CPR Introduction
CPR Introduction
uk
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CONTENTS
countries—————————————————————————4
Labelling ————————————————————————14
CPR Compliance—————————————————————15
What is Construction Products Regulation (CPR)?
The latest fire protection findings are put into practice in modern new buildings. Fire protection
legislation has also evolved over the past few years. However, it is not economically feasible to
adapt every building to the current standard. In the event of a fire, visitors to the building often have
very little time to escape the fire. Often, the greatest danger is not the flames themselves, but the
formation of smoke and toxic gases that are produced when plastics are burned. These can cause
irreversible damage to the lungs in no time at all.
In order to curb this risk, construction materials are tested and classified for their fire behaviour.
One of the most important classifications is the CPR classification. The CPR is the European
legislation that includes all types of products used in the building industry e.g. doors, windows,
cement, plasterboard etc. Anything that is fixed into the fabric of the building is within the scope
and must comply.
The Construction Productions Regulation (CPR) is the building materials directive of the European
CE marking. CPR covers all building products, including cables, classified by its reaction to fire
behavior. The EU published Regulation 2016/364 in March 2016, which sets out fire ratings and
corresponding test methods for all types of construction materials, including electrical cables. Also
according to European Commission Notice 2015/C 378/03, EN 50575 has officially become the
standard for reaction to fire requirements for wire and cable for construction in July 2016 and the
standard will be officially implemented from 1 July 2017. As of 1st July 2017, it became obligatory
for cables, having an intended use for permanent installation in domestic, commercial and
industrial premises and other civil engineering works anywhere in the European Union to comply
with the Construction Products Regulation (CPR). It applies to power, communications and fibre
optic cables irrespective of manufacturing locations. The cable products manufactured and sold
after this date will need to comply with the standard EN 50575, which classifies wire and cable fire
ratings according to their behavior of heat of combustion, heat release & smoke production, vertical
flame propagation, smoke density and acidity & acid gas content.
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Currently it only relates to the way cables react to fire not the way they resist fire (continue to
operate in a fire). Therefore this relates to those cables that are NOT designed to resist fire. This
includes PVC and LSHF armoured, flat twin and earth and single core, and many others including
data and optical cables. If they’re fixed into the fabric of the building they are in scope. Appliance
power flexes aren’t in scope, or those just buried in the ground and not entering a building.
CPR is mandatory for all European countries, but the minimum CPR requirements may vary
from country to country. Some countries have implemented a minimum classification and some
countries have adopted a risk assessment methodology based on the type of installation or its fire
suppression system.
Different classes require different criteria to be applied. Therefore, cables will be made and tested
to achieve the requirements of a particular class. It is not just the way they’re made and tested, it
involves who tested them and how the manufacturing process is controlled. Cable cannot simply
“jump up class” by tweaking the manufacturing or doing some more tests. Class B1ca cable could
be sold as Class Cca (as Class B1ca is superior to Class Cca), but Class Cca cannot be sold as
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Class B1ca.
CPR Requirement as of
Countries Installation Conditions
1st July 2017
F2:Cables in bundles and in vertical position which
Cca, S1, a1
do not propagate the flame in the test conditions.
