UNIT-5
Q1- What is CAD? What are the main benefits of it?
Q2- What is CAD? List out 5 advantages of CAD as compared to conventional drafting.
Q3- What is CAD software? Name any 2 popular software used for drafting.
Q4- Write short note on AUTOCAD and also give its advantages & disadvantages.
Q5- Write down 3 advantages & Limitations of Computer Aided drafting (CAD).
Q6- Give 2 limitations of conventional drafting & 3 advantages of computer aided drafting.
Q7- state & explain Any 10 EDIT/MODIFY commands used in CAD software.
Q8- State & explain Any 10 DRAW commands used in CAD software.
Q9- Explain various commands used for Transformation of an object.
Q10- Mention any 4 methods by which a circle can be drawn using AUTOCAD.
Q11- Write the Steps for Drawing a Pentagon of 50mm side.
Q12- Write the steps to draw a Rectangle of size 100mm*60mm with the help of Line command.
Q13- Explain any 2 methods for drawing an Arc in AutoCAD.
CAD- Computer Aided Designing/Drafting defined as the use of digital computers to assists
designers in the Creation, Modification, Analysis, Optimization & Documentation of a design
activity.
Modern CAD systems are based on the use of interactive computer graphics which is in fact a user
oriented system making of computer to create, transform & display data in the form of pictures &
symbols. The design process in CAD method is basically same as in conventional design procedure
& thus involves all the following necessary steps.
1- Establishing basic requirements
2- Defining Problem & writing Specification
3- Synthesis & Analysis
4- Optimization
5- Testing
6- Documentation
Advantages of CAD-
1- It increases the accuracy & productivity of the designer.
2- It allows design alteration to be made easily.
3- It offers better visualization through colours.
4- It improves the quality of drawing produced.
5- Drawings are easier to store & retrieve.
6- Storage space required is less.
7- Transfer of drawings is faster & cheaper.
8- It permits the use of library of standard symbols for more productive CAD work.
9- Rendering facility.
Line- The minimum distance between two points is called line. This command is used to create a series of
continuous line segments.
Command- Type L Press Enter
LINE Specify first point: Type (0,0) press Enter
Specify next point or [Undo]: Type (50,0) press Enter
Specify next point or [Undo]: Press Enter
Circle-
There are 6 types of ways by which we can draw circle in Autocad.
1- Center Radius Method
2- Center Diameter Method
3- Two Point Method
4- Three Point Method
5- Tangent Tangent Radius Method (TTR)
6- Tangent Tangent Tangent Method (TTT)
Command- Type C press Enter
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Type(0,0) press Enter
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Type 25 press Enter
Rectangle- This command is used to create rectangles directly in place of LINE command.
Command- Type REC press Enter
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Type (0,0) press Enter
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: Type (100,50) press Enter
Ellipse- This command is used to draw an ellipse.
Command- Type EL Press Enter
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Type (0,0) press Enter
Specify other endpoint of axis: Type(100,0) press Enter
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Type 25 press Enter
Polygon- This command is used to draw regular polygons. The numbers of sides vary from 3 to 1024.
Command- Type POL Press Enter
POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>: Type 5 press Enter
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Type (0,0) press Enter
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: Type i press Enter
Specify radius of circle: Type 50 press Enter
Point- A Point that has no dimension. It can only be identified by relative position with the coordinate axis.
Command- Type PO press Enter
Specify a point: Type (0, 0) press Enter
Arc- This command is used to draw arc which is defined as a part of a circle.
we can draw arc in Autocad by 10 methods.
Command- Type A Press Enter
ARC Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Type(0,0) press Enter
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Type(100,50) press Enter
Specify end point of arc: Type( 100,200) press Enter
Donut-A circle having width is called donut.
Specify inside diameter of donut <10.0000>: Type 1 press Enter
Specify outside diameter of donut <20.0000>:Type 2 press Enter
Specify center of donut or <exit>: Type (0,0) press Enter
XLine- This command is used to draw lines that extend to infinity in both directions, known as construction
lines, & can be used as reference for creating other objects.
Command- Type XL press Enter
Specify First point- Type (0,0) press Enter
Specify Through Point- Type (50,0) press Enter
Modify Commands
Erase- This command is used to remove complete or part of a drawing.
Command- Type E press enter
Select objects: Click on any object
Select objects: Press Enter key then object will be erased.
Move- This command is used to move or displace a part of the drawing to a new location at a specified
distance & direction.
Command- Type M press Enter
Select objects: Select Circle & press Enter key
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>:Select center point of circle as a base point & press
Enter key.
Fig.-Old position
Fig.-New position
Copy- This command is used to make multiple copies of a part or complete drawing.
Command- Type CO press Enter
Select objects: select circle as a object & press Enter key
Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>: Select center point of circle as a base point
& pick any where on the screen to make multiple copy of that object
Fig.- Before copying
Fig-After Copying
Rotate- This command is used to rotate the drawing or a part of it around a base point.
Command- Type RO press Enter
Select Object- Select Rectangle & press Enter
Specify Base Point- Select one corner of Rectangle & press Enter
Specify Rotation Angle- Type 45 & press Enter
After Rotating
Mirror- This command is used to make a mirror copy of the selected objects about a specified line. They are
mostly used for drawing symmetrical elements.
Command- Type MI press Enter
Array- This command is used to create multiple copies of objects in a regular pattern either rectangular or
polar. By default the maximum number of array elements that you can generate in one command is 1 lac.
Command- Type AR press Enter
Scale- This command is used to enlarge or reduce selected objects proportionally.
Command- Type SC press Enter
Specify Object- Select object press Enter
Specify Base point- Select Base Point press Enter
Specify Scale Factor- Type (<1 or>1) press Enter
Trim- This command is used to trim objects at a cutting edge defined by other objects.
Command- Type TR press Enter
Select objects- press Enter key
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]- Trimmed that part
Extend- This command is used to extend an object to meet another object.
Command- Type EX press Enter
Select objects or <select all>- Select boundary edge & press Enter
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]- Select extended edge & press Escape key
Break – This command is used to break and remove the selected object between two points.
Command- Type BR press Enter
Select object- Select line
Specify second break point or [First point]: Type F press Enter
Specify first break point: Type (0, 0) press Enter
Specify second break point: Type (20, 0) press Enter
Join- This command is used to join objects to form a single, unbroken object. It is the opposite of breaking
objects.
Command- Type J press Enter