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Tutorial 7

The document outlines a tutorial focused on fluid dynamics involving two immiscible fluids between parallel plates and a rotating solid sphere in a fluid. It includes tasks such as deriving momentum balance equations, integrating to find fluid velocity fields, applying boundary conditions, and analyzing shear stress profiles. Additionally, it addresses the shape of the free surface in fluid flow between two coaxial cylinders due to the rotation of the inner cylinder.

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2 views1 page

Tutorial 7

The document outlines a tutorial focused on fluid dynamics involving two immiscible fluids between parallel plates and a rotating solid sphere in a fluid. It includes tasks such as deriving momentum balance equations, integrating to find fluid velocity fields, applying boundary conditions, and analyzing shear stress profiles. Additionally, it addresses the shape of the free surface in fluid flow between two coaxial cylinders due to the rotation of the inner cylinder.

Uploaded by

kartik10984agrawal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial 7 - CLL110B

1. Consider the below situation where two immiscible fluids are flowing between 2 infinite
parallel plates, such that their interface is flat. You may consider the interface at 𝑦 = 0
and the two plates at 𝑦 = +𝐻1 , 𝑦 = −𝐻2 . Given that the fluid is flowing in the 𝑥-direction
due to a constant applied pressure gradient (say, 𝑃0 /𝐿) by a pump far upstream, using
shell momentum balance:
I. Write down the relevant momentum balance equations appropriate for this
situation.
II. Integrate it to obtain the fluid velocity field in both fluids.
III. Determine the constants by applying the appropriate boundary condition,
namely, the no-slip condition at both walls, continuity of tangential velocity
𝑣𝑥 |1 = 𝑣𝑥 |2 (which is the dynamic boundary condition) and continuity of
tangential stress 𝜏𝑥𝑦 at the interface. The continuity of tangential velocity, which
as the name suggests is a dynamic choice we are making. A no-slip equivalent
for fluids. As it turns out, this choice works in most cases and has been adopted
here. There is no fundamental first-principle basis for it though.
IV. Write down the shear stress expression in both liquids, and plot the shear stress
profile in the entire domain (𝑦 = 𝐻1 to 𝑦 = −𝐻2 ), assuming that Fluid 2 is flowing
faster.
V. Find the volumetric flow rate of the two fluids per unit depth.

2. Consider a solid sphere immersed in a fluid and rotating with a constant angular
velocity Ω about the 𝑧-axis. Draw a schematic of the problem with the sphere centered
at the origin. You may assume the coordinate system such that 𝑥 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙, 𝑦 =
𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙 and 𝑧 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃. Assume that the velocity field is unidirectional with 𝑣𝜙 =
𝑣𝜙 (𝑟, 𝜃) by symmetry of the problem, and the same applies to the pressure field 𝑃 =
𝑃 (𝑟, 𝜃). Write down the boundary condition on the surface of the sphere. Obtain the
velocity and pressure fields of the fluid due to the rotating sphere. Consider the
boundary conditions: 𝑃 → 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑔𝑟 cos 𝜃 far from the sphere at 𝑧 = 0; 𝑣𝑟 → 0, 𝑣𝜙 →
0, 𝑣𝜃 → 0 as 𝑟 → ∞. You may use the approach of separation of variables approach:
𝑣𝜙 = 𝑓(𝑟)𝑔(𝜃) and consider 𝑔(𝜃) = sin 𝜃, a choice motivated by the boundary
condition which you may have written. Assume Stokes equations only.
Hint: You’ll get an equidimensional ODE to solve for in 𝑓 (𝑟). That is, an ODE that is
invariant under the transformation 𝑟 → 𝑎𝑟. Does the form 𝑓 (𝑟) = 𝑟 𝑛 yield a solution?

3. Obtain the shape of the free surface of fluid flowing in the annular region between two
vertically placed co-axial cylinders because the inner cylinder is rotating with an
angular velocity Ω. Assume the radii of the two cylinders as 𝑅, 𝜅𝑅 where (𝜅 < 1).

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