F1: Cables simply laid and in the test conditions
Belgium
that do not propagate the flame and extinguish
Eca minimum
themselves within a short distance of the fire that
has ignited them
Denmark All areas Eca
Local Wiring Regulations Eca
Finland
Buildings with a high density of people Dca
Underground stations and tunnels B2ca, s1a,d1,a1
Very high rise buildings
Offices with height >28m
France Cca,s1,d1,a1
Offices having >700 people
Data Centers and Server/Routing Rooms
All others Dca,s2,d2,a2
All evacuation routes
Data Centers & Server Rooms
B2ca,s1,d1,a1
Germany Rail / Road tunnels
Hospitals
All others Cca,s1,d2,a1
All evacuation routes Cca,s1,d1,a1
All others Dca,s2,d2
Iceland Spaces equipped with a fire alarm or an automatic
fire suppression system, a cable class of one step
lower than required may be used
Ireland Likely to follow UK
Train and Underground Stations B2ca,s1a,d1,a1
Airports, Seaports
Hospitals
Hotels
Italy Schools Cca,s1b,d1,a1
Offices having >300 people
Retail, Conference centres
Government Buildings >24m
All others Cca,s3,d1,a3
Hospitals >500m2
B2ca,s1,d1,a1
Tunnels >500m2
Netherlands Protected evacuation routes
Cca,s1,d1,a1
Buildings with >500 people
All others Dca,s3,d2,a3
All areas Dca
Norway
With automatic fire suppression installed Eca
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CPR Requirement as of
Countries Installation Conditions
1st July 2017
Poland Public Buildings Dca,s2,d2,a1
(patch cords
are included in Non-public buildings Eca
CPR)
Spain All areas Cca,s1b,d1,a1
Sweden All areas Dca
Government buildings escape routes Cca,s2,d1,a2
Government buildings other areas Dca
Switzerland
Non-government buildings escape routes Dca,s2,d1,a2
Non-government buildings other areas Eca
Data Centers
B2ca,s1,d0,a1
Exhibition Centers
Rail/Road tunnels
Hospitals
Turkey
All escape routes B2ca,s1,d1,a1
Hotels, height >30.5m
High rise buildings ≥ 21.5 m
All others Cca,s1,d2,a1
CPR is referred to in an
BS 7671: IET wiring Regulations, 18th Edition
annex
BS 6701 for data cables
Escape Routes & Dca,s2,d2,a2 for power
UK
cables
BS 6701: Bundled telecommunications “installation
Cca,s1,d2,a2
cables”
BS 6701: All other telecommunications cables Eca
Note: Always check with local building control authorities and refer to national regulations.
EuroClass Definition
The CPR regulation introduces new classification criteria and common classes, the so called
Euroclasses, for the entire European zone, creating a common language and a classification,
assessment and certification system for all member countries, for construction products. With
regards to fire behaviour, it permits establishing common standards to carry out assessment
comparisons in equivalent conditions across the EU zone.
CPR establishes the characteristics that construction materials must satisfy with respect to fire.
Therefore, cables are only affected by the safety specifications in the case of fire (resistance
and reaction to fire) and hazardous substances (smoke emission and acidity content). The other
technical characteristics are defined in the regular standards.
The EuroClass Relates mainly only to the Reaction to Fire performance of the cables. The fire
reaction of a cable has the following relevant aspects:
• Flame spread (EN 60332-1-2, EN 50399).
• Heat release which is the main contribution to the fire pronation in the actual cable combustion (EN
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ISO 1716, EN 50399).
• Flaming droplets for the burning particles given off (EN 50399).
• Amount and transparency of Smoke emitted (EN 61034-2).
• Acidity of the Gases given off (EN 60754)
So for cable at present the most relevant aspect is reaction to fire. Fire resistance is still a pending
regulation yet to be released.
Cables under CPR are tested and categorized from Class Aca (highest performance) to Fca (lowest
performance). The most commonly accepted classes for public and commercial buildings are B2ca,
Cca, and Dca, depending on the risk level and local regulations. The following table summarizes
the Euroclass classification system under CPR, outlining the performance criteria, additional safety
parameters and attestation of conformity required for each class. This system helps stakeholders
assess and compare the fire performance of cables used in buildings.
Construction
Classification Additional
inspection Class Test procedure
criteria classification
designation
1716
PCS ≤ 2,0
Non-flammable Aca EN ISO
MJ/kg
FS ≤ 1,75 m and
THR1200s ≤ 10
EN 50399 (30 kW Smoke generation
MJ and
B1ca burner) and burning
Flame-retardant Peak HRR ≤ 20
and droplets/decreases
kW and
and acid content
FIGRA ≤ 120 Ws-1
B1ca EN 60332-1-2 H ≤ 425 mm
FS ≤ 1,5 m; and
THR1200s ≤ 15
EN 50399 (20,5 Smoke generation
MJ; and
B2ca kW burner) and burning
Flame-retardant Peak HRR ≤ 30
and droplets/decreases
kW; and
and acid content
FIGRA ≤ 150 Ws-1
B2ca EN 60332-1-2 H ≤ 425 mm
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Construction
Classification Additional
inspection Class Test procedure
criteria classification
designation
FS ≤ 2,0 m; and
THR1200s ≤ 30
EN 50399 (20,5 Smoke generation
MJ; and
Cca kW burner) and burning
Flame-retardant Peak HRR ≤ 60
and droplets/decreases
