Romblon State University
Department of Civil Engineering
Module 4
DYNAMICS OF RIGID II. Body is traveling at greatest speed and
BODIES about to skid (w/ Friction)
- Mech 2202
Instructor: Engr. Mary Joy M. Fruelda
W R
𝛳+𝜙
Rotation with Variable Acceleration
Problems: 𝑊𝑉 2
𝑔𝑅
1. The rotation of a pulley is defined by the
relation ϴ= 2t4 - 30t2 + 6 where ϴ is measured
in radians and t in seconds.
a. Compute the value of the angular 𝑣2 Slipping up the
tan(𝜃 + 𝜙) =
displacement when t = 4 sec. 𝑔𝑅 plane of banking
b. Compute the value of the angular velocity 𝑣2
at the instant t = 4 sec. tan(𝜃 − 𝜙) = Slipping down the
𝑔𝑅
plane of banking
c. Compuie the value of the angular
acceleration at the instant t = 4 seconds
Problems:
1. A car weighing 15,000 N rounds a curve of
2. The rotation of a flywheel is governed by the
60 m, radius banked at angle of 30. Find the
equation ⍵ = 4√𝑡 , ⍵ is in rad/sec and t in
friction fcrce acting on the res when the car is
seconds. ϴ = 2 rad. when t = 1 sec. Compute
travelling at 100 kph. The coefficient of friction
a. The value of ϴ at the instant when t = 3 sec. between the tires and the road is 0.90.
b. The value of at the instant when t = 3 sec
2. The rated speed of a highway curve of 60
m. radius is 50 kph . If the coefficient of friction
Banking of Highway Curves
betvveen the tires and the road is 0.60, what is
the maximum speed at which a car can round
I. Ideal Angle of Banking (Neglecting Friction) the curve without skidding?
W ϴ N
𝑊𝑉 2
𝑔𝑅
𝑣2
tan 𝜃 =
𝑔𝑅
FRICTION FORCES Angle of Friction
Friction. or Frictional Force - The force which
Angle of Friction
opposes the movement or the tendency of
movement. It is due to the resistance to 𝐹
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
motion offered by minutely projecting 𝑁
particles at the contact surfaces. Angle of Limiting Friction (max. value)
𝐹
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 = = µ𝑠
Limiting Friction - Limiting value of frictional 𝑁
force when the motion is impending. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 = µ𝑠 (impending)
Note: Friction and normal forces are always
Static Friction - Friction force when the body perpendicular
remains at rest and has a value between
zero and the limiting friction.
Properties of Friction
Property 1. If the body does not move, then
Dynamic friction - The frictional resistance the static frictional force component of fs and
experienced by the body while moving. the component of force F that is parallel to the
Dynamic friction is less than limiting friction. surface balance each other. They are equal
Coefficient of friction - A constant ratio of in magnitude, and fs is directed opposite that
the magnitude of limiting friction to the component of F
normal reaction between two surfaces.
𝐹
a. Coefficient Static of friction, µ𝑠 = Property 2. The magnitude of fs has a
𝑁
maximum value fsmax that is given by
where:
𝒇𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝝁𝒔 𝑵
F = limiting friction
If the magnitude of the component of F that is
parallel to the surface exceeds fsmax, then the
N = normal reaction between the
body begins to slide along the surface.
contact surfaces
𝐹
b. Coefficient Kinetic of friction, µ𝑘 = Property 3. If the body begins to slide along
𝑁
the surface, the magnitude of the frictional
where:
force rapidly decreases to a value fk given by
F = dynamic friction
𝒇𝒌 = 𝝁𝒌 𝑵
N = normal reaction between the
Examples:
contact surfaces
1. You want to move a 500-N crate across a
level floor. To start the crate moving, you have
to pull with a 230-N horizontal force. Once the
crate “breaks loose” and starts to move, you
can keep it moving at constant velocity with
only 200 N. What are the coefficients of static
and kinetic friction?
2. In Example 1, what is the friction force if the
crate is at rest on the surface and a horizontal
force of 50 N is applied to it?
3. In Example 1, suppose you move the crate
by pulling upward on the rope at an angle of
30° above the horizontal. How hard must you
pull to keep it moving with constant velocity?
Assume that µ𝑘 = 0.40. Calculate also the
normal force.
4. Figure 6-3a shows a force of magnitude
F=12.0 N applied to an 8.00 kg block at a
downward angle of ϴ=30.The coefficient of
static friction between block and floor is 0.70
; the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40. Does
the block begin to slide or does it remain
stationary? What is the magnitude of the
frictional force on the block?
5. A stockroom worker pushes a box with mass
11.2 kg on a horizontal surface with a constant
speed of 3.50 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic
friction between the box and the surface is
0.20.
(a) What horizontal force must the worker
apply to maintain the motion?
(b) If the force calculated in part (a) is
removed, how far does the box slide before
coming to rest?
6. Block A in the figure weighs 1.90 N, and
block B weighs 4.20N. The coefficient of kinetic
friction between all surfaces is 0.30. Find the
magnitude of the horizontal force F necessary
to drag block B to the left at constant speed if
A and B are connected by a light, flexible
cord passing around a fixed, frictionless pulley.