes.
Answer: testes; ovaries
8. The process of division of the cytoplasm that occurs after Telophase I is called
__________.
Answer: cytokinesis
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9. A diploid individual has two copies of each gene, one from each parent. These copies
are called __________.
Answer: Alleles
10. In __________ inheritance, both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygous
individual.
Answer: Co-dominance
11. When a heterozygous individual expresses an intermediate phenotype, it is an example
of __________ dominance.
Answer: Incomplete
12. In the Z-W system, __________ represents the female, and __________ represents the
male.
Answer: ZW, ZZ
13. The absence of the Y chromosome in humans typically leads to the development of
__________ reproductive organs.
Answer: Female

Best Wishes

Dr. Mona Hamdy