kW; and
and acid content
FIGRA ≤ 300 Ws-1
Cca EN 60332-1-2 H ≤ 425 mm
THR1200s ≤ 70
MJ; and
EN 50399 (20,5 Smoke generation
Peak HRR ≤ 400
Normally Dca kW burner) and burning
kW; and
flammable and droplets/decreases
FIGRA ≤ 1300
and acid content
Ws-1
Dca EN 60332-1-2 H ≤ 425 mm
Normally
Eca EN 60332-1-2 H ≤ 425 mm
flammable
Highly
Fca EN 60332-1-2 H > 425 mm
flammable
Abbreviations
FIGRA Fire growth rate index used for classification purposes [W/s]
PCS PCS gross heat of combustion [MJ/kg]
THR1200s THR1200s total heat release (HRRsm30) from test start until end of test, excluding
contribution from ignition source [MJ]
TSP1200s TSP1200s total smoke production (SPRsm60) from test start until end of test [m2]
Peak HRR Peak HRR = HRR = maximum value of heat release, excluding the burner output,
determined during the whole burner application time, averaged over 30 s expressed in [kW]
Peak SPR Peak SPR = SPR = maximum value of smoke production, determined during the whole
burner application time, averaged over 60 s, expressed in [m2/s]
FS FS vertical flame spread [m] equals the damaged length of the sample
H H vertical flame spread [mm] as defined in 3.1.17
m’ m’ mean value of the set of results of a continuous parameter determined in accordance with
the relevant test method using the minimum number of tests as specified in the test method
m m mean value of the set of results
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• Distributors : Need to ensure that cables in inventory comply with project and regional CPR
requirements.
• Manufacturers : Need to manufacture cables in compliance with the CPR requirements of
Competent Authorities of the EU member states / other non EU countries.
What is AVCP?
The Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) is a harmonised system
defining how to assess products and control the constancy of the assessment results. This system
safeguards the reliability and accuracy of the Declaration of Performance.
AVCP requires the manufacturer to carry out internal quality controls as well as to prepare the
Declaration of Performance (DoP) for each product. Three different systems are in place for cables
as bellows:
This is the maximum requirement level and corresponds to Euroclasses Aca, B1ca, B2ca and
Cca. A Notified Body is an independent organization which has been designated by the national
authorities of the EU member states to perform conformity assessment tasks for a given cable
type. They must inspect and are responsible for the surveillance, assessment and control of the
production, as well as control the execution of initial sample and monitoring tests by the Notified
Laboratory. The frequency of the monitoring tests is the highest.
This requires the manufacturer to use a Notified Testing Authority for:
This level corresponds to Euroclasses Dca and Eca. This requires the manufacturer to use a
Notified Test Laboratory for:
System 4 (Fca)
This level corresponds to Euroclass Fca. For the manufacturer, only the preparation of the
Declaration of Performance is mandatory, and it corresponds, therefore, to the lowest requirement
level.
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Manufacturers are able to conduct their own tests and make their own classifications to class Fca.
Verification elements 1+ 3 4
Assessment
and verification
Aca, B1ca, B2ca, Cca Dca, Eca Fca
of constancy of
performance systems
Factory production
M M M
control
Additional tests on
samples taken from
factory, in agreement M - -
withthe determined
test plan
Determination and
test of the standard
product by tests, NB NL M
calculation or
tabulated values
Initial factory
inspection and factory NB - -
production control
Factory monitoring
inspection and factory NB - -
production control
Tests on samples
taken before the
NB - -
product is launched
onto the market
NB Notified Body | NL Notified Laboratory | M Manufacturer
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used for class B1ca, B2ca, Cca and Dca. EN 50399 is a test method
for cables under fire conditions, similar, but not identical, to the IEC 60332-3-series. It has
additional requirements for testing of heat release and smoke production during the test.
• Smoke Density - This test is performed as per EN 61034-2 and measures light transmittance
during combustion. Test is used for Classes B1ca, B2ca, Cca and Dca where applicable.
• Acid Gas Emission - This test evaluates acidity and conductivity of combustion gases and is
performed as per BS EN 60754-2. This is used for Classes B1ca, B2ca, Cca and Dca.
These tests assess not just whether a cable burns, but how fast, how toxic the smoke is, and how
much heat and flame it emits, which directly affects evacuation time during fires. It further ensures
that only cables offering the desired fire performance levels are certified and CE marked under
CPR. The results from the above tests may – under given conditions – be used as a basis for the
formal reaction to fire classification of the cable by the Notified Body.
EN ISO
Class EN 60332-1-2 EN 50399 EN 61034-2 EN 60754-2 AVCP
1716
Aca R - - - - 1+
B1ca - R R ○ ○ 1+
B2ca - R R ○ ○ 1+
Cca - R R ○ ○ 1+
Dca - R R ○ ○ 3
Eca - R - ○ ○ 3
Fca - R** - - - 4
R - Required.
