SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K.

Jha 281

(Chemical Reaction) (Chemical Reaction)

(More Elements) (LHS)
(Compound)
(RHS)
(Chemical Change)

(�)
Zn + H2SO4 ��ZnSO4 + H2�
Ex : + � +

Mg � O2 ��� MgO
( ) ( )

(Balanced Equation)

2H2 + O2 � 2H2O
(4) (32) (36)
(Unbalanced Equation)

(Identifying Chemical
Reaction)
Ex : 3Fe + 2H2O � Fe3O4 + H2 (�)
3Fe + 2H2O � Fe3O4 + N2 (×)

Ex : CO + 2H2 � CH3OH (�)

CO + H4(2×2) � CH3OH (×)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 282
O2
(aq)
(s)
(l )
Q.
(g) (a)
(aq) (b)
(c) a & b
Ex : 6CO2 (aq) � 12H2O(l ) �������� C6H12O6 (aq)
(d) (b)
� 6O2 (aq) � 6H2O(t)

Mg � O2 � MgO 2Mg � O2 � 2MgO

Zn � H2SO4 � ZnSO4 � H2 Zn � H2SO4 � ZnSO4 � H2
Fe � H2O � Fe3O4 � H2 3Fe � 4H2O � Fe3O 4 � 4H2
CO � H2 � CH3OH CO � 2H2 � CH3OH
CaO(s) � H2O(l) � Ca(OH)2 � CaO(s) � H2O(l) � Ca(OH)2 (aq) �
Ca(OH)2 (aq) � CO2 (g) � CaCO3 (s) � H2O( l ) No change
C(s) � O2 (g) � CO2 (g) No change
H2 (g) � O2 (g) � H2O( l ) 2H2 (g) � O2 (g) � 2H2O(l )
CH4 (g) � O2 (g) � CO2 (g) � H2O(g) � CH4 � 2O2 � CO2 (g) � 2H2O(g) �
C6 H12O6 (aq) � O2 (aq) � CO2 (aq) � H2O(l) � C6 H12O6 (aq) � 6O2 (aq) � 6CO2 (aq) � 6H2O( l) �
CaCO3 (s) ���� CaO(s) � CO2 (g) No change

(Types of Chemical (iii)

Reaction) 2H2(g) + O2(g) � 2H2O (l)
A. (Combination Reaction) Note :

A + B � AB + B. (Some Exothermics
Reaction)

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) � CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) +

C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq) � 6CO2(aq) + 6H2O (l) +

C. (Decomposition
Reduction)

(Endothermic Reaction)

(i) CaO(s) � H2O( l) � Ca(OH2 )(aq) �

(ii)
C(s) + O2(g) � CO2 (g)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 283
AgCl AgBr
AgBr
D. (Displacement Reaction)

(Single Displacement
Reaction)

(i) FeSO 4 (s) �� �� Fe 2 O3 (s) � SO 2 (g) � SO 3 (g )

(ii) CaCO3 (s) ���� CaO(s) � CO2 (g)

(iii) 2Pb(NO3 )2 (s) ���� 2PbO(s) � 4NO2 (g) � O2 (g)

NO2

(iv) 2AgCl(s) ������� 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

(v) 2AgBr(s) ������� 2Ag(s) + Br2(g)

Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) � FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

(CuSO4) FeSO4

Zn(s) + CuCl2 (ag) ��ZnCl2 (aq) + Cu(s)

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) � ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

Pb(s) + CuCl2 (aq) ���PbCl2 (aq) + Cu(s)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 284
CuCl2 CuO Cu

CuO + H2 � Cu + H2O

(Double Displacement (Redox Reaction)

Reaction)

CuO + H2 Cu + H2O

ZnO+C Zn+CO
Ex : Na2SO4(aq) � BaCl 2 (aq) � BaSO4 (s) � NaCl(aq)

BaCl 2 (aq) � (NH2 )2 SO4 (aq) � BaSO4 (s) � NH4 Cl (aq)

BaCl 2 (aq) � K 2SO4 (aq) � BaSO4 (s) � 2KCl (aq) +4 + –1 +2

0
MnO2 + HCl � MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
AlCl 3 (aq) � NH4OH(aq) � Al(OH)3 (s) � NH4Cl (aq)

AgNO3 (aq) � NaCl (aq) � A 2Cl(s) � NH4 Cl (aq)

