Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)

Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab

Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

Tutorial Question 1 (Design of a two way slab)

A floor plan of a reinforced concrete structure is given below. It is part of a hotel complex
building. Design the floors 1 & 2 as a two way slab. Use D=250mm, fc =25MPa , fy=300MPa,
Poisson's ratio for concrete 0.2, Q=4kPa and G to be taken as the weight of floor +
0.35K=kPa (for concrete ponding). The slab has to be designed for exposure classification A1
and a minimum fire resistance period of 90 minutes. Check SLS and ULS for gravity case only.

Floor One

Remember that the slab should be oriented that Ly > Lx.

Lx ≔ 6 m
Ly ≔ 8.5 m I m assuming that the values given are clear
spans. In practice, you have to minus the
Ly
―= 1.42 beam's width with the given dimensions to
Lx get clear span values.

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 1 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

a) Loading
Q ≔ 4 kPa h ≔ 250 mm
kN
ρconcrete ≔ 24 ――
m3
kN
Gslab ≔ ρconcrete ⋅ h = 6 ――
m2
Gconcrete_ponding ≔ 0.35 kPa
kN
G ≔ Gslab + Gconcrete_ponding = 6.35 ――
m2

Factored Loads
φs ≔ 0.7 φl ≔ 0.4 AS/NZS 1170.0.2002
kN
LoadSLS_shortterm ≔ G + φs ⋅ Q = 9.15 ――
m2

kN
LoadSLS_longterm ≔ G + φl ⋅ Q = 7.95 ――
m2

kN
LoadULS ≔ 1.2 G + 1.5 ⋅ Q = 13.62 ―― Wu ≔ LoadULS
m2
b) Design Moments
Lx ≔ 6 m One short edge is discontinuous. Refer to Table C6.2 of NZS
Ly ≔ 8.5 m 3101:2006

Ly
―= 1.42
Lx

βx ≔ 0.0414 Note: We have to

interpolate the value for
βx and find for 1.42.
βy ≔ 0.028

Positive Moment

Mx ≔ βx ⋅ Wu ⋅ Lx 2

Mx ≔ 20.299 kN ⋅ m Per meter

My ≔ βy ⋅ Wu ⋅ Lx 2

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 2 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

My ≔ 13.729 kN ⋅ m Per meter

Negative Moment
About Edges AB

My_negative_AB ≔ -0.5 ⋅ My = -6.865 kN ⋅ m Per meter

About Edges DC

My_negative_DC ≔ -1.33 ⋅ My = -18.26 kN ⋅ m Per meter

About Edges AD

Mx_negative_AD ≔ -1.33 ⋅ Mx = -26.998 kN ⋅ m Per meter

About Edges BC

Mx_negative_BC ≔ -1.33 ⋅ Mx = -26.998 kN ⋅ m Per meter

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 3 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

We can now design the main steel reinforcements.

Cover for 20mm for exposure classification A1. Fire resistance for 90minutes - need at least
95mm effective [Link] have use a slab thickness of 250mm -more than okay.

Note : you should notic that the smaller spans are attracting more positive moments
than the longer span. For this reason we will start placing our bars first from A to B in
x -direction.

Bottom Reinforcement (Positive)in X - Direction

D ≔ 250 mm b≔1 m

ϕ ≔ 0.85 fy ≔ 300 MPa fc ≔ 25 MPa

16 mm
d ≔ D - 20 mm - ――― = 222 mm
2

Mx
As ≔ ――――― = 421.854 mm 2
ϕ ⋅ fy ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ d

||As||
ρcalculated ≔ ―― = 0.0019 Note : try d with different dia
b⋅d of bars. I tried with 12 dia
Minimum Reinforcement ratio (As Per NZS3101 Check) than 16 dia.

fc ≔ 25
fy ≔ 300
Ac ≔ b ⋅ d

‾‾
25
As_min_1 ≔ ――⋅ Ac = 925 mm 2
4 ⋅ fy

b⋅d
As_min_2 ≔ 1.4 ⋅ ―― = 1036 mm 2
fy
As_min ≔ As_min_2 We choose the maximum value

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 4 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

||As_min||
ρmin_code ≔ ――― = 0.0047
b⋅d
Since ρmin_code > ρcalculated we take ρcalculated as ρmin_code .We can not go lower than the
minimum requirement as per the code.

