INDEX
Aircraft General …………………………………………………………………………………………………Pg 6
Auto Flight …………………………………………………………………………………………………………Pg 10
Introduction…….pg 10
FMGC……………pg 14
MCDU……………pg 17
FCU……………….pg 34
Flight Management….pg 40
Flight Guidance..pg 59
AP/FD Modes…..pg 76
Limitations……..pg 98
Communication……………………………………………………………………………………………Pg 103
Radio Comm. ….pg 107
Inter comm ……..pg 112
CVR……………….pg 123
ACARS………….pg 125
ECAS…………….pg 127
ELT……………….pg 129
Maint. Sys…….pg 130
Flight Controls……………………………………………………………………………………………..Pg132
Side stick ……..pg 135
Control…………..pg 139
Pitch normal law …. pg 149
PNL (Protection)……pg 154
Lateral Normal Law..pg 163
LNL (Protection)…….pg 166
Reconfig. Law………..pg 169
Slats & Flaps………….pg 178
Limitations……………pg 186
Normal Proc……………pg 187
Abnormal Proc………..pg 196
Indicating & Recording…………………………………………………………………………….Pg 200
ECAM Display………….pg 208
Warning & Cautions…pg 214
PFD …………………………pg 222
Nav Display………………pg 232
Clock & Recording……..pg 239
Navigation……………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 245
ADIRS……………………………………….pg 248
Controls & Indication…………………..pg 252
Standby Inst. ……………………………pg 256
Radio Navigation………………………..pg 258
Radio alt & Weather Rad. ……………pg 270
GPWS/EGPWS…………………………..Pg 275
TCAS………………………………………….pg 288
Normal Procedures………………………..pg 300
Abnormal Procedures…………………….pg 303
Electrical …………………………………………………………………………………………………….pg 306
AC Generator………………………………..pg 309
AC Buses……………………………………..pg 316
DC Power System………………………….pg 321
DC Buses………………………………………pg 325
External Power………………………………pg 328
Emergency Gen. ………………………….pg 332
Normal Procedures…………………………pg 335
Abnormal Procedures……………………..pg 338
APU………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..pg 343
Components………………………………….pg 346
ECAM Display………………………………pg 348
Limitations…………………………………..pg 351
APU Start…………………………………….pg 352
APU Shutdown……………………………..pg 354
Pneumatics…………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 356
Engine Bleed……………………………….pg 358
APU Bleed……………………………………pg 362
Bleed Monitoring Computers………….pg 364
Crossbleed Valve……………………………pg 365
Leak Detection………………………………pg 367
Normal Procedures………………………..pg 369
Abnormal Procedures…………………….pg 372
Air Cond. , Pressurization & Ventilation……………………………………………….pg 374
Air Conditioning Components……….pg 376
Air Cond. Temp & Flow Control……….pg 381
Controls & Indications……………………pg 384
Normal Procedures…………………………pg 389
Abnormal Procedures……………………..pg 391
Pressurisation system …………………..pg 398
Pressurization Modes……………………..pg 401
Pressurization Controls & Indication..pg405
Ventilation…………………………………….pg 409
Ventilation Components & Config. …..pg 411
Cargo Vent. & Heating System. ……….pg 417
Hydraulics………………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 420
Hydraulic pumps…………………………….pg 422
PTU & RAT……………………………………..pg 427
Reservoir & Valves…………………………….pg 430
Hydraulic Flow Path…………………………pg 432
Abnormal Procedures………………………..pg 433
Landing Gear…………………………………………………………………………………………………..pg 439
Landing Gears & Doors……………………..pg 443
Normal Braking………………………………pg 448
Alternate Braking……………………………pg 453
Nose Wheel Steering…………………………pg 455
Tire Pressure Indicating System……….pg 457
Normal Procedures……………………………pg 458
Abnormal Procedures………………………..pg 462
Fuel……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 467
Fuel Storage…………………………………….pg 469
Fuel Pumps………………………………………pg 473
FQI & FLSS……………………………………..pg 477
Refuel & Defuel…………………………………pg 479
Limitations……………………………………..pg 481
Normal Procedures……………………………pg 482
Abnormal Procedures………………………..pg 484
Ice & Rain…………………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 487
Wing Anti-ice………………………………….pg 489
Engine Anti-ice………………………………..pg 491
Window/Probe Heat……………………………pg 493
Rain Removal…………………………………..pg 495
Normal Procedures…………………………….pg 496
Abnormal Procedures…………………………pg 497
Powerplant…………………………………………………………………………………………………….pg 499
FADEC……………………………………………..pg 453
Thrust Control System………………………pg 505
Fuel System……………………………………..pg 508
Oil System……………………………………….pg 511
Air System……………………………………….pg 512
