AI MODELLING NOTES
1. What are the two different approaches for AI modelling? Define
them.
A. There are two approaches for AI Modelling; Rule Based and Learning
Based.
The Rule based approach generates pre-defined outputs based on certain
rules programmed by humans. Whereas, machine learning approach has its
own rules based on the output and data used to train the models
2. Explain the AI Project Cycle in detail.
The steps involved in AI project cycle are as given:
The first step is Scope the Problem by which, you set the goal for
your AI project by stating the problem which you wish to solve with
it. Under problem scoping, we look at various parameters which
affect the problem we wish to solve so that the picture becomes
clearer
Next step is to acquire data which will become the base of your
project as it will help you in understanding what the parameters
that are related to problem scoping.
Next, you go for data acquisition by collecting data from various
reliable and authentic sources. Since the data you collect would be in
large quantities, you can try to give it a visual image of different
types of representations like graphs, databases, flow charts, maps,
etc. This makes it easier for you to interpret the patterns in which
your acquired data follows.
After exploring the patterns, you can decide upon the type of model
you would build to achieve the goal. For this, you can research online
and select various models which give a suitable output.
You can test the selected models and figure out which is the most
efficient one.
The most efficient model is now the base of your AI project and you
can develop your algorithm around it.
Once the modelling is complete, you now need to test your model on
some newly fetched data. The results will help you in evaluating
your model and hence improving it.
Finally, after evaluation, the project cycle is now complete and what you get
is your AI project.
3. Differentiate between rule-based and learning-based AI modelling
approaches.
Rule Based Approach: It refers to the AI modelling where the relationship
or patterns in data are defined by the developer. The machine follows the
rules or instructions mentioned by the developer, and performs its task
accordingly.
For example, suppose you have a dataset comprising of 100 images of
apples and 100 images of bananas. To train your machine, you feed this
data into the machine and label each image as either apple or banana. Now
if you test the machine with the image of an apple, it will compare the
image with the trained data and according to the labels of trained images, it
will identify the test image as an apple. This is known as Rule based
approach. The rules given to the machine in this example are the labels
given to the machine for each image in the training dataset.
Learning Based Approach: In this approach, the machine learns by itself.
It refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are
not defined by the developer. In this approach, random data is fed to the
machine and it is left on the machine to figure out patterns and trends out
of it. Generally, this approach is followed when the data is un labelled and
too random for a human to make sense out of it.
For example, suppose you have a dataset of 1000 images of random stray
dogs of your area. You would put this into a learning approach-based AI
machine and the machine would come up with various patterns it has
observed in the features of these 1000 images which you might not have
even thought of!
4. Explain the following:
a. Supervised Learning b. Unsupervised Learning
In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the
machine is labelled. It means some data is already tagged with the
correct answer. In other words, we can say that the dataset is known to
the person who is training the machine only then he/she is able to
label the data.
Unsupervised learning is the training of a machine using
information that is neither classified nor labelled and allowing the
algorithm to act on that information without guidance. Here the task
of the machine is to group unsorted information according to
similarities, patterns and differences without any prior training of
data.
5. Differentiate between classification and clustering algorithms with
the help of suitable examples
Classification is the process of finding or discovering a model (function)
which helps in separating the data into multiple categorical classes. In
classification, the group membership of the problem is identified, which
means the data is categorized under different labels according to some
parameters and then the labels are predicted for the data.
Regression is the process of finding a model or function for distinguishing
the data into continuous real values instead of using classes.
Mathematically, with a regression problem, one is trying to find the function
approximation with the minimum error deviation. In regression, the data
numeric dependency is predicted to distinguish it. The Regression analysis
is the statistical model which is used to predict the numeric data instead of
labels. It can also identify the distribution movement depending on the
available data or historic data.
Key Differences between Classification and Regression
The Classification process models a function through which the data
is predicted in discrete class labels. On the other hand, regression is
the process of creating a model which predicts continuous quantity.
The classification algorithms involve decision tree, logistic regression,
etc. In contrast, regression tree (e.g. Random forest) and linear
regression are the examples of regression algorithms.
Classification predicts unordered data while regression predicts
ordered data.
Regression can be evaluated using root mean square error. On the
contrary, classification is evaluated by measuring accuracy.
6. What is Decision Tree. Give Example
A; It is a rule-based AI model which helps the machine in predicting what
an element is with the help of various decisions (or rules) fed to it. A basic
structure of decision tree is shown below.
the Decision tree starts from the question Am I Hungry? The beginning
point of any Decision Tree is known as its Root. It then forks into two
different ways or conditions: Yes or No. The forks or diversions are known
as Branches of the tree. The branches either lead to another question, or
they lead to a decision like Go to Sleep which is known as the leaf. If you
look closely at the image above, you would notice that it looks like an
inverted tree with root above and the leaves below
*****