Exploring the Viability of Breadnut (Artocarpus Camansi)

Exploring the Viability of

Breadnut (Artocarpus
camansi)
Sap As an Eco-friendly
Exploring the Viability of Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi)
Plumbing Sealant
Sap As an Eco-friendly Plumbing Sealant

An Official Entry to
An Official
DIVISIONEntrySCIENCE
to DIVISION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FAIR 2025
AND TECHNOLOGY
MANGALDAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
FAIR 2025
MANGALDAN
PHYSICAL
NATIONAL HIGH SCIENCE GROUP CATEGORY
SCHOOL

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
GROUP CATEGORY

Jenirry C. Costes

Angelica C. Maylas

Yhael Mariany T. Mejia

Jenirry C. Costes
Researchers
Angelica C. Maylas

Yhael Mariany T. Mejia

Researchers
 ABSTRACT
Sealants are defined as polymers with a tight molecular structure that prevents
water penetration (Team WFM, 2020), and empirical evidence suggests that a mixture
of breadnut latex and rubber exhibits hydrophobic qualities, making it a suitable
alternative to commercial sealants. However, the environmental and health risks
associated with harmful chemicals found in conventional plumbing sealants
necessitate the exploration of safer, more sustainable options. This study, therefore,
explores breadnut sap (Artocarpus camansi) as a safe, non-toxic alternative, focusing
on the viability of breadnut sap as an eco-friendly sealant. Employing the
experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the breadnut sap
sealant was prepared through collecting, slicing, extraction, drying, and mixing.
ANOVA, Scheffe’s Test, and T-tests were used to analyze durability and efficiency,
with acceptability tested by 20 respondents. The ANOVA results indicated no
significant difference between the breadnut sap sealant and commercial sealants (F-
computed = 5.07, F-tabular = 5.14), leading to the non-acceptance of the null
hypothesis. T-test comparisons between the control and Treatment 3 showed no
significant difference (t-computed = 0.11, t-tabular = 2.143), accepting the null
hypothesis. Acceptability testing by 20 respondents determined the best treatment in
terms of durability and efficiency, confirming the feasibility of breadnut sap as a
plumbing sealant. This research highlights breadnut sap as a cost-effective, readily
available, and sustainable alternative to conventional, potentially harmful plumbing
sealants, leveraging its natural properties, and the researcher recommends the product
to all people who use Sealant.
Introduction

According to the Department of Health’s (DOH) warning, increased water

contamination risks during the rainy season, particularly in areas with leaking pipes,

highlights a critical public health concern extending beyond more water waste. This

underscores the urgent need for effective and sustainable solutions to address leaky

plumbing infrastructure.

Sealants are compounds that stop liquids and other things from getting

between mechanical joints and surfaces. It also prevents heat, sound, dust, insects, and

air leaks. The market is filled with an extensive number of sealants, each with unique

qualities such as strength, flexibility, and permanent or temporary properties.

Plumbing sealants are essential for preserving the dependability and efficiency

of plumbing systems. When applied in threaded connections, fixture installs, or

emergency repairs, these sealants play an important role in averting leaks, cutting

down on water waste, and shielding buildings from possible water damage. The right

sealant should be chosen based on the particular application and materials used, which

highlights how crucial it is to comprehend the traits and applications of various

plumbing sealants. For these sealants to effectively create strong, watertight

connections within plumbing systems, proper application and attention to

manufacturer instructions are crucial (M. Steve, 2021).

Plumbing sealants are significant in the Philippines for some reasons,

including public health, structural integrity, water conservation, regulatory

compliance, and general sustainability in building methods. High-quality sealants help

make plumbing systems more dependable and efficient overall, which is good for

people, communities, and the environment.

Therefore, exploring eco-friendly alternatives is essential. This study proposes

breadnut sap as a potential alternative, a readily available, biodegradable, and cost-

effective eco-friendly plumbing sealant to address the problem of leaky faucets and

pipes. However, the researcher aims to provide a sustainable and environmentally

responsible solution to a significant public health and environmental issue.

In conclusion, the researcher aims to produce an alternative plumbing sealant

using breadnut sap that can be found in almost all parts of the Philippines, which will

contribute to the search for safer natural products to be utilized as plumbing sealant.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to determine the possibility of breadnut sap as an additive

component in making plumbing works sealant.