Thrust Reverser System……………………..pg 515
Ignition & Starting……………………………pg 517
Limitations……………………………………….pg 523
Normal Procedures……………………………..pg 526
Abnormal Procedures………………………….pg 529
Oxygen……………………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 533
Cockpit Fixed Oxygen System……pg 534
Cabin Fixed Oxygen System……..pg 538
Portable O2/Smoke Hood……………pg 540
Fire Protection ………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 541
Engines& APU………………………….pg 543
Avionics Bay……………………………pg 547
Lavatory…………………………………..pg 548
Cargo Compartment…………………..pg 549
Normal Procedures…………………….pg 551
Abnormal Procedures…………………pg 553
Information Systems…………………………………………………………………………………..pg 556
Airline Ops Control System(AOC)..pg 559
CNS/ATM……………………………….pg 561
Equipments…………………………………………………………………………………………………….pg 563
Doors………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..pg 569
Lighting……………………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 575
Water & Waste………………………………………………………………………………………………pg 585
Aircraft General
There are two large
cargo compartments
and one bulk
baggage
compartment under
the main cabin floor
of the aircraft.
The steerable nosewheel is controlled by two algebraically
interconnected steering handwheels, located on the Captain and First
Officer's side consoles, which can steer the nose wheel up to 75 ° in
either direction.
The Steering system is also fly-by-wire with no direct mechanical
linkage between the handwheels and the nosewheel. The minimum
radius dimensions are displayed. Note the arc that the wing describes,
forward of the aircraft nose.
The antennas for the navigation and communication equipment are
installed at various locations on the aircraft.
various ground service connections and access panels
Auto Flight
Introduction
In this lesson we will discuss:
> Autoflight reference
> Flight Management Guidance System (FMGS): general
> Flight Management Guidance System (FMGS): components
> Autoflight guidance
The FMGS is
comprised of 2
Flight
Management
Guidance
Computers
(FMGCs), 2
Multipurpose
Control Display
Units (MCDUs),
1 Flight Control
Unit (FCU), and
2 Flight
Augmentation
Computers
(FACs). Note: a
third
MCDU is
optional.
MCDU 1 and 2 are located on the pedestal, and are used to interface with the
FMGCs, for flight plan construction, monitoring, and revision. Additional
peripherals including: Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS), Aircraft
Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS), and Air
Traffic Service Unit (ATSU) can also be accessed.
The FCU located on the glareshield, has controls for short-term pilot selected
guidance, and controls for the AP and autothrust functions.
The FMGCs display flight guidance and navigation data on the 2 Primary
Flight Displays (PFDs), and the 2 Navigation Displays (NDs).
The PFDs and NDs are controlled through their respective Electronic Flight
Instrument System (EFIS) control panel, located on the glareshield.
The thrust levers are the main interface between the pilot, and the
Thrust Control system. When the autothrust is active, engine thrust
is set by the FMGS through the Full Authority Digital Engine
Control (FADEC).
The thrust levers act only as thrust rating limiters, and do not move
as engine thrust varies.
There are 2 types of guidance possible within the Autoflight system: managed
and selected. In managed guidance, the aircraft is guided by the FMGS along a
preplanned route with lateral, vertical, and speed profile computations.
Selected guidance is short-term guidance selected by the pilot through the FCU.
Selected guidance always has priority over managed guidance.
In Flight , Managed mode can be selected by pushing FCU . To confirm that a manage
mode has been engaged , the flight crew should check the FMA in PFD.
Selected mode can be engaged using FCU. To confirm that a set selected mode target has
been set in the FCU , pull the knob.
Whenever the FCU engages a selected mode, it can be confirmed through FMA (Flight
mode annunciator) or PFD (Primary Flight Display).
