Integrals
Integrals
√
Z
2
Z
1
xn dx = xn+1 + c (1) x − adx = (x − a)3/2 + C (17)
n+1 3
√
Z
1
Z
1
dx = ln x + c (2) √ dx = 2 x ± a + C (18)
x x±a
Z Z
√
Z
udv = uv − vdu (3) 1
√ dx = −2 a − x + C (19)
a−x
Z
1 1
dx = ln |ax + b| + c (4)
√
Z
ax + b a 2 2
x x − adx = a(x − a)3/2 + (x − a)5/2 + C (20)
3 5
Integrals of Rational Functions
√ √
Z
2b 2x
Z
1 1 ax + bdx = + ax + b + C (21)
dx = − +c (5) 3a 3
(x + a)2 x+a Z
2
Z
(x + a)n+1 (ax + b)3/2 dx = (ax + b)5/2 + C (22)
(x + a) dx = n
+ c, n 6= −1 (6) 5a
n+1
√
Z
x 2
√ dx = (x ∓ 2a) x ± a + C (23)
x±a 3
(x + a)n+1 ((n + 1)x − a)
Z
x(x + a)n dx = +c (7)
(n + 1)(n + 2) Z r
x p
Z
1 dx = − x(a − x)
dx = tan−1 x + c (8) a−x
1 + x2 p
x(a − x)
Z − a tan−1 +C (24)
1 1 x x−a
dx = tan−1 + c (9)
a2 + x2 a a
Z
x 1 Z r
x
dx = ln |a2 + x2 | + c (10)
p
2
a +x 2 2 dx = x(a + x)
a+x
√ √
x2 − a ln x + x + a + C (25)
Z
x
dx = x − a tan−1 + c (11)
a2 +x 2 a
x3
Z
1 1 √
dx = x2 − a2 ln |a2 + x2 | + c
Z
(12)
a2 + x2 2 2 x ax + bdx =
2 √
Z
1 2 2ax + b 2
(−2b2 + abx + 3a2 x2 ) ax + b + C (26)
dx = √ tan−1 √ + C (13) 15a
2
ax + bx + c 2
4ac − b 4ac − b2
Z
1 1 a+x
Z p
1 h p
dx = ln , a 6= b (14) x(ax + b)dx = (2ax + b) ax(ax + b)
(x + a)(x + b) b−a b+x 4a 3/2
√ p i
−b2 ln a x + a(ax + b) + C
Z
x a (27)
2
dx = + ln |a + x| + C (15)
(x + a) a+x
b2
Z Z p
x 1 b x p 3
2
dx = ln |ax2 + bx + c| x3 (ax + b)dx = − 2 + x (ax + b)
ax + bx + c 2a 12a 8a x 3
b 2ax + b b3 √
− √ tan−1 √
p
+ C (16) + 5/2 ln a x + a(ax + b) + C (28)
a 4ac − b 2 4ac − b2 8a
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1
Integrals with Logarithms
Z p
1 p
x2 ± a2 dx = x x2 ± a2 Z
2 ln axdx = x ln ax − x + C (41)
1 2 p
± a ln x + x2 ± a2 + C (29)
2 Z
ln ax 1 2
dx = (ln ax) + C (42)
x 2
Z p
1 p 2
a2 − x2 dx = x a − x2 Z
b
2 ln(ax + b)dx = x + ln(ax + b) − x + C, a 6= 0 (43)
1 x a
+ a2 tan−1 √ +C (30)
2 a − x2
2
Z
ln a2 x2 ± b2 dx = x ln a2 x2 ± b2
Z
p 1 2 3/2
x x2 ± a2 dx = x ± a2 +C (31)
3 2b ax
+ tan−1 − 2x + C (44)
Z
1 p a b
√ dx = ln x + x2 ± a2 + C (32)
x ± a2
2
Z
ln a2 − b2 x2 dx = x ln ar − b2 x2
Z
1 x
√ dx = sin−1 + C (33)
2
a −x 2 a
2a bx
Z + tan−1 − 2x + C (45)
x p b a
√ dx = x2 ± a2 + C (34)
x2 ± a2
Z
Z
x 1p 2ax + b
ln ax2 + bx + c dx = 4ac − b2 tan−1 √
p
√ dx = − a2 − x2 + C (35) a 4ac − b2
a2 − x2
b
+ x ln ax2 + bx + c + C
− 2x + (46)
2a
x2
Z
1 p
√ dx = x x2 ± a2
x2 ± a2 2 Z
1 bx 1 2
− x
p
∓ a2 ln x + x2 ± a2 + C (36) x ln(ax + b)dx =
2 2a 4
b2
1
+ x2 − 2 ln(ax + b) + C (47)
Z p 2 a
b + 2ax p 2
ax2 + bx + cdx = ax + bx + c
4a Z
1
x ln a2 − b2 x2 dx = − x2 +
4ac − b2 p
+ 3/2
ln 2ax + b + 2 a(ax2 + bx+ c) + C (37) 2
8a
a2
1
x2 − 2 ln a2 − b2 x2 + C (48)
2 b
1 √ p 2
Z p
x ax2 + bx + c = 2 a ax + bx + c Integrals with Exponentials
48a5/2
− 3b2 + 2abx + 8a(c + ax2 )
Z
√ p 1 ax
eax dx = e +C (49)
+3(b3 − 4abc) ln b + 2ax + 2 a ax2 + bx + x (38) a
√
√ 1 √ ax √