It specifically sought to answer these questions:

[Link] are the processes involved in making Breadnut Sap as Plumbing Sealant?

[Link] is the best treatment of making alternative plumbing sealant out of Breadnut
sap?

3. there is a significant difference between breadnut sap as an eco-friendly plumbing

sealant and conventional or commercial sealant in terms of:

a. durability;

b. efficiency; and

c. cost
HYPOTHESES

H0- There is no significant difference between breadnut sap as an eco-friendly

plumbing sealant and conventional or commercial sealants in terms of:
a. durability;
b. efficiency; and
c. cost
H1- There is a significant difference between breadnut sap as an eco-friendly
plumbing sealant and conventional or commercial sealants in terms of:
a. durability;
b. efficiency; and
c. cost

PROCES
S
INPUT Gathering of OUTPUT
materials
Collecting of
breadnut and
plaster of paris Breadnut sap
Breadnut Slicing of Breadnut as
Sap Extraction of Sap
from Plumbing
Breadnut Sealant
Mixing the plaster
of Paris with
breadnut sap
Applying the
sealant to the
plastic PVC
Evaluation of
parameters
Data Collection
Analysis and
Enterpretation

Figure 1.1 The research paradigm of the study

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be useful for finding more uses of natural ingredients, and its

outcome could contribute to a new use for the breadnut sap to society, especially the

farmers.

Local farmers: benefit from research that utilizes indigenous materials like

breadnut in new ways. By introducing innovative methods of utilizing breadnut,

farmers may discover new opportunities for value-added products or sustainable

farming practices.

Community: Communities living near breadnut-producing areas may benefit from

increased demand for breadnut sap, potentially boosting local economies.

Sustainable Practices: The study can promote the adoption of sustainable practices

in Plumbing work by encouraging the use of natural, renewable resources like

breadnut sap.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This research study aimed to explore the viability of Artocarpus camansi sap

as an eco friendly plumbing sealant. This study investigated the potential of breadnut

sap as a sealant due to its natural additive properties and abundance in regions where

the tree is readily available. The research study was conducted from the month of May

2025 to July 2025 at the researcher’s residence in Landas, Mangaldan, Pangasinan.

II METHODOLOGY

Research design

In this research study, the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) is used

because it is flexible to the number of treatments and replications to evaluate and

perform. Three treatments are used for the experimental group, one treatment for

control group to distinguish which concentration is the most accurate and the best

among the three treatments which were performed.

Treatment Breadnut Sap (ml) Plaster of Paris (g)

T0 Control Variable
T1 5 ml 5g
T2 10 ml 5g
T3 15 ml 5g

Materials/Variables:

Breadnut sap, which is the independent variable, spoons, a knife, empty

containers, plasticized PVC pipes, and Plaster of Paris obtained from a hardware

store, were used to prepare the treatments.

Figure 3.1 Experimental Flowchart

PHASE I
Collecting Breadnut sap and Plaster
of Paris Extraction of the sap from
the Breadnut Production of plumbing
sealant

PHASE II
Performing the Experiment

Formulation of Treatment

PHASE III
Evaluation of Parameters
Data Collection

PHASE IV
Statistical Treatment of Data
Analysis and interpretation of Data
Narrative Procedures

PHASE I

Collecting Breadnut sap and Plaster of Paris

The raw material, Breadnut (Artocarpus Camansi), Only the unripe breadnut

was collected to obtain good quality extract. 50 grams of the fruit were weighed and

underwent the extraction process. And the Plaster of Paris was obtained from a

hardware store in Landas, Mangaldan, Pangasinan.

Extraction of Sap from the Breadnut

The Breadnut sap was extracted using two methods. First, sap was extracted

from the tree using a knife. Second, unripe breadnuts were obtained from various

sources, as the research timeline placed the experimentation period during the

breadnut farming off-season. The sticky breadnut latex was extracted by slicing the

breadnut fruit into half-inch thick pieces until all the latex was extracted.

Production of Plumbing Sealant

After the breadnut sap extract was collected, the Plaster of Paris was placed in

a plastic container and thoroughly mixed with the breadnut sap extract until a thick

solution was obtained.