Try Dia 12mm Bar

2
π ⋅ ((12 mm))
A12_bar ≔ ――――― = 113.097 mm 2
4

As_min
Number_Bars ≔ ――― = 9.16 Can 10 bars fit in a one meter ?
A12_bar Check

1000 mm
Spacing ≔ ―――― = 100 mm Say 100mm centers
10
Bit congested. Works but a hassel during construction. In actual practise its totally up to
you.
Try Dia 16mm Bar
2
π ⋅ ((16 mm))
A16_bar ≔ ――――― = 201.062 mm 2
4

As_min
Number_Bars ≔ ――― = 5.153 Can 6 bars fit in a one meter ? Check
A16_bar

1000 mm
Spacing ≔ ―――― = 166.667 mm Say 150 mm centers
6
spacing ≤ the lesser of 2.D and 300mm

2 ⋅ D = 500 mm 150 mm center to center spacing is Okay!!!

300 mm

Balanced Reinforcement ratio (Just to Reconfirm if tension failure will occur)

β ≔ 0.85 Es ≔ 200000 MPa fy ≔ 300 MPa fc ≔ 25 MPa

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 5 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

0.85 ⋅ fc ⋅ β 0.003 ⋅ Es
ρb ≔ ―――― ⋅ ――――― = 0.04 “Balanced Reinforcement ”
fy 0.003 ⋅ Es + fy

Remember this
from beams

since ρ < ρb tension failure will occur, which is what we wanted.

So we will First Place the Dia

16 bars (grade 300) at 150
centers.

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 6 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

Bottom Reinforcement(Positive) in Y - Direction

D ≔ 250 mm b≔1 m

ϕ ≔ 0.85 fy ≔ 300 MPa fc ≔ 25 MPa

16 mm
d ≔ D - 20 mm - 16 mm - ――― = 206 mm
2

My
As ≔ ――――― = 307.477 mm 2
ϕ ⋅ fy ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ d

||As||
ρcalculated ≔ ―― = 0.0015 Note : the effective depth
b⋅d will change .Why because
Minimum Reinforcement ratio (As Per NZS3101 Check) you have already placed the
bottom bar (dia 16). So the
fc ≔ 25 dia I will use to check is
12mm.
fy ≔ 300
Ac ≔ b ⋅ d

‾‾
25
As_min_1 ≔ ――⋅ Ac = 858.333 mm 2
4 ⋅ fy

b⋅d
As_min_2 ≔ 1.4 ⋅ ―― = 961.333 mm 2
fy We choose the maximum value
As_min ≔ As_min_2

Try Dia 12mm Bar

2
π ⋅ ((12 mm))
A12_bar ≔ ――――― = 113.097 mm 2
4

As_min
Number_Bars ≔ ――― = 8.5 Can 9 bars fit in a one meter ? Check
A12_bar

1000 mm
Spacing ≔ ―――― = 111.111 mm Say 110mm centers
9
Try Dia 16mm Bar
2
π ⋅ ((16 mm))
A16_bar ≔ ――――― = 201.062 mm 2
4

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 7 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

As_min
Number_Bars ≔ ――― = 4.781 Can 5 bars fit in a one meter ? Check
A16_bar

1000 mm
Spacing ≔ ―――― = 200 mm Say 200 mm centers
5
spacing ≤ the lesser of 2.D and 300mm

2 ⋅ D = 500 mm 200 mm center to center spacing is Okay!!!

300 mm

Note that < So we are still Okay

So we will place our second

reinforcement which is Dia
16 bars (grade 300) at
200mm centers.

Top Reinforcement(Negative) in X - Direction

D ≔ 250 mm b≔1 m

ϕ ≔ 0.85 fy ≔ 300 MPa fc ≔ 25 MPa

16 mm
d ≔ D - 20 mm - ――― = 222 mm
2

Mx_negative_AD
As ≔ ――――― = -561.066 mm 2
ϕ ⋅ fy ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ d

||As|| Note: I choose the maximum negative

ρcalculated ≔ ―― = 0.0025 moment value.
b⋅d

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 8 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

Minimum Reinforcement ratio (As Per NZS3101 Check)

fc ≔ 25
fy ≔ 300
Ac ≔ b ⋅ d

‾‾
25
As_min_1 ≔ ――⋅ Ac = 925 mm 2
4 ⋅ fy

b⋅d
As_min_2 ≔ 1.4 ⋅ ―― = 1036 mm 2
fy
As_min ≔ As_min_2

Try Dia 16mm Bar

2
π ⋅ ((16 mm))
A16_bar ≔ ――――― = 201.062 mm 2
4

As_min
Number_Bars ≔ ――― = 5.153 Can 6 bars fit in a one meter ? Check
A16_bar

1000 mm
Spacing ≔ ―――― = 166.667 mm Say 150 mm centers
6
spacing ≤ the lesser of 2.D and 300mm

2 ⋅ D = 500 mm 150 mm center to center spacing is Okay!!!

