Management: Definition Who Are Managers?

Acc to Harold Koontz: Management is the art of Manager

getting things done through & with an formally Someone who works with and through other
organized group
people by coordinating their work activities in
Acc to Henry Fayol: To manage is to forecast & plan, order to accomplish organizational goals
to organize, to compound, to co-ordinate and to
control
PODSCORB: Planning, Organizing, Directing,
Staffing, Controlling, Co-ordinating, Reporting &
Budgeting

Types of Managers Types of Managers (Cont’d) Types of Managers (Cont’d)

Top Managers Middle Managers First-line Managers
Are responsible for making organization-wide decisions Large group of managers Are at the lowest level of management and manage the
and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire Responsible primarily for implementing policies and plans work of non-managerial employees (e.g. worker)
organization. develop by top managers Supervise and coordinate activities of operating
Made up relatively small group of executives Title: Plant manager, operations manager, division head Title: Supervisor, Coordinator, Office Manager
Titles: President, Vice President, CEO Manage the work of first-line managers
Creates organization’s goal, overall strategy, and operating
policies
Officially represents organization to external environment

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 Time Spent in Carrying in Managerial
Exhibit 1.1 Managerial Levels Kinds of Managers by Level and Area Functions

Top
Managers
Middle Managers
First-Line Managers
Nonmanagerial Employees

Where Managers Work Definition of Management:

Management: Science or Art
Organization Management is the process of designing and Science of Management: Managers can use
A consciously coordinated social unit, maintaining an environment in which individuals, quantitative models and decision-making techniques
composed of two or more people, that working together in groups, efficiently accomplish to arrive at “correct” decisions
functions on a relatively continuous basis selected aims. Art of Management: Managers frequently make
to achiesve a common goal or set of decisions and solve problems on the basis of intuition,
goals. experience, instinct, and personal insights.

Effective management is a blend of both science and

art.

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 Productivity, Effectiveness and Efficiency
Productivity, Effectiveness and Efficiency Productivity
Why Study Management?
Productivity implies effectiveness and efficiency in Output-input ratio within a time period with due Universality of Management
individual and organizational performance consideration for quality
The reality that management is needed
in all types and sizes of organizations
Effectiveness is the achievement of objectives at all organizational levels
Productivity improved: increased output with same inputs,
in all organizational areas
or decreased input maintaining same output
Efficiency is the achievement of the ends with the in all organizations, regardless of location
Efficiency
least amount of resources (time, money, etc.)
“Doing things right”
Getting the most output for the least input
Effectiveness
“Doing the right things”
Attaining organizational goals

What Managers Do
What Do Managers Do? Management Functions (cont’d)
Managers (or administrators)
Functional Approach
Individuals who achieve goals through other people. Planning
Planning
Organizing A process that includes defining goals,
establishing strategy, and developing
Managerial Activities
Leading
plans to coordinate activities.
Controlling
• Make decisions
• Allocate resources
• Direct activities of others to attain goals

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Management Functions (cont’d) Management Functions (cont’d) Management Functions (cont’d)
Organizing Leading Controlling
Determining what tasks are to be done, A function that includes motivating Monitoring activities to ensure they are being
who is to do them, how the tasks are to employees, directing others, selecting accomplished as planned and correcting any
be grouped, who reports to whom, and the most effective communication significant deviations.
where decisions are to be made. channels, and resolving conflicts.

Management Process What Do Managers Do? (cont’d)

Management Functions Mintzberg’s Management Roles Approach
Planning Interpersonal roles
Planning Organizing Leading Controlling Figurehead, leader, liaison
Lead to
Informational roles
Defining goals, Determining Directing and Monitoring
Controlling Organizing Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson
establishing what needs motivating all activities Achieving the
strategy, and to be done, involved parties to ensure organization ’s
developing how it will and resolving that they are stated Decisional roles
subplans to be done, and conflicts accomplished purpose
coordinate who is to do it as planned Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator
activities

Leading Staffing

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Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles (cont’d) Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles (cont’d)

Management Skills Exhibit 1.4 Skills Needed at Different

What Do Managers Do? (cont’d) Technical skills Management Levels
The ability to apply specialized
Skills Approach knowledge or expertise.
Technical skills Top
Human skills Conceptual
Human skills Managers Skills
The ability to work with, understand,
Conceptual skills and motivate other people, both Middle Human
individually and in groups. Managers Skills
Others: interpersonal, diagnostic, decision
making, time management Technical
Lower-level
Conceptual Skills Managers Skills
The mental ability to analyze and
diagnose complex situations. Importance

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Sources of Management Skills Features of Management Features of Management
Art as well as Science Management is a distinct entity
Management is an activity Management aims at maximising profit
Management is a continuous process Management is a purposeful activity
Management achieving pre-determined objectives Management is a profession
Organized activities Universal application
Management is a factor of production Management is getting things done
Management as a system Management is needed at all levels
Management is a discipline

Importance of Management Importance of Management

Management meet the challenge of change Innovation
Accomplishment of group goals Co-ordination and team-spirit
Effective utilization of resources Tackling problems
Effective functioning of business A tool for Personality Development Thank You
Resource Development
Sound organization Structure ☺
Management directs the organization
Integrates various interests
Stability