PHASE II

Performing the Experiment

Three different concentrations were evaluated. Treatment 1 contained 5

milliliters of breadnut sap and 10 grams of Plaster of Paris. Treatment 2 contained 10

milliliters of breadnut sap and 15 grams of Plaster of Paris. Treatment 3 contained ,15

milliliters of breadnut sap and 5 grams of Plaster of Paris.

PHASE III

Evaluation of Parameters

QUALITY

Durability describes how well the sealant withstands high temperatures

without degrading or losing its sealing properties. High heat durability indicates that

the sealant maintains its integrity and effectiveness in elevated temperature

environments, preventing leaks and maintaining a strong bond. It is rated 1 to 5, with

5 being the highest.

Table 3.2 Rating Scale for Durability.

Rating Description Interpretation

5 Extremely Durable No visible wear or damage

4 Highly Durable Minimal wear or damage

3 Moderately Durable Noticeable wear or damage

2 Slightly Durable Significant wear or damage

1 Not Durable at All Immediate and severe wear or damage

This shows the rate of Durability of the 4 treatments as rated them 1-5.

Table 3.3 Rating Scale for Efficiency

Rating Description Interpretation

5 Extremely Efficient No leaks observed
4 Highly Efficient Very few leaks observed
3 Moderately Efficient Some leaks observed
2 Slightly Efficient Many leaks observed
1 Not Efficient Leaks occur immediately

This shows the rate of Efficiency of the 4 treatments as rated them 1-5.
PHASE IV

Analysis of Data

One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Scheffe’s test, and a t-test were

used to compare the effectiveness of different concentrations of breadnut sap and

Plaster of Paris as a plumbing sealant under different curing times and concentrations

in terms of the parameters

Data Presentation

The collected data is presented in clear graphs to help see the differences

between the treatment. Each parameter is shown separately and makes it easier to

compare the performance of each treatment.

 RESULTS

Evaluation of the parameter in terms of Durability:

This chapter presents the results gathered from the survey. Also, further

interpretations of the study are being discussed. The results include the following:

significant difference of the plumbing sealant made out of breadnut sap and

commercial plumbing sealant.

Table 4.1 Summary of Means of the best treatments of Breadnut Sap as an Alternative
plumbing sealant
Treatments
Replication T1 T2 T3
I 5 10 15
II 15 20 25
III 10 15 5
Mean 23.3 31.6 33.3
This table shows the total mean values or three replications of the three

different treatments for a specific parameter, durability, where T3 has the highest

mean value 33.3 compared to T1=23.3, T2= 31.6

Table 4.2 Summary of Means in terms of Durability on Experimental treatment

Treatments
Replication T1 T2 T3
I 89 85 87
II 86 80 95

III 95 81 99

Total 270 246 281

Mean 90 82 93.7

The table shows the summarized results taken from the experimentation in

three replications in terms of the three parameters Durability test.

Source Degree of Sum of Squares Mean Squares F-Value

of Variations Freedom

Fcal. Ftab.
 Between Group 2 214. 3 107.15 5.07 5.14
Within Groups 6 126.9 21.15
Table 4.3 ANOVA Results in terms of Durability

The figure shows that the Fcal value of 5.07 is lesser than Ftab value of

5.14 at Degree of Freedom of 2 and 6 at a=0.05, therefore there is a significant

difference between the three treatments in terms of Durability Test.

Replication Treatments
T1 T2 T3
I 97 95 96
II 95 91 98
III 97 93 96
Total 289 279 290
Mean 96.3 93 96.7
Table 4.4 Summary of Means in terms of Efficiency the Experimental treatments

The table shows the summarized results taken from the experimentation

in three replications in terms of the three parameters Efficiency.

Source of Degree of Sum of Means F-Value

Variation Freedom Squares Squares

Fcal. Ftab.
Between groups 2 357.11 178.11 5.25 5.14
Within groups 6 -204.23 34.04
Table 4.5 ANOVA Results in terms of Efficiency

The figure shows that the Fcal value of 5.25 is greater than Ftab value of

5.14 at Degree of Freedom of 2 and 6 at a=0.05, therefore there is a significant

difference between the three treatments in terms of Efficiency.

Summary of Findings
 This study entitled “Exploring the Viability of Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi)

Sap as An Eco-friendly Plumbing Sealant was conducted to make use of this

independent variable which is Breadnut sap and to seek their potential if it can be

made into Plumbing Sealant in terms of Durability and Efficiency, and Cost.