FMGC
In this lesson we will discuss Flight Management Guidance Computer (FMGC):
• Functions
• Database
› Operational modes
The 2 FMGCs each have 2 main
sections, the Flight Management
section and the Flight Guidance
section. The Flight Management
section controls the functions of;
navigation,
which includes position
computation and the automatic
tuning of required navigation
radios; flight planning, which
includes lateral and vertical
functions; the prediction and
optimization of performance; and,
the management of the Primary
Flight, Navigation and MCDU
Displays.
The Flight Guidance section
controls the functions of the AP, the
Flight Director and the autothrust.
When you press Expedite climb—The a/c flies green dot speed .
When you press expedite desend —The a/c flies 340 kts.
Note= On application of T/O power(TOGA Power) , the A/c by default goes to HDG V/S
mode.
Each FMGC has a self-contained database, which has 2 fields. 1 field, which is not
modifiable by the pilot, contains navigation data for company routes, waypoints,
airways, holding patterns, airports, runways, airport procedures, navaids, fuel policy,
and alternates.
This field is customized to suit the individual airline, and is usually updated every
28 days. Confirming the current database in use is done by selecting the A/C
STATUS page at Line Select Key (LSK) 4L.
A second smaller field, allows the pilot to temporarily enter and store up to 20
waypoints, 10 runways, 20 navaids and 5 routes.
The FMGC also has an integrated performance database, used by the Flight
Management section, to compute predictions, which is not accessible by the airline or
pilot.
The FMGS has 4 modes of operation:
Dual, Independent, Single, and Back-up
Navigation. When operating in the
normal Dual mode, the 2 FMGCs each
perform their own computations and
exchange data on a crosstalk bus.
Data entered into either MCDU is
transferred to both FMGCs and all
peripherals. In the event that one MCDU
fails, all data is retained in the other.
The FMGS operates in the
degraded Independent mode,
when there is a major
mismatch in database or
program compatibility
between the two FMGCs.
When this occurs, both
FMGCs work independently
and control only their on-
side peripherals.
A message in amber stating
INDEPENDENT
OPERATION comes up on
both MCDU scratchpads.
Any entry on one MCDU is
transmitted only to its
respective FMGC.
In order to get similar Flight
Director / AP orders,
identical entries must be
made on both MCDUs.
The FMGS operates in the degraded Single mode, if one FMGC fails. When this
occurs, the MCDU MENU page appears with an FMGC time out message.
When the FMGC function prompt is selected, the MCDU screen returns with the
message OPP FMGC IN PROCESS. The remaining FMGC controls all peripherals,
and both MCDUs control or display data from the remaining FMGC.
The NAV Display associated with the failed FMGC must be set to the same range
and mode as the opposite NAV Display, otherwise a message, MAP NOT AVAIL
and SELECT OFFSIDE RANGE / MODE is displayed.
The FMGS operates in the degraded
Back-up Navigation mode, if both
FMGCs fail.
MCDU
In this lesson we will discuss the Multipurpose Control Display Unit
(MCDU):
> Display
> Page / function keys
• Annunciators
> Display review
The MCDU MENU key
accesses the MCDU MENU
index page, which has
prompts for selecting the
available subsystems. The
Aircraft Integrated Data
system, and the CFDS are
normally maintenance
subsystems.
To access the FMGC, select
the LSK to the left of the
FMGC prompt.
Interaction between
Auto Thrust & APFD
When a/thrst maintaining a speed target SPEED MODE , APFD maintains
pitch(vertical tragectory).
If auto thrust is in thrust mode then APFD maintains speed target (by pitching), in
this case if APFD are not available then auto thrust reverts back to speed mode to revert
speed target.
PFD Columns- FMA
Vertical
Thrust mode Lateral Approach
Modes of Engagement status
Mode Capability
AP/FD AP, FD , Auto Thrust
The MCDU screen is capable
of displaying up to 14 lines,
with up to 24 characters in
each line. The first line is
the current page title.
The next 12 lines are,
alternatively, a label line,
followed by a data field line.
Each label line, names the
data field line displayed
directly below it.
The last line on the screen is the
scratchpad line. FMGC generated
messages are displayed here, as
well as characters typed by the pilot
on the alpha / numeric keyboard.
