BATAAN HEROES COLLEGE
1st Semester 2022 - 2023
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLES IN TRANSPORTATION ENG’G
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This presentation may contain errors and will be corrected in class.
Not everything that you need to know is included in these notes.
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.1 Importance and Vital Role of Transportation
• Transportation is considered as the “circulatory system” of
a society
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.2 Basic Aspect of Transportation Engineering
Transportation engineering
• Also called as Traffic engineering
• Phase of engineering which deals with safe and efficient
movement of people and goods on streets and
highways; or
• deals with the planning, geometric designs and traffic
operations of roads, streets and highways, their networks,
terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other
modes of transportation.
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.2 Basic Aspect of Transportation Engineering
Aspects of Transportation engineering
• Planning of street and highway facilities
• Design of geometric configuration of street and highway
facilities
• Construction streets and highways
• Traffic operation and control
• Traffic safety
• Maintenance of traffic facilities and controls
• Management of traffic facilities and controls
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.3 History of Transportation System
• Earliest form of travel is by foot… then animals… then the
development of simple wheeled vehicles
• The need for the development on transportation system
is in line with the development of the mode of
transportation and the arising need of the society to
transport
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.3 History of Transportation System
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.4 Highway Classification
• Principal guidelines for classifying highway are given in
the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
• Highway are grouped according to the type of service
they provide to meet specific needs (i.e. high level of
mobility or access)
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.4 Highway Classification
1. Expressway – divided highway for through traffic with full
or partial control of access and generally with grade
separation at major intersections
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.4 Highway Classification
2. Freeway – controlled-access highway
• high-speed, unhindered vehicular traffic, with no traffic
signals, intersections, or property access
• Entrance and exit to the highway are provided at
interchanges by slip roads (ramps)
• Common in the USA and Europe
• In the Philippines, freeway = expressway
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.4 Highway Classification
3. Arterial – connects expressway to other roads and
between urban centers at the highest level of
mobility (i.e. national roads)
4. Collectors - provide a balance between access and
mobility; used as a connection between local roads
and arterial roads
5. Local Roads - most common type; designed
specifically to have high accessibility (low mobility)
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.4 Highway Classification
• Proportion of service provided by each classification
Source: [Link]
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
1.4 Highway Classification
• Example of distribution of mileage and travel
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
BATAAN HEROES COLLEGE
1st Semester 2022 - 2023
HIGHWAY ECONOMICS
AND FINANCE
PRINCIPLES IN TRANSPORTATION ENG’G
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.1 Highway Transportation Cost
• Highway transportation cost is defined as the sum of the
highway investment cost, the maintenance and
operation cost, and the highway user cost (HUC)
• Investment Cost – is the cost of preparing a highway for service
(Planning, Design, Construction)
• Maintenance Cost – is the cost of preserving a highway and its
appurtenances and keeping them in a serviceable condition
• Operating Cost – is the cost that includes the cost of traffic control
devices, wages for traffic enforcer, toll collectors and the like
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.1 Highway Transportation Cost
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.1 Highway Transportation Cost
• Benefits of Highway Improvements
o Direct benefits – that result from a reduction in highway
user costs
o Indirect benefits – which includes benefits of adjacent
property and to the general public.
Note: To the analyst, the most quantifiable and most
significant benefit of highway improvements is the reduction
of the HUC
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.2 Highway Finance
• Principal Source of Revenue for Highway Expenditures
1. Highway User Taxes
Fuel tax
Registration tax and related fees
Specific taxes on commercial vehicles
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.2 Highway Finance
• Principal Source of Revenue for Highway Expenditures
2. Property Taxes
Ad valorem (“according to value”) property taxes
Special assessment tax against real estate or property
lying adjacent to a highway improvement
Special assessment tax against real estate or property
lying adjacent to a highway improvement
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.2 Highway Finance
• Principal Source of Revenue for Highway Expenditures
2. Tolls
Majorities of the investment, operation and maintenance
cost have been derived from the tolls
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.2 Highway Finance
• Transportation Financial Scheme
BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer)
BLT (Build-Lease-Transfer)
In the Philippines, modern skyways, expressways, and light
railways were mostly constructed on a BOT scheme.
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.2 Highway Finance
List of the Advantages of Build-Own-Operate-Transfer
1. It minimizes the public cost for infrastructure
development.
2. It reduces public debt.
3. It allows for innovation.
4. It provides a chance to bring in expertise.
5. It allows each party to focus on their strengths.
6. It keeps public-sector funds where they are most needed.
7. It is a process that is fully appraised.
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
2.2 Highway Finance
List of the Advantages of Build-Own-Operate-Transfer
1. It can have higher transaction costs.
2. It only works for large projects.
3. It requires fund-raising to be successful.
4. It may require substantial operational revenues to be
successful.
5. It can place the public sector at a disadvantage.
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
QUESTIONS?
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
REFERENCES
• Hibbeler, R. C. (2012). Structural Analysis. 8th edition. Pearson
Prentice Hall.
• Cai, V. R. (2019). Castigliano’s Theorem. Lecture slides in CE 132P–
Structural Analysis II. Malayan Colleges Laguna.
• Caburnay, J. M. 2nd Sem 2013-2014. CE 132 Lecture Notes, CE
Department, UPLB.
• Kassimali, A. (1993). Structural Analysis. 4th Edition. PSW Kent:
Boston.
• Crisostomo, Janet. Module 2: Structural Theory 2.
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG
END
Principles of Transportation Engineering | 1st Semester 2022-2023 ENGR. JNG