The three treatments were tested by 20 respondents to test its acceptability.

The gathered data were then used to determine the best treatment in terms of

Durability and Efficiency. Based on the results and findings of the experiment it has

been proven that production of Plumbing Sealant is feasible.

The independent variables underwent into different processes such as

collecting, slicing, extraction, mixing, drying, data gathering, and evaluation of

parameters.

The researcher made use of different kinds of statistical measurements and

analysis such as ONE- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Scheffe’s Test and T-

Test. The T-Test was used to compare the means of the three experimental treatments

and to choose which is the best.

As a result, based on the recorded and computed data, the following

observations were noted and were the basis of the conclusions of the study.

Durability- There is a significant difference among the treatments since the

Fcomputed value of 5.07 is less than Ftabular value of 5.14 therefore reject the null

hypothesis, there is a significant difference among the three treatments. Treatment 3

yields the best treatment among the other remaining treatment. By the use of T-test,

experimental and control were compared, accept the null hypothesis since Tcomputed

is less than Ttabular therefore, there is no significant difference among Plumbing

Sealant using Breadnut Sap.

 Efficiency- There is a significant difference among the treatments since the

Fcomputed value of 5.25 is greater than Ftabular value of 5.14 therefore reject the null

hypothesis, there is a significant difference among the three treatments. Treatment 3

yields the best treatment among the other remaining treatment.

Cost- Experimental variable cost less than the control variable in terms of cost.

Therefore, reject the null hypothesis, which means that there is a significant difference

between the two.

Conclusions

The results and findings demonstrate the feasibility of producing plumbing

sealant, with Treatment 3 identified as the best in terms of durability and efficiency.

Breadnut sap exhibits potential for use in plumbing sealant production, offering

advantages in durability, efficiency, and cost. However, ANOVA results show a

significant difference between the treatments in terms of durability and efficiency.

Scheffe’s test results indicated that Treatment 3 performed best among the three

treatments.

Recommendations

For the improvement and further study of this research, the following are some

recommendations:

[Link] to safety precautions while handling breadnut sap and other sealant

components to prevent any potential hazards.

[Link] mix the breadnut sap with other components of the sealant to ensure

uniform distribution and optimal performance.

[Link] monitor the curing process of the sealant to ensure that it is setting

properly and providing the desired sealing effect.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

•Rappler Department of Health’s (2021) - [Link]

•Natsoulis, N. (2021, July 12). Types of Sealants Used in Construction. MEP

Engineering & Design Consulting Firm | BIM Services | NY Engineers; NYEI Design
Services Pvt Ltd. [Link]
construction

•Artocarpus camansi (breadnut) D Ragone (2021) – The Breadfruit Institute ….,

•BlueGreen Alliance Foundation | BGAF Programs Clean Economy Manufacturing

Center. (n.d.). BlueGreen Alliance Foundation | Research. Education. Solutions.
Retrieved April 30, 2024, from [Link]
economy-manufacturing-center/

•Ahmad, S., et al. (2021). Pharmacology and phytochemistry of Artocarpus family: A

revie w. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.

•Arehart, J. H., Pomponi, F., & D’Amico, B. (2021). Industry experts’ perspectives on
the dif ficulties and opportunities of the integration of bio-based insulation materials
in the Euro-pean construction sector. Journal of Cleaner Production.
PLATES
PLATE 1: Collecting of Breadnut

PLATE 2: Slicing Breadnut

 PLATE 3: Extraction of Sap from Breadnut

PLATE 4: Mixing the plaster of Paris with breadnut sap

PLATE 5: Applying the sealant to the plastic
PVC
 QUESTIONAIRE
The Durability of Breadnut Sap as a Plumbing Sealant

Name: _______________________________
Gender: __________
Address: __________________________________________

DESCRIPTION INTERPRETATION

5 Extremely Durable No visible wear or damage

4 Highly Durable Minimal wear or damage

3 Moderately Durable Noticeable wear or damage

2 Slightly Durable Significant wear or damage

1 Not Durable at All Immediate and severe wear or damage

RATE DESCRIPTION INTERPRETATION

5 Extremely Efficient No leaks observed

4 Highly Efficient Very few leaks observed

3 Moderately Efficient Some leaks observed

2 Slightly Efficient Many leaks observed

1 Not Efficient Leaks occur immediately

T0 T1 T2 T3

R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

Durability

Efficiency
RAW DATA
 RAW DATA
Collection and Presentation of Raw Data:
Assessment Ratings of Respondents and Statistical Computations