Data typed into the scratchpad is
loaded into the appropriate data
field by pressing the adjacent
LSK. The referencing of the LSK
is: 1L to 6L for the left-hand side,
and 1R to 6R for the right-hand
side.
Init B pg disappears 10sec after
eng. start, to check fuel info in this
case press fuel pred key.
The MCDU displays data in two
font sizes and in various colours.
The title line is displayed in large
font, usually white. Label lines are
displayed in small white font.
Pilot entered, and modifiable data
in data fields, is displayed in
large blue font. The FMGS
computed or non-modifiable data
is displayed in green font.
Data in the scratchpad is in large
font. Amber boxes indicate that
data insertion is mandatory. Blue
brackets indicate that data
insertion is possible, but not
mandatory.
The CLR key is used to erase FMGC
messages, and pilot-entered data from
the scratchpad, or to clear data in data
fields. To clear FMGC messages in the
scratchpad, the CLR key is pressed once.
To clear pilot-entered data in the
scratchpad, pressing the CLR key once
will erase the last character entered;
pressing it for 3 sec, will clear all of the
text in the scratchpad. Select and hold
the CLR key.
To clear data in a data field, the CLR
key is pressed once to annunciate clear
in the scratchpad, then the adjacent
LSK is pressed to clear the data from the
field. Select the CLR key, then LSK 3L
to clear KEDGE from the flight plan.
The FMGS displays information on the
MCDU using three different page types,
which are accessed in various ways. The first
type displays a prompt of two vertical arrows
in the lower right corner of the display, when
the information is too long to fit within the
screen.
Scrolling the page up or down, line by line
is accomplished using the slew keys.
The second type displays a horizontal arrow
prompt, in the top right corner of the page,
when information is displayed on two
consecutive pages. Pressing the NEXT PAGE
keys will sequence the pages.
The third type displays a caret or star
prompt, when successive pages containing
different types of information are available.
Pressing the LSK adjacent to the prompt will
access the required page.
The page keys, when
pressed, display the
associated page
required for access to
flight management
functions and
computations, and
data entry.
Init Key
The INIT key accesses the flight
plan initialization A page. The
pilot uses this page to insert the
wind data pg
origin and destination, a
company routing, or city pair
routing, the FLT NBR, and to
access the INIT IRS page to align
the Inertial Reference System
(IRS).
Once those initial fields are
filled in, the ALTN airport,
COST INDEX, the initial cruise
altitude with planned Outside
Air Temperature (OAT), and the
tropopause altitude are
programmed.
There is also a prompt to access
the WIND data page. This page
allows the pilot to request and
view uplinked winds. If
uplinked winds are unavailable,
the history winds, recorded
winds at various flight levels
during the last leg descent, can
Init B Page
be inserted instead.
The initialization B page has two mandatory
Returning to the INIT A page,
data fields to complete: the Zero Fuel Weight
the upper right corner has an
(ZFW) / Zero Fuel Weight Centre of Gravity
arrow, which indicates that a
(ZFWCG), and the BLOCK fuel on board. The
next page is available. Select the
remaining data fields are computed by the
NEXT PAGE key to access the
FMGCs,
INIT B page.
and if shown in blue font, can be modified by
the pilot. The INIT B page is not available 15
sec after the first engine start.
Flight Plan Key
The F-PLN key accesses the flight
plan A page, containing a leg-by-
leg description of the active
primary flight plan, with time,
speed and altitude predictions. The
top line is the "FROM" waypoint;
the second line is the "TO"
waypoint, which is always
displayed in white. The
destination airport at the bottom of
the screen, is also displayed in
white. Note the slew prompt arrows
in the bottom right corner of the
page.
Since this page is too long to fit
onto the screen, the up and down
slew keys are used to scroll
through the flight plan. Select the
slew key to scroll the flight plan
one line.
In the top right corner of the page is
the next page prompt, indicating
that another page is available.
Pressing the NEXT PAGE key
accesses the flight plan B page,
which displays FMGC computed
fuel predictions and interpolated
winds at each waypoint.
It is possible to enter forecast &
eroute winds into the data fields,
using the right-hand LSKs.