+1 0 +2 –2
Pb(NO3 )2 (aq) � KI(aq) � PbI2 (s) � 2KNO3(aq) Na + O2 � Na2O
Pb(CH3 OO)2 (aq) � KI(aq) � PbI2 (s) � 2CH3COOK (aq)

Ca(OH)2 (aq) � CO2 (aq) � CaCO3 (s) � H2O(aq) (Corrosion)

E. (Oxidation Reduction) (O2 +

O2 H2

O2 H2
Fe � O2 ���� Fe2 O3 � H2 O

O2
Fe � O2 ���� Fe3O4 � H2 O
O2 O2

O2
Cu CuO
Ag � H2 S ��� Ag 2S � H2
Cu + O2 � CuO

Fe

(Endothermic)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 285
(Exothermic) (a) (i), (ii) (iii) / (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (iii) (iv) / (iii) and (iv)
(Precipitation Reaction) (c) (i), (ii) (iv) / (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) (iv) / (ii) and (iv)
Cu CuO
4.
Cu H2 Which of the following are exothermic processes?
Ag Ag2S (i) /Reaction of
water with quick lime
(ii) /Dilution of an acid
(iii) /Evaporation of water
(iv) /Sublimation of cam-
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phor (crystals)
(a) (i) (ii) / (i) and (ii)
Download (b) (ii) (iii) / (ii) and (iii)
Bigbooster (c) (i) (iv) / (i) and (iv)
App
(d) (iii) (iv) / (iii) and (iv)
1. 5. 25 mL A, B C
Which of the following is not a physical change? A, B C NaOH,
(a) / Boiling of water CuSO4 NaCl
to give water vapour A B
(b) /Melting of ice to give C
water
(c) /Dissolution of salt in Three beakers labelled as A, B and C each
containing 25 ml of water were taken. A small
water amount of NaOH, anhydrous CuSO4 and NaCl
(d) /Combustion of Lique- were added to the beakers A, B and C respectively.
fied Petroleum Gas (LPG) It was observed that there was an increase in the
2. temperature of the solutions contained in beakers
A and B, where as in case of beaker C, the
The following reaction is an example of a temperature of the solution falls. Which one of the
4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) � 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) following statement(s) is (are) correct?
(i) / displacement reaction (i) A B
(ii) / combination reaction In beakers A and B exothermic process has oc-
curred.
(iii) / redox
(ii) A B
reaction
In beakers A and B, endothermic process has
(iv) / neutralisation reaction occurred.
(a) (i) (iv) / (i) and (iv) (iii) C
(b) (ii) (iii) / (ii) and (iii) In beaker C exothermic process has occurred.
(c) (i) (iii) / (i) and (iii) (iv) C
(d) (iii) (iv) / (iii) and (iv) In beaker C endothermic process has occurred.
3. (a) (i) / (i) only
(b) (ii) / (ii) only
Which of the following statements about the given (c) (i) (iv) / (i) and (iv)
reaction are correct? (d) (ii) (iii) / (ii) and (iii)
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) � Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2(g) 6.
(i) / Iron metal is
getting oxidised
(ii) / Water is getting re-
duced A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually
added to the beaker containing acidified
(iii) / Water is
permanganate solution. The light purple colour of
acting as reducing agent the solution fades and finally disappears. Which of
(iv) / Water the following is the correct explanation for the
is acting as oxidising agent observation?

