LAB MANUE
VIT Y A2
scale byprinciple ofmoments.
AIM
body using a metre
mass of agiven
To determine the
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL
REQUIRED load of unknown mass
(wooden/metallic) or a glass prism,
edge wedge
Metre rod, sharpedand a wooden block.
weight box, thread
THEORY gravity of a body is a point at which the resultant of the
centre of the whole weight of the
Centre of gravity. The particles of the body acts i.e., a point where
gravitational forces on all the
to act. the axis of rofation .
body may be assumed effect of aforce about
is aturning distance betwos
Torque or moment of force. It the force and the perpendicular
measured as the product of the magnitude of
and axis of rotation.
force
the line of action of the
distance = Force x Lever arm
Torque = Force x Perpendicular
T= Fxd
or
negative.
Anticlockwise torque is positive while clockwise torque is
equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise
Principle of moments. When a body isunder rotational
anticlockwise moments about that point or
moments about any point is equal to the sum of the
the algebraic um of the moments about any point is zero.
or in rotational equilibrium
According to the principle of moments, the rod will be horizontal
about the pivot O if
Anticlockwise moment =Clockwise moment 70 80 90 100
l0 10 20 30 40 50 60
iluuluul
Load x Load arm= Effort x Effort arm
mm8x d, =M;8x d, sandard
mass
Unknown
mass
.: Unknown mass,
Fig. 3
WORKING DIAGRAM
d B
20 50 60
o Metre
scale
Wedge
Unknown Standard
mass mass
Wooden
block
Fig. 4 Determining the mass of a given body
Section A: ACTIVITIES
PROCEDURE
awooden block of suitable height on a table and then
a wO0den metre scale on the wedge
place asharp edged wedge over it
with itS graduated side facing up. Adiust the
bre scale on the wedge till it gets balanced or becomes almost
cale above the wedge where the scale is balanced. Withhorizontal. Mark two pointe
the help of a sharp pencil
these points by a straight line. The centre of gravity G of the scale lies
on this line.
Throughout the experiment, the metre sScale has to be placed on the centre of gravity
he wedge even if the Scale Gon
topples over from the wedge due to any reason.
Make two small loops of cotton thread. By means of one loop, suspend the
load of unknown
mass n, on the left side of the scale at a distance of about 10 cm from its end
.Calot a standard mass m, from the weight box which feels nearly equal to the
mass m, and suspend it by unknown
means of another loop on the right side of the scale.
E Adiust the position of known mass m, by moving the loop till the metre scale gets balanced
on the sharp wedge. In the final balanced position, make sure that line drawn on the
scale
nassing through Glies exactly over the sharp wedge and the threads of the loops passing the
scale are parallel to scale graduations.
Dga, = Sox lox
in heAANGE
PRECAUTIONS
L. The edge of wedge should be sharp.
determined accurately
he position of the centre of gravity G of the metre scale should be
and fulcrum should lie at Gin all observations.
Small loops of thin, light and strong thread should be used.
95
SOURCES OF ERROR
1. The edge of the wedge may not be sharp.
length of the metre scale due to
Z. MasS per unit length may not be samne along the entire
variation in its thickness and width.
wedge.
3. The fulcrum may change due to unnoticed slipping of the metre scale on the
4. In the balanced position, threads of the loops may not be parallel to the wedge. This will
introduce error in the measurement of load and efforts arms.
5. It is difficult to adjust the balance position of the scale accurately. A small tilt even of 1° will
introduce error in the measurement of the mass of the load.
VIVAVOCE