Respondents: 20

Treatments: 3

Control: 1

Replication: 3

Parameters: 2

Assessment Ratings of Respondents to the “Exploring the Viabilitybof Breadnut Sap

As an Eco-friendly Plumbing Sealant” in Terms of Durability

Respondent’s T0 T1 T2 T3
Name
1. Jonathan 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5
Caballero

[Link] 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5
Carbonel
3. Joel Quiros 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 3 4 5 4 5

4. Rohelio 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 5 5
Arjona Jr.
[Link] 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 5
Carbonel
6. Nelson 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 3 3 4 4
Prestoza
[Link] 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 4 5 5 5
Costes
8. Larry De Vera 5 5 4 5 3 5 4 5 5 4 5 5

9. Roderick 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 3 4 5
Carbonel Sr.

10. Samuel 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 5
Soriano
11. Victoriano 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 5
Nieto

[Link] Cariño 5 4 5 3 4 5 4 5 4 3 5 5

13. Christopher 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5
Carbonel
14. Glen Revilla 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 4 5 5

15. Alex Quiros 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 5

16. Rey Aquino 5 5 4 3 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 5

17. Elmer Laya 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5

18. Gerald 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 5
Carino

19. Carlos 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 5 5 5
Relingo
20. Gemar 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 3 4 5 5 5
Cariño
Total 96 89 99 89 86 95 85 80 81 87 95 99

Average Mean 94.7 90 82 93.7

 Assessment Ratings of Respondents to the “exploring the Viability of Breadnut Sap
As an Eco-friendly Plumbing Sealant” in Terms of Efficiency.

Respondent’s T0 T1 T2 T3
Name
1. Jonathan 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5
Caballero

2. Rodelio 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 5 4
Carbonel
3. Joel Quiros 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4

4. Rohelio 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5
Arjona Jr.
5. Gomer 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5
Carbonel
6. Nelson 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5
Prestoza

7. Frederick 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Costes
8. Larry De Vera 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

9. Roderick 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Carbonel

10. Samuel 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
Soriano
11. Victoriano 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5
Nieto

12. Gio Cariño 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5

13. Christopher 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5
Carbonel
14. Glen Revilla 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 4 5

15. Alex Quiros 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5

16. Rey Aquino 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 5 5

17. Elmer Laya 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 5 5

18. Gerald 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4
Cariño

19. Carlos 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Relingo
20. Gemar 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4
Cariño
Total 100 97 98 97 95 97 95 91 93 96 98 96

Average Mean 98.3 96.3 93 96.7

 Statistical Computation: ANOVA (Treatment 1,2,3)

Data for ANOVA Computation in terms of Durability of treatments

Treatments
Replication
T1 T2 T3 T12 T22 T32
I 89 85 87 7,921 7,225 7,569
II 86 80 95 7,396 6,400 9,025
III 95 81 99 9,025 6,561 9,801
Σ (sum) 270 246 281 24,339 20,186 26,395
Σ T2 72,900 60,516 78,961

1. Tss = Σx² − (Σx)²

N.
= 70,920– (797)²

= 70,920 – 70,578.8

= 341.2

2. Ssb = (1/n) [ (Σx₁)² + (Σx₂)² + (Σx₃)² ] – (Σx)²

N

= (1/3) [ (270)² + (246)² + (281)² ] – (797)²

9

= (1/3) [ 72,900 + 60,516 + 78,961] – 70,578.8

= (1/3)(212,377) – 70,578

= 70792.3– 70,578

=214.3

dft = N-1 dfw = dft – dfb dfb = 3 – 1

=9–1 =9–3 =2

=8 =6

3. Ssw = Tss – Ssb

= 341.2 – 214.3

=126.9
4. Mssb = Ssb / dfb

= 214.3
2

= 107.15

5. Mssw = Ssw/dfw

= 126.9
6

= 21.15

6. F- cal = Mssb / Mssw

= 107.15
21.15

= 5.07

Sources of df Ss Ms F - ratio F - tab

variation
Between 2 214.3 107.15 5.07 5.14
groups
Within 6 126.9 21.15
groups
Total 8 341.2

