ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
1. The hormone released during fear or stress is:
a) Thyroxine
b) Adrenaline
c) Insulin
d) Testosterone
2. The gland located in the neck region is the:
a) Pituitary
b) Adrenal
c) Thyroid
d) Hypothalamus
3. The pituitary gland is called the master gland because:
a) It works very fast
b) It controls other endocrine glands
c) It produces blood cells
d) It controls digestion
4. Iodine is required to produce:
a) Estrogen
b) Growth hormone
c) Thyroxine
d) Insulin
5. Secondary sexual characters in boys develop due to:
a) Estrogen
b) Thyroxine
c) Testosterone
d) Adrenaline
6. Which part of the brain controls the pituitary gland?
a) Cerebrum
b) Hypothalamus
c) Medulla
d) Cerebellum
7. The ovaries produce:
a) Testosterone
b) Estrogen
c) Adrenaline
d) Thyroxine
8. Growth hormone is produced by the ________.
a) Thyroid
b) Pituitary
c) Adrenal
d) Testes
B. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The adrenal gland releases _________ during emergency situations.
2. Thyroxine regulates ________ and heat production in the body.
3. Iodine deficiency causes a disease called ________.
4. The pituitary gland is located at the base of the ________.
5. ________ hormone is responsible for changes in boys at puberty.
6. The ovaries release ________ in girls.
7. The hypothalamus controls ________ and hunger.
8. Adrenal glands are located above the ________.
C. MATCH THE FOLLOWING
Column A Column B
1. Thyroid a. Emergency hormone
2. Testes b. Growth hormone
3. Adrenaline c. Thyroxine
4. Pituitary d. Estrogen
5. Ovaries e. Testosterone
CASE STUDY
At age 13, Rehan noticed a change in his voice and growth of facial hair. His sister Anu, age 12,
noticed widening of hips and development of breasts. Their teacher explained that these changes
occur due to hormones produced by gonads.
Questions
1. Which hormone caused changes in Rehan?
2. Which hormone caused changes in Anu?
3. Name the glands producing these hormones.
4. What are such age-related changes called?
5. Why are these hormones important?
A doctor explained that a small region in the brain controls thirst, hunger, sleep cycles, body
temperature, and also controls the pituitary gland. When this region sends releasing hormones,
the pituitary starts working.
Questions
1. Name the region described here.
2. How is it connected to the pituitary gland?
3. Name two body functions controlled by this brain region.
4. Why is the hypothalamus important in hormone regulation?
5. What might happen if the hypothalamus stops sending signals?
A school health camp measured children’s height and weight. Priya was found to be very slow in
growth and felt tired easily. The doctor checked her neck region and suggested a blood test. Her
test showed low levels of thyroxine.
Questions
1. Which gland produces thyroxine?
2. What mineral is essential for the production of thyroxine?
3. What disorder can occur when the body lacks iodine?
4. How does thyroxine affect body functions?
5. Why are iodized salts recommended?
ASSERTION–REASON QUESTIONS
(Each question follows the standard pattern:)
Options:
A. Both Assertion and Reason are true; Reason correctly explains Assertion
B. Both true; Reason does NOT explain Assertion
C. Assertion true; Reason false
D. Assertion false; Reason true
1. A: Adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys.
R: They release insulin to maintain blood sugar.
2. A: Goitre occurs due to iodine deficiency.
R: Iodine is needed to produce the hormone thyroxine.
3. A: Low secretion of growth hormone can stunt height.
R: Growth hormone controls growth of bones and muscles.
4. A: The hypothalamus is directly connected to the pituitary gland.
R: The pituitary gland produces hormones only when stimulated by the hypothalamus.