ISMAEL MATHAY SR.

HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City
1
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

“Imagine you're building

a calculator app”.
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

What happens if the

user tries to divide by
zero?
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

•For integers (int, long):

• Division by zero causes a runtime error.
• Specifically, Java throws an ArithmeticException.
• Example:
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

• For floating-point numbers (, ):

• Division by zero does not throw an exception.
• Instead, Java follows IEEE 754 floating-point rules:
• Positive number ÷ 0 →
• Negative number ÷ 0 →
• 0 ÷ 0 → (Not a Number)
import [Link]; case '-':
public class SimpleCalculator { result = num1 - num2;
public static void main(String[] args) { [Link]("Result: " + result);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner([Link]); break;
case '*':
// Ask user for two numbers [Link]("Enter result = num1 * num2;
first number: "); [Link]("Result: " + result);
double num1 = [Link](); break;
[Link]("Enter second number: "); case '/':
double num2 = [Link](); if (num2 != 0) {
result = num1 / num2;
// Ask user for operation [Link]("Choose [Link]("Result: " + result);
an operation (+, -, *, /): "); } else {
char operator = [Link]().charAt(0); [Link]("Error: Division by zero is not
allowed.");
double result; }
// Perform calculation based on operator break;
switch (operator) { default:
case '+': [Link]("Invalid operator!");
result = num1 + num2; break;
[Link]("Result: " + result); }
break; [Link]();
}}
import [Link]; case '-':
public class SimpleCalculator { result = num1 - num2;
public static void main(String[] args) { [Link]("Result: " + result);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner([Link]); break;
case '*':
// Ask user for two numbers [Link]("Enter result = num1 * num2;
first number: "); [Link]("Result: " + result);
double num1 = [Link](); break;
[Link]("Enter second number: "); case '/’:
double num2 = [Link](); result = num1 / num2;
[Link]("Result: " + result);
// Ask user for operation [Link]("Choose break; default:
an operation (+, -, *, /): "); [Link]("Invalid operator!");
char operator = [Link]().charAt(0); break;
}
double result; [Link]();
// Perform calculation based on operator }}
switch (operator) {
case '+':
result = num1 + num2;
[Link]("Result: " + result);
break;
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

How Exceptions Alter Normal

Program Flow
“Using Try-Catch Blocks”
 Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
o Explain what exceptions are and how they disrupt normal
program flow.
o Identify common types of exceptions in Java.
o Use try-catch blocks to handle exceptions and maintain
program stability.
o Predict and trace program output with and without exception
handling.
 Key Improvements:
•Outer try-catch: Catches invalid inputs (like
entering text instead of numbers).
•Inner try-catch for division: Handles division by
zero safely.
•finally block: Ensures the scanner is closed and
prints a closing message.
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

Key Points About Exceptions in Java

•Definition:
An exception is an object that represents an
error or unexpected event in a program.

•Thrown at runtime:
Unlike compile-time errors, exceptions occur
while the program is running.
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

Types of exceptions:
- Checked exceptions:
Must be handled using try-catch or declared with throws.
Examples: IOException, SQLException.
- Unchecked exceptions:
Occur due to programming mistakes and don’t need
explicit handling. Examples: ArithmeticException,
NullPointerException.
- Errors:
Serious problems that applications usually cannot recover
from (e.g., OutOfMemoryError).
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

Handling mechanism
- try block
→ contains code that may cause an exception.
- catch block
→ handles the exception if it occurs.
- finally block
→ always executes, often used to close resources.
- throw keyword
→ used to explicitly throw an exception.
- throws keyword
→ used in method signatures to declare exceptions.
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

public class ExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int num = 10 / 0; // Division by zero
[Link]("Result: " + num);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
[Link]("Error: Division by zero is not allowed!");
} finally {
[Link]("Program finished.");
}
}
}
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

Why Exceptions Matter

➢ They prevent program crashes by catching errors
gracefully.
➢ They make code more robust and reliable.
➢ They allow developers to separate error-handling
logic from normal program logic.
 ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay Sangandaan , Quezon City

In short: Exceptions are Java’s way of signaling

and handling runtime problems so your program
can continue running safely.
Would you like me to also create a visual diagram
showing the flow of try → catch → finally for
your students? That could make the concept more
intuitive.
 Java Try-Catch Sample: Handling FileNotFoundException
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class FileReadExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File file = new File("[Link]");
Scanner reader = new Scanner(file);
while ([Link]()) {
String line = [Link]();
[Link](line);
}
[Link]();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
[Link]("Error: File not found.");
}
[Link]("Program continues after the catch block.");
}}
Java Try-Catch Sample: Handling Array Index Errors
public class ArrayExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30};

try {
[Link]("Accessing index 5: " + numbers[5]);
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
[Link]("Error: Index is out of bounds.");
}
[Link]("Program continues after the catch
block.");
}
}