Since the Fcal value of 5.07 is lesser than Ftab value of 5.14, reject the H0 and reject the
HI.. Therefore, there is no significant difference among the three treatments in terms of their
Durability

SCHEFFE’S TEST

T1 vs T2

F’ = (X1 – X2)
Sw2(N1+N2) = (90 – 82)
N1N2 21.15 (3+3)
9

= (8)2 = 64 = 4.54
126.9 14.1
9

T2 vs T3

F’ = (X2 – X3)
 Sw2(N1+N2) = (82 – 93.7)2
N1N2 21.15 (3+3)
9
2
= (-11.7) = -136.89 = -9.71
126.9 14.1
9

T3 vs T1

F’ = (X3 – X2)
Sw2(N1+N2)= (93.7-90)
N1N2 21.15(3+3)

= (3.7)2 = 13.69 = 0.97

126.9 14.1
9

Pairs Mean Scheffe’s value F - tab Interpretation

Difference
T1 vs T2 8 4.54 10.28 Not Significant
T2 vs T3 -11.7 -9.71 10.28 Significant
T3 vs T1 3.7 0.97 10.28 Not Significant

T-TEST

Replication T0 T02 T3 T32

I 96 9,216 87 7,569
II 89 7,921 95 9,025
III 99 9,801 99 9,801
Total 284 26,938 281 26,395

T0

Ss1 = Σx² – ( Σx)²

N

= 26,938-(284)2
3

= 28,426 – 26,885.33

= 52.67

T3

Ss3 = Σx² – ( Σx²)

N
= 26,395 – (281)2
3
= 26,395 – 26,320.33
= 75

T0 vs T3

T= X̄ 1 – X̄ 2
√ (Ss1+Ss2 ) ( 1 + 1 )
( N1N2) N1 N2

= 94.7 – 93.7
√(52.67+75) (0.66)
4

= 1
√(127.67) (0.66)

= 1 = 1 = 0.11
√ 84.26 9.18

Data for ANOVA Computation in terms of Efficiency of treatments

Treatments
Replication
T1 T2 T3 T12 T22 T32
I 97 95 96 9,409 9,025 9,216
II 95 91 98 9,216 8,281 9,604
III 97 93 96 9,409 8,649 9,216
Σ (sum) 289 279 290 28,034 25,955 28,036
Σ T2 83,521 77,841 84,100

1. Tss = Σx² − (Σx)²

N
= 82,025– (860)²
9

= 82,025 – 739,600
9
= 82,025 – 82,177.88

= -152.88

2. Ssb = (1/n) [ (Σx₁)² + (Σx₂)² + (Σx₃)² ] – (Σx)²

N

= (1/3) [ (289)² + (279)² + (290)² ] – (860)²

9
= (1/3) [ 83,521 + 77,841 + 84,100 ] – 739,600
= (1/3)(83,521) – 739,600

= 81820.76 – 82,177.87

= 357.11

dft = N-1 dfw = dft – dfb dfb = 3 – 1

=9–1 =9–3 =2

=8 =6

3. Ssw = Tss – Ssb

=-152.88 –357.11

= -204.23
4. Mssb = Ssb / dfb

= 357.11
2

= 178.65

5. Mssw = Ssw/dfw

= 204.23
6

= 34.04

6. F- cal = Mssb / Mssw

= 178.65
34.04

= 5.25

Sources of df Ss Ms F - ratio F - tab

variation
Between 2 357.11 178.65 5.25 5.14
groups
Within 6 204.23 34.04
groups
Total 8 391.15

Since the Fcal value of 5.25 is greater than Ftab value of 5.14, accept the H0 and accept
the HI.. Therefore, there is a significant difference among the three treatments in terms of their
quality.