○ - Optional, additional for subclasses.
** - May be carried out by manufacturer.
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Three additional classification levels have been established; these refer to:
-The opacity of smoke emitted (s = smoke)
-The droplets released by the cable in combustion (d = droplets)
-The acidity or toxicity of the smoke (a = acidity)
The following performance criteria for smoke emission properties have been established:
The following performance criteria for droplets / flamed particles have been established:
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The following performance criteria for acidity have been established:
a1: Low acidity (UNE-EN 60754-2 conductivity <2,5ms μS /mm pH > 4.3)
a2: Intermediate values of acid (UNE-EN 60754-2 conductivity <10 ms μS /mm pH > 4.3)
a3: Neither a1 or a2. No performance declared or does not meet conform to a1 or a2
criteria
• decide which reaction to fire classification your cable should match (classes are from Aca to Fca,
and have specific test methods)
• have your cable type tested by a Notified Testing Laboratory or certified by a Notified Product
Certification Body depending on the class
establish and maintain a Factory Production Control (FPC) system to ensure the constancy of
performance
• draw up a DoP (Declaration of Performance) for the reaction to fire classification of your cable
• ensure your cables are labelled and carry a visible CE mark.
Note that it is the responsibility of the manufacturer that all necessary steps in the specified
conformity assessment procedure have been completed before affixing the CE mark, including
involvement of notified bodies as applicable.
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Effective as of January 1, 2023, it is a new product marking for goods sold into the UK entering the
market.
The UK approval scheme is a mirror of the current CPR CE scheme, with all EN standards
becoming UK designated standards and are identical to their EN equivalents.
The scheme mirrors the EU Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP)
systems, the testing and factory production audit processes.
• GB: Goods need to be UKCA marked. Classes Eca and above need to have been tested/
classified by an approved body (GB only).
• EU: Goods need to be CE marked. Classes Eca and above need to have been tested/classified
by a notified body (EU Only).
• NI: Goods need to be CE or UKNI marked. (UKNI are goods tested/classified in GB by an
approved body. These goods cannot be sold into the EU).
Labelling
EN50575:2014 clearly defines the labelling requirements for CPR complaint products, regardless
of Euroclass. The labelling should be placed on the packaging or drum of cable. In addition, the
following must be included, Euroclass, DoP Reference Number, The CE mark, and assessment
scheme including the body that completed the testing.
The cable rating is based on the use of Euroclass specifications. It’s a uniform assessment rating
that reflects the real-life environment of construction products. Once a product has completed
the laboratory test, manufacturers receive documentation of observance with the valid euro class
rating. Lastly, the class is then used in labelling.
NB 2292
CALEDONIAN CABLES LIMITED
1/F, CMA Building, 64-66 Connaught Road Central, Hong Kong, China
DoP No. 202503036S
EN50575:2014 + A1:2016
FTX-CAT6AS/FTP4P23LH GSWB
Supply of electricity in buildings and other civil engineering works with the objective of limiting
the generation and spread of fire and smoke.
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CPR Compliance
The competent authorities of each member state are responsible for determining the conditions
that the materials of each national territory must satisfy, these may be different levels for different
nation states. Installers, engineering companies and end users are obliged to select the appropriate
products in agreement with the nation state, and they must satisfy the requirements established by
the national authorities. Where appropriate, importers must also adopt all the necessary measures
to ensure that the products they place on the market are in agreement with CPR requirements and
with the mandatory national requirements.
The companies involved in the application of the CPR are the manufacturers, the distributors, the
installers and engineering companies, as well as the competent Authorities of the EU member
states. Manufacturers and distributors are obliged to manufacture and market the products in
agreement with the standards indicated in the CPR. Furthermore, manufacturers must make a
“Declaration of Performance” (DoP), ratifying that the product meets the performance set by the
CPR standards for the chosen Euroclass. Products must be identified with marks and tags that
show their classification. Crucially, these properties and compliance with them must be validated by
an independent body, the so-called Notified Bodies and their laboratories.
Construction Product Regulations have created a higher level of protection for the installation
process and for the end user. National requirements are now regulated and not just a
recommendation. In the event that, a non-compliant product is detected, the national authorities
may enforce the withdrawal of that product.
DECLARATION OF PERFORMANCE
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