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 286
(a) KMnO4 FeSO4 Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to
form calcium hydroxide accompanied by liberation
of heat. This process is called slaking of lime.
KMnO4 is an oxidising agent, it oxidises FeSO4 Calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to form its
(b) FeSO4 KMnO4 solution called lime water. Which among the
following is (are) true about slaking of lime water
FeSO4 acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises and the solution formed?
KMnO4 (i) /It is an endothermic
(c) reaction
(ii) /It is an exothermic
The colour disappears due to dilution; no reac- reaction
tion is involved (iii) pH /The pH
(d) KMnO4 FeSO4 of the resulting solution will be more than seven
(iv) pH /The pH of
KMnO4 is an unstable compound and decom- the resulting solution will be less than seven
poses in presence of FeSO4 to a colourless com- (a) (i) (ii) / (i) and (ii)
pound. (b) (ii) (iii) / (ii) and (iii)
7. (c) (i) (iv) / (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) (iv) / (iii) and (iv)
Which among the following is (are) double 10.
displacement reaction(s) ?
(i) Pb + CuCl2 � PbCl2 + Cu
(ii) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 � BaSO4 + 2NaCl Barium chloride on reacting with ammonium
(iii) C + O2 � CO2 sulphate forms barium sulphate and ammonium
chloride. Which of the following correctly represents
(iv) CH4 + 2O2 � CO2 + 2H2O the type of the reaction involved?
(a) (i) (iv) / (i) and (iv) (i) /Displacement reaction
(b) (ii) / (ii) only (ii) /Precipitation reaction
(c) (i) (ii) / (i) and (ii) (iii) /Combination reaction
(d) (iii) (iv) / (iii) and (iv) (iv) /Double displacement reaction
8. (a) (i)/(i) only
(b) (ii)/(ii) only
Which among the following statement(s) is (are) (c) (iv)/(iv) only
true? Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a (d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
long duration turns grey due to 11.
(i) / the
formation of silver by decomposition of silver
chloride
Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction.
(ii) / sublimation of The mole ratio of hydrogen and oxygen gases
silver chloride liberated during electrolysis of water is
(iii) / decom- (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
position of chlorine gas from silver chloride
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
(iv) / oxidation of sil-
12.
ver chloride Which of the following is(are) an endothermic
(a) (i) / (i) only process(s) ?
(b) (i) (iii) / (i) and (iii) (i) /Dilution of sulphuric
(c) (ii) (iii) / (ii) and (iii) acid
(d) (iv) / (iv) only (ii) /Sublimation of dry ice
9. (iii) /Condensation of water vapours
(iv) /Evaporation of water
(a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
(b) (ii)/(ii) only
(c) (iii)/(iii) only
(d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 287
13. 16.