SCHEFFE’S TEST
T1 vs T2

F’ = (X1 – X2)
Sw2(N1+N2) = (96.3 – 93)
N1N2 34.04 (3+3)
9

= (3.3)2 = 10.89 = 0.48

204.24 22.69
9

T2 vs T3

F’ = (X2 – X3)
Sw2(N1+N2) = (93 – 96.7)2
N1N2 34.04 (3+3)
9
= (-3.7)2 = -13.69 = -0.60
204.24 22.69
9

T3 vs T1

F’ = (X3 – X1)
Sw2(N1+N2)= (96.7 – 96.3)
N1N2 34.04 (3+3)

= (10.4)2 = 0.16 = 0.01

204.24 22.69
9

Pairs Mean Scheffe’s value F - tab Interpretation

Difference
T1 vs T2 3.3 0.48 10.28 Not significant
T2 vs T3 -3.7 0.60 10.28 Not significant
T3 vs T1 0.4 0.01 10.28 Not Significant

T-TEST

Replication T0 T02 T3 T32

I 97 9,409 96 9,216
II 96 9,216 95 9,025
III 97 9,409 95 9,025
Total 290 28,034 286 27,266

T0

Ss1 = Σx² – ( Σx)²

N

= 29,013 (295)2
3
= 29,013 – 29,008.33

= 4.67

T3

Ss3 = Σx² – ( Σx²)

N
=28,036– (290)2
3
= 28,036– 28,033.33

= 2.64

T0 vs T3

T= X̄ 1 – X̄ 2
√ (Ss1+Ss2 ) ( 1 + 1 )
( N1N2) N1 N2

= 98.33 – 96.67
√(4.67+2.64) (0.66)
4

= 2.03
√(1.83) (0.66)

= 2.03 = 2.03 = 1.85

√ 1.21 1.1

BUDGETARY REQUIREMENT

DESCRIPTION QUANTITY PRICES

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Activities MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY

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S N R T S N R T S N R T S N R T S N R T
T D D H T D D H T D D H T D D H T D D H


[Link]
tion of
Research
problem


2. Collection
of materials

a. Raw .
materials

b. Purchas
e of some
materials
[Link]
n of set-up

[Link]
(First run of
experimenta
tion)

[Link]
Run of
Experimenta
tion

[Link] Run
of
Experimenta
tion

7. Gathering
of Data

8.
Tabulation
of Data

9.
Computatio
n of Results

10.
Analysis of
Data

11.
Summary of
Findings
 Curriculum Vitae

I: Personal Information

Name: Maylas, Angelica C.

Birthday: May 05, 2010
Birthplace: Anolid, Mangaldan, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Contact number: 09617647362 E-add: angelicamaylas05@[Link]

Parents :
Father: Woody P. Maylas
Mother: Wennie C. Maylas
Hobbies: Painting and Watching movies

II: Educational Qualification:

2.1 Elementary School: Anolid Elementary School

2.2 Secondary School: Mangaldan National High School

III: Honors/ Awards Received

With Honors (Elementary)
1st Place in Our Values Photo Contest
3rd Place in Science Quiz Bee (Elementary)

3.2 Awards and Seminars Attended:

Grade 10
LEVEL SEMINARS/ACTIVITIES
School Empowering Student-Leaders and Revitalizing
Student-Led Clubs

IV: Membership in Professional and Scientific Organization

4.1 National: N/A
4.2 Regional/Local Division/ School: Vice President of Science Club S.Y 2025-2026
 Curriculum Vitae

I: Personal Information

Name: Costes, Jenirry C.

Birthday: March 28, 2010
Birthplace: Landas, Mangaldan, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Contact number: 09212812866 E-add: jenirrycostes@[Link]
Parents :
Father: Perry Q. Costes
Mother: Jenilyn C. Costes
Hobbies: Playing guitar and Watching movies

II: Educational Qualification:

2.1 Elementary School: David Elementary School (DES)

2.2 Secondary School: Mangaldan National High School

III: Honors/ Awards Received

With honors (Elementary)
3.2 Awards and Seminars Attended: N/A

IV: Membership in Professional and Scientific Organization

4.1 National: N/A

4.2 Regional/Local Division/ School: N/A

 Curriculum Vitae

I: Personal Information

Name: Mejia, Yhael Mariany T.

Birthday: February 03, 2010
Birthplace: Landas, Mangaldan, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Contact number: 09193673315 E-add: yhaelmarianymejia@[Link]
Parents :
Father: Jeric Cariño Mejia
Mother: Venus Vanessa Tuates Mejia
Hobbies: Drawing, Make up

II: Educational Qualification:

2.1 Elementary School: David Elementary School

2.2 Secondary School: Mangaldan National High School

III: Honors/ Awards Received

With honors (Elementary)
3.2 Awards and Seminars Attended: N/A

IV: Membership in Professional and Scientific Organization

4.1 National: N/A

4.2 Regional/Local Division/ School: N/A