300 mm

Note that < So we are still Okay

So we will place our 4th

reinforcement which is Dia
16 bars (grade 300) at
150mm centers. Note that
this bars will continue to the
other slabs and they cannot
be terminated on edges
(unless discontinuous) as
shown.

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 9 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

Top Reinforcement(Negative) in Y - Direction

D ≔ 250 mm b≔1 m

ϕ ≔ 0.85 fy ≔ 300 MPa fc ≔ 25 MPa

16 mm
d ≔ D - 20 mm - 16 mm - ――― = 206 mm
2

My_negative_DC
As ≔ ――――― = -408.944 mm 2
ϕ ⋅ fy ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ d
Note: I choose the maximum negative
||As|| moment value.
ρcalculated ≔ ―― = 0.002
b⋅d

Minimum Reinforcement ratio (As Per NZS3101 Check)

fc ≔ 25
fy ≔ 300
Ac ≔ b ⋅ d

‾‾
25
As_min_1 ≔ ――⋅ Ac = 858.333 mm 2
4 ⋅ fy

b⋅d
As_min_2 ≔ 1.4 ⋅ ―― = 961.333 mm 2
fy
As_min ≔ As_min_2

Try Dia 16mm Bar

2
π ⋅ ((16 mm))
A16_bar ≔ ――――― = 201.062 mm 2
4

As_min
Number_Bars ≔ ――― = 4.781 Can 5 bars fit in a one meter ? Check
A16_bar

1000 mm
Spacing ≔ ―――― = 200 mm Say 200 mm centers
5
spacing ≤ the lesser of 2.D and 300mm

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 10 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

2 ⋅ D = 500 mm 200 mm center to center spacing is Okay!!!

300 mm

Note that < So we are still Okay

So we will place our 3rd

reinforcement which is Dia
16 bars (grade 300) at
200mm centers. Note that
this bars will continue to the
other slabs and they cannot
be terminated on edges as
[Link], when there
is a discontinuous edge we
have to terminate the bars
with an L.

Reinforcement Placement as per Codes.

minimum extent of negative steel over

continuous support

In Fiji , I have noticed that engineers place reinforcements as such :

Still okay - bit conservative

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 11 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

Corner Reinforcements (to resist cracking from torsional Moments)

In our case since one edge is discontinuous we do not need to provide the corner
reinforcements (case C).

If it was any corner where the slab was discontinuous at both edges meeting at the corner.
Case A would apply as such:

Length of Reinforcement
(1/5 or 0.2) x Lx (Shorter Span)

Area of Reinforcement for Corners

3/4 or 0.75 x Area of steel provided
for the maximum positive moment
of the midspan.

The A'st is the total area for

each of the four layers of
reinforcement

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 12 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

Checking the deflection in SLS Case (Method B)

Using Cl 2.4.3.1c of NZS 3101:2006 - Minimum Thickness

αf ≔ 1

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 13 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

First find αm αm ≔ αf

Assuming the beams are 400mm wide by 600mm deep (I didnt provide this information in
the question)

bbeam ≔ 400 mm

dbeam ≔ 500 mm

ρconcrete ≔ 2400
1.5
⎡ ⎤ ⎛ ρconcrete ⎞
‾‾ ⎟ = ⎡⎣ 2.505 ⋅ 10 ⎤⎦
4
Ec ≔ ⎣ 4700 ⋅ 25 ⎦ ⋅ ⎜―――
⎝ 2300 ⎠
Ecb ≔ 2.505 ⋅ 10 4 MPa