Which one of the following processes involve

chemical reactions?
(a)
/Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in
In the double displacement reaction between a gas cylinder
aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous lead nitrate,
(b) /Liquefaction of air
a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While
(c) /Keeping petrol
performing the activity if lead nitrate is not
in a china dish in the open
available, which of the following can be used in place
of lead nitrate? (d)
(a) /Lead sulphate (insoluble) /Heating copper wire in presence of air at
high temperature
(b) /Lead acetate
17.
(c) /Ammonium nitrate
(d) /Potassium sulphate
14. In which of the following chemical equations, the
abbreviations represent the correct states of the
Which of the following gases can be used for storage reactants and products involved at reaction
of fresh sample of an oil for a long time? temperature?
(a) /Carbon dioxide (a) 2H2 (l) + O2 (l) � 2H2O(g)
or oxygen (b) 2H2 (g) + O2 (l) � 2H2O(l)
(b) /Nitrogen or oxygen (c) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) � 2H2O(l)
(c) /Carbon dioxide or (d) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) � 2H2O(g)
helium 18.
(d) /Helium or nitrogen Which of the following are combination reactions?
Heat
(i) 2KClO3 ����
15. � 2KCl + 3O2
(ii) MgO + H2O ��� Mg(OH)2
2KClO3 (s) ����� 2KCl (s) + 3O2 (g) (iii) 4Al + 3O2 ��� 2Al2 O3
The following reaction is used for the preparation
(iv) Zn + FeSO4 ��� ZnSO4 + Fe
of oxygen gas in the laboratory
(a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
Heat
2KClO3 (s) ���� �� 2KCl (s) + 3O2 (g) (b) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
Catalyst
(c) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct
about the reaction? ANSWERS KEY
(a) 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c)
/It is a decomposition reaction and endother-
6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (d)
mic in nature
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a)
(b) /It is a combination
reaction 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (d)
(c)
/It is a decomposition reaction
and accompanied by release of heat 19.
(d) [NCERT QUESTION]
/It is a photochemical de- (a) (b)
composition reaction and exothermic in nature (c) (d)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 288
20. (a) CuO + H2 � Cu + H2O
[NCERT QUESTION] (b) ZnO + C � Zn + CO
(a) (b) (c) MnO2 + Hcl � MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2
(d) C + O2 � CO2
(c) (d) (b) (c)
28.
21.
2PbO(s) + C(s) � 2Pb(s) + Co2(g)
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) Mg + O2 � MgO (a)
(b) Zn + H2SO4 � ZnSO4 + H2 (b)
(c) Fe + H2O � Fe3O4 + H2 (c)
(d) CO + H2 � CH3OH (d)
22. (i) (a) (b) (ii) (a) (c)
[NCERT QUESTION] (iii) (a), (b) (c) (iv)
29. Fe2O3 + 2Al � Al2O3 + 2Fe
(a) CO2 + H2O � C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O
(b) CaO + 2H2O � Ca(OH)2 +
[NCERT QUESTION]
(c) C + O2 � CO2
(a) (b)
(d) H2 + O2 � H2O
(c) (d)
23.
30.
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) CH4 + O2 � CO2 + H2O + [NCERT QUESTION]
(b) C6H12O6 +O2 � CO2 + H2O + (a)
(c) FeSO4 ��
�
� Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 (b)
(d) CaCO3 �� (c)
�
� CaO + CO2
(d)
24.
31.
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) Pb(NO3)2 ��
�
� PbO +NO2 + O2 [NCERT QUESTION]
(a)
(b) AgCl Ag + Cl2
(b)
(c) 2AgBr 2Ag + Br2 (c)
(d) Fe + CuSO4 � FeSO4 + C4 (d)
25. 32.
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) Zn + CuSO4 � ZnSO4 + Cu (a) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 � Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
(b) Pb + CuCl2 � PbClg + Cu (b) NaOH + H2SO4 � Na2SO4 + H2O
(c) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 � BaSO4 + NaCl (c) NaCl + AgNO3 � AgCl + NaNO3
(d) BaCl2 + H2SO4 � BaSO4 + HCl
(d)
33.
26.
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) + �
(a) Cu + O2 � CuO +
(b) CuO + H2 � Cu + H2O (b) + � +
(c) ZnO + C � Zn + CO (c) + �
(d) MnO2 + 4Hcl � Mncl2 + H2O + Cl2 +
27. (d) + � +
[NCERT QUESTION]

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 289
34. (c) AgNO3 + Cu2 � CuNO3 + Ag
[NCERT QUESTION] (d)
(a) (b) 40. 'X'
(c) (a) (b) (d) 'X'
35.
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b) (a) Cu, CuO (b) CuO, Cu
(c) (a) (b) (d) (c) H2, CO2 (d) CuO, H2
36. 41.
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b) (a)
(c) (a) (b) (d) (b)
37. (c)
[NCERT QUESTION] (d) (a) (c)
(a) (b) 42.
(c) (d)
38. [NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION] (a)
(a) (b)
(b) (c)
(c) (a) (b) (d)
(d)
ANSWERS KEY
39.
19. (b) 20. (b) 21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (d)
24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a)
29. (d) 30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (a)
[NCERT QUESTION]
34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (c)
(a) AgNO3 + Cu � CuNO3 + Ag
(b) AgNO2 + Cu � CuNO2 + Ag 39. (a) 40. (a) 41. (d) 42. (a)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 290

(Acid) (Granth Indicator)

H+ Ex :
Note :
electron

pH 7 • Zn + H2SO4 � ZnSO4 + H2 �

Ex : HCl, NHO3, H2SO4 etc.

(Base)

OH–

electron
pH 7
Ex : NaOH, KOH etc.
(Salt)
• 2NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) � Na2 ZnSO4 (s) + H2 (g)
+ � + H2O CO2
+ � + H2
+ � + H2O Ca(OH)2 (aq)� CO2 (g) ��� CaCO3 (s) � H2 O(l)
+ � + CO2
+ � + H2O
+ � + H2O
+ � + H2O
+ �

CaCO3 CO2

CaCO3 (s) � H2 O(l ) � CO2 ��

� Ca(HCO3 )2 (aq)

Note :