Z
ax i π
Z
1 xe dx = xe + 3/2 erf i ax + C,
√ dx = a 2a
Z x
ax2
+ bx + c 2 2
2
x2
Z
2x 2
x2 eax dx = − 2 + 3 eax + C sin[(2a − b)x]
Z
(54)
a a a sin2 ax cos bxdx = −
4(2a − b)
Z
sin bx sin[(2a + b)x]
x3 ex dx = x3 − 3x2 + 6x − 6 ex + C
(55) + − +C (69)
2b 4(2a + b)
xn eax
Z Z
n
Z
1
xn eax dx = − xn−1 eax dx (56) sin2 x cos xdx = sin3 x + C (70)
a a 3
cos[(a − b)x]
Z Z
− 1
cos ax sin bxdx =
2(a − b) sec2 x tan xdx = sec2 x + C (83)
2
cos[(a + b)x] Z
+ C, a 6= b (68) 1
2(a + b) secn x tan xdx = secn x + C, n 6= 0 (84)
n
3
Products of Trigonometric Functions and
Z Exponentials
x
csc xdx = ln tan + C = ln | csc x − cot x| + C (85)
2 Z
1 x
Z
1 ex sin xdx = e (sin x − cos x) + C (101)
csc2 axdx = − cot ax + C (86) 2
a
Z
1
Z
1 1 ebx sin axdx = ebx (b sin ax − a cos ax) + C (102)
3
csc xdx = − cot x csc x + ln | csc x − cot x| + C (87) a2 + b2
2 2
Z
1 x
Z
1 ex cos xdx = e (sin x + cos x) + C (103)
csc x cot xdx = − cscn x + C, n 6= 0
n
(88) 2
n
Z Z
1
sec x csc xdx = ln | tan x| + C (89) ebx cos axdx = ebx (a sin ax + b cos ax) + C (104)
a2 + b2
Products of Trigonometric Functions and Monomials
Z
1 x
xex sin xdx = e (cos x − x cos x + x sin x) + C (105)
2
Z
x cos xdx = cos x + x sin x + C (90)
Z
1 x
Z
1 x
x cos axdx = 2 cos ax + sin ax + C (91) xex cos xdx = e (x cos x − sin x + x sin x) + C (106)
a a 2
Z
Integrals of Hyperbolic Functions
x2 cos xdx = 2x cos x + x2 − 2 sin x + C
(92)
Z
1
Z
2x cos ax a2 x2 − 2 cosh axdx = sinh ax + C (107)
2
x cos axdx = + sin ax + C (93) a
a2 a3
Z
Z eax cosh bxdx =
1
xn cosxdx = − (i)n+1 [Γ(n + 1, −ix) ax
2 e
2 [a cosh bx − b sinh bx] + C a 6= b
+(−1)n Γ(n + 1, ix)] + C (94) a − b2 (108)
2ax
e
x
+ +C a=b
4a 2
Z
1
Z
1
xn cosaxdx = (ia)1−n [(−1)n Γ(n + 1, −iax) sinh axdx = cosh ax + C (109)
2 a
−Γ(n + 1, ixa)] + C (95)
Z
Z eax sinh bxdx =
x sin xdx = −x cos x + sin x + C (96) ax
e
2 [−b cosh bx + a sinh bx] + C a 6= b
Z a − b2 (110)
x cos ax sin ax 2ax
x sin axdx = − + +C (97) e
x
− +C a=b
a a2 4a 2
Z
x2 sin xdx = 2 − x2 cos x + 2x sin x + C
(98) Z
eax tanh bxdx =
(a+2b)x
2 − a2 x2 e a a
Z
2x sin ax
h i
2bx
x2 sin axdx = F 1 + , 1, 2 + , −e
cos ax + +C (99)
2 1
a3 a2 (a + 2b) h2ba 2b
1 ax i
− e 2 F 1 , 1, 1E, −e 2bx
+ C a 6= b (111)
ax
a −1 ax 2b
e − 2 tan [e ] + C
Z
1
a=b
xn sin xdx = − (i)n [Γ(n + 1, −ix)
2 a
−(−1)n Γ(n + 1, −ix)] + C (100) Z
1
tanh bxdx = ln cosh ax + C (112)
a
4
Z
1 Z
1
cos ax cosh bxdx = [a sin ax cosh bx sin ax sinh bxdx = [b cosh bx sin ax−
a2
+ b2 a2 + b2
+b cos ax sinh bx] + C (113) a cos ax sinh bx] + C (116)
Z
1
cos ax sinh bxdx = [b cos ax cosh bx+
a2 + b2
Z
1
sinh ax cosh axdx = [−2ax + sinh 2ax] + C (117)
a sin ax sinh bx] + C (114) 4a
Z
1 Z
1
sin ax cosh bxdx = [−a cos ax cosh bx+ sinh ax cosh bxdx = [b cosh bx sinh ax
a2 + b2 b2 − a2
b sin ax sinh bx] + C (115) −a cosh ax sinh bx] + C (118)