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EPC Module 4-1

The document provides an overview of electronic principles and circuits, specifically focusing on negative feedback amplifiers and active filters. It explains the types of negative feedback, their effects on gain and stability, and details various filter types based on frequency responses. Additionally, it includes information on specific filter designs and configurations using voltage controlled sources.

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3 views18 pages

EPC Module 4-1

The document provides an overview of electronic principles and circuits, specifically focusing on negative feedback amplifiers and active filters. It explains the types of negative feedback, their effects on gain and stability, and details various filter types based on frequency responses. Additionally, it includes information on specific filter designs and configurations using voltage controlled sources.

Uploaded by

dhavaleshwar.dhruv9e
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Electronic Principles & Circuits (EPC)

BY VTU Academy (on YouTube)


Watch Full Video Lectures, Click Here –
EPC Complete Playlist
✔️ All 5 Modules Explained

✔️ Model Paper Solved

✔️ Important Questions Explained

✔️ Chapter wise PDF Notes


Negative Feedback
The negative feedback amplifier is an electronic amplifier in which the feedback energy
(Voltage or Current) is out of phase with input signal and thus opposes it. Negative feedback
reduces gain. It also reduces distortion, noise and instability. This feedback increases bandwidth
and improves input and output impedance.

Four types of negative feedback

Voltage controlled voltage source (VCVS)


Current controlled voltage source (ICVS)

Voltage controlled current source (VCIS)

Current controlled current source (ICIS)

VCVS voltage gain

Exact closed loop voltage gain


Ideal closed loop voltage gain

Using ideal equation voltage gain for nonnverting amplifier of fig 19.3

Other VCVS Equations


Gain Stability

Closed loop input impedance


Closed loop output impedance

Nonlinear Harmonic Distortion


The ICVS Amplifier

Voltage Gain

Input and output impedance


The VCIS Amplifier

Input and output impedance of VCIS amplifier

The ICIS Amplifier


Active Filter
A filter is circuit capable of passing certain frequencies while attenuating other frequencies.
Thus a filter can extract desired frequency signal and rejects undesirable frequencies. Active filter is
type of filter which consists of active element like transistor, vacuum tubes and op-amps along with
passive elements like resistors and capacitors.

There are 5 types of filers based on their frequency responses (The frequency response is
graph of voltage gain vs frequency) as follows.

1. Low pass filter 2. High pass filter 3. Band pass filter


4. Band stop filter 5. All pass filter

Low Pass Filter

High Pass Filter


Bandpass Filter

Bandstop Filter
All Pass filter

First Order Stage(Filter)

First Order low pass stage(filter)


First Order High Pass Stages(filter)
VCVS Unity gain second order low pass filters

Sallen-key second order low pass filter

These filters also called VCVS filters because the op amp is used as a voltage controlled voltage
source.

Butterworth and Bessel response


VCVS Equal Component low pass filter

VCVS High pass filter


MFB(Multi feedback) Band pass filter

Wide band filter


Narrow Band filter

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