NETWORK

It consists of two or more computers connected to share resources (printers, scanners, etc.), to exchange files, or
allow electronic communications.

A. TYPES OF NETWORKS
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
Is a group of computers connected within an organization, building, office, etc.
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
It is like a Local Area Network (LAN) but spans an entire city or campus, or some other municipal or
organizational territory.
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
It is a network that exists over a large-scale geographical area. Like, within the city, provinces or even from
one country to another.
4. Personal Area Network (PAN)
Connection between only two computers.

B. NETWORK HARDWARE

Name Definition Picture

Access Point Is a device that lets you connect to a network, like

the internet, without using wires.

Bridge Controls network traffic by dividing a big network

into smaller parts or connecting two networks
together.

Gateway connects two networks that use different systems,

allowing data to move smoothly between them.

Router shares the internet connection with different devices

in your home, school, or office.

Hub connects several devices in a network and sends

information to all of them, which can slow things
down.

MoDem brings the internet into your home from your Internet
(Modulator–Demodulato.) Service Provider (ISP).

Switch connects several devices in a network and sends

information only to the device that needs it, making
the network faster and smoother.

C. TOPOLOGIES
1. BUS TOPOLOGY
All devices are connected to a single central cable (the bus). Data is transmitted in both directions along
the bus.
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
Easy to install. If there is a problem with the
central cable, the entire
It is easy to add extra
network stops.
workstation.
Data collision can happen as
Easy to troubleshoot.
the network becomes busy.
Low security- every
workstation can see all data
in the network.

Limited number of devices

only
 2. RING TOPOLOGY
Each device is connected to other devices, forming a circular data path.

ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
Transmission of data travels Single machines can affect others.
in one direction.
Because of its pattern, the data
No data collision. transportation becomes slower.

Easy to identify and

troubleshoot problems.

3. STAR TOPOLOGY
All devices are connected to a central hub or switch. Each device has its own cable connecting to the hub.

ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
If one connection fails it Most expensive because every
can’t affect the others. host needs a cable.
Very few data collisions Hubs and other switches may be
because every needed.
workstation has its own
cable for the server. Limited bandwidth (The central
hub or switch can only handle a
Good security because
limited amount of data at a time)
you can’t access other
units without permission
from the server.

4. MESH TOPOLOGY
Every device is connected to every other device, either fully or partially (partial mesh).
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
If one unit fails, the network Complex - because every node is
will still function as long as having a connection with all other
there are other paths nodes which consumes a lot of
available. time.
High-security levels are
High Cost − This is a measure issue of
provided. There are
mesh topology because it costs
numerous paths for data to
more because it takes all way wires
move because every unit is
one computer is connected to other
connected to every other
more computers
unit. Because of this, it is
challenging for attackers to
intercept or spy on network
data.

D. NETWORK CABLING
Registered Jack 45 Is a standardized physical network interface used for
connecting computers to LAN.

Unshielded Twisted It acts as the physical medium to which information

Pair cable signals are sent and received in a data network.

Crimping tool It is a device used to crimp the RJ45 connector to

the UTP cable.

Stripper & Scissors A wire stripper is a hand tool designed to remove

the protective covering, or jacket, from electrical
wires.

LAN tester Is a standardized physical network interface used for

connecting computers to LAN.
 D.1. Types of Network Cabling

Straight through (T568A) Crossover (T568B)

D.2 Procedures in making a network cable:

1. Unroll the required length of network cable
2. Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable.
3. Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or scrapes
4. Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between your fingers.
5. Arrange the wires based on the wiring specifications you are following
6. Press all the wires flat and parallel between your thumb and forefinger.
7. Keep the wires flat and in order as you push them into the RJ-45 plug with the flat surface of the plug on top.
8. Place the wired plug into the crimping tool
9. Repeat ALL the above steps with the other end of the cable.
10. Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the field

E. FILE SHARING
1. Go to Start and click on Control Panel. Proceed to click View network status and tasks in Control Panel window.
2. Network and Sharing Center window will appear, after that click change adapter settings.
3. Click Properties.
4. Then, click File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks if it's not tick, click OK
5. Move back to Network and Sharing Center window, select the appropriate network location type before enabling
file sharing,
6. Proceed to click on Change advanced sharing settings.
7. Locate your current profile (home or network in this case) and turn on/off the following settings. Click on Save
changes at last.
8. Right click the file or folder you plan to share, select Share with and click on Specific people...
9. click Add. In this case, I added user Guest and set the Read permission level. Finally click Share to do sharing.
10. Click Done to close the window.