Ecs ≔ 2.505 ⋅ 10 4 MPa

bbeam ⋅ dbeam 3
Ib ≔ ――――― = ⎛⎝4.167 ⋅ 10 9 ⎞⎠ mm 4
12

b ⋅ D3
Is ≔ ――= ⎛⎝1.302 ⋅ 10 9 ⎞⎠ mm 4
12
Ecb ⋅ Ib Ecb ⋅ Ib
――― ⋅2 ――― ⋅2
Ecs ⋅ Is Ecs ⋅ Is
α1 ≔ ―――― = 3.2 α2 ≔ ―――― = 3.2
2 2

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 14 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

α1 + α2
αm ≔ ――― = 3.2
2

Ly
Ln ≔ 8.5 m fy ≔ 300 β ≔ ―= 1.417
Lx

⎛ fy ⎞
Ln ⋅ ⎜0.8 + ――⎟
⎝ 1500 ⎠
h ≔ ―――――― = 174.359 mm < 250mm, Our depth is Okay.
36 + 9 ⋅ β
Checking the deflection in SLS Case (Method A)
Cl.6.8 of NZS 3101.2006

Also known as Branson's

effective moment of inertia.

(As per NZ code)

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 15 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

Ln2 ≔ 8.5 m Ln1 ≔ 6 m

Ln2 Ln1
limit ≔ ―― = 21.25 mm limit ≔ ―― = 15 mm
400 400
ρconcrete ≔ 2400
1.5
⎡ ⎤ ⎛ ρconcrete ⎞
‾‾ ⎟ = ⎡⎣ 2.505 ⋅ 10 ⎤⎦
4
Ec ≔ ⎣ 4700 ⋅ 25 ⎦ ⋅ ⎜―――
⎝ 2300 ⎠
Ec ≔ 2.505 ⋅ 10 4 MPa

2
π ⋅ ((16 mm))
A16_bar ≔ ――――― = 201.062 mm 2
4

As_Provided ≔ 6 ⋅ A16_bar = ⎛⎝1.206 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2

fy ≔ 300 MPa Es ≔ 200000 MPa

0.003
cb ≔ ―――― ⋅ d = 137.333 mm
fy
0.003 + ―
Es

amax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ β ⋅ cb = 145.917 mm

φs ≔ 0.7 φl ≔ 0.4
kN
LoadSLS_shortterm ≔ G + φs ⋅ Q = 9.15 ――
m2

kN
LoadSLS_longterm ≔ G + φl ⋅ Q = 7.95 ――
m2

2.75 m 2 3 m2
A1 ≔ ――― A2 ≔ ―――
8.5 m 8.5 m
a≔3

kN
wsls ≔ ⎛⎝LoadSLS_shortterm ⋅ A1 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝LoadSLS_shortterm ⋅ A2⎞⎠ = 9.15 ――
m
Positive Moment (SLS)

Mx_sls ≔ βx ⋅ wsls ⋅ Lx 2 = 13.637 kN ⋅ m Per meter

My_sls ≔ βy ⋅ wsls ⋅ Lx 2 = 9.223 kN ⋅ m Per meter

Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706) Sem 1 :2021 Page 16 of 20

 Reinforced Concrete and Prestress Design (CEB706)
Module 3 : Tutorial Questions For Slab
Prepared by: Abdul Altaf Imbrahim
Semester 1, 2021

fc ≔ 25 MPa α ≔ 0.85 β ≔ 0.85 d = 0.206 m

As_Provided ⋅ 300 MPa

c ≔ ―――――――――― = 20.037 mm
0.85 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ 25 MPa ⋅ 1000 mm

fy ≔ 300 b≔1 m d ≔ 222 mm

yt ≔ d - c = 201.963 mm

h ≔ 250
0.06 ⋅ h 0.7
Kfl ≔ ―――― = 0.741
1 + 0.06 ⋅ h 0.7
λ≔1 fc ≔ 25

fr ≔ 0.6 ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾
fc = 3

fr ≔ 3 MPa

ft ≔ Kfl ⋅ fr = ⎛⎝2.223 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ Pa

D ≔ 250 mm

b ⋅ D3 ⎛
Ig ≔ ――= ⎝1.302 ⋅ 10 9 ⎞⎠ mm 4
12

fr ⋅ Ig
Mcr ≔ ――= 19.341 kN ⋅ m
yt

b ⋅ D3
Icr ≔ 0.4 ⋅ ――= ⎛⎝5.208 ⋅ 10 8 ⎞⎠ mm 4
12

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