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 291

+ � +
HCl � H2O � H3O� � Cl �
H� � H2 O � H3O�
+ � +
H O
2 � Na � (aq) � OH � (aq)
NaOH(s) ���
H O
2 � K � (aq) � OH � (aq)
KOH(s) ���
H O
2 � Mg � (aq) � 2OH� (aq)
Mg(OH)2 (s) ���
(Universal Indicator)

(Common Salt)
PH NaOH + HCl � NaCl + H2O

(Impurity)

(Sodium Hydroxide)

1909
P (Potenz)/
1 14
PH H+
H+ OH–
PH
HCL 1.2 – 1.5
2.2 – 2.4
7
7.4 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O (l) � 2NaOH (aq) + Cl2 (g) + H2(g)
10 NaOH
Cl H2 NaOH
NaOH 14
PH
pH 7 7.8 (Calcium Hypochlorite)
pH 5.6

pH 5.5 Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 � CaOCl2 + H2O

(Calcium Hypchlorite Use)
Mg(OH)2 NaHCO3

NaHCO3

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 292
(Baking Soda) What happens when a solution of an acid is mixed
with a solution of a base in a test tube ?
NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 � NH4Cl + NaHCO3 (i) /The temperature of the
solution increases
(ii) /The temperature of the
solution decreases
(iii) /The temperature of
the solution remains the same
(iv) /Salt formation takes place
(Washing Soda) (a) (i)/(i) only (b) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) (d) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
2.

�
NaHCO3 ���� NaHCO3 � H2 O An aqueous solution turns red litmus blue. Excess
addition of which of the following solution would
reverse the change ?
NaHCO3 ������
� Na2CO3 .10H2 O (a) /Banking powder
(b) /Lime
(Washing Soda Use)
(c) /Ammonium hydroxide
solution
(d) /Hydrochloric acid
3.
Note :

During the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas

373K on a humid day, the gas is usually passed through
the guard tube containing calcium chloride. The
role of calcium chloride taken in the guard tube is to
373KO 1
CaSO4 2H2O ����� CaSO4 H2O (a) /absorb the evolved gas
2 (b) /moisten the gas
(c) /absorb moisture from
(venus)
the gas
(d) Cl– /absorb Cl–
ions from the evolved gas
pH H+
4.
Which of the following salts does not contain water
3(HCl).NHO3
of crystallisation ?
H2SO4
(a) /Blue vitriol
(b) /Banking soda
Ag
Fe (c) /Washing soda
(d) /Gypsum
5.
Sodium carbonate is a basic salt because it is a salt of
(a) /strong acid and strong
Video Solution
base
Download (b) /weak acid and weak
Bigbooster base
App (c) /strong acid and weak
base
1. (d) /weak acid and strong
base

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 293
6. (ii) /It extinguishes a
Calcium phosphate is present in tooth enamel. Its burning splinter
nature is (iii) /It
(a) /basic (b) /acidic dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide
(c) /neutral (d) /amphoteric (iv) /It has a pungent odour
7. (a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
pH (b) (i), (ii) (iii)/(i), (ii) and (iii)
pH (c) (ii), (iii) (iv)/(ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
A sample of soil is mixed with water and allowed to 11.
settle. The clear supernatant solution turns the pH
paper yellowish-orange. Which of the following Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also
would change the colour of this pH paper to be used as the raw material for making
greenish-blue ?
(i) / sodium carbonate
(a) /Lemon juice
(ii) / bleaching powder
(b) /Vinegar
(iii) / baking soda
(c) /Common salt
(iv) / slaked lime
(d) /An antacid
(a) (i) (ii) / (i) and (ii)
8.
(b) (i), (ii) (iv) / (i), (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) (iii) / (i) and (iii)
Which of the following gives the correct increasing
order of acidic strength ? (d) (i), (iii) (iv) / (i), (iii) and (iv)
(a) < < /Water < 12.
Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
(b) < < /Water < One of the constituents of baking powder is sodium
Hydrochloric acid < Acetic acid hydrogencarbonate, the other constituent is
(c) < < /Acetic acid (a) /hydrochloric acid
< Water < Hydrochloric acid (b) /tartaric acid
(d) < < / (c) /acetic acid
Hydrochloric acid < Water < Acetic acid (d) /sulphuric acid
9. 13.

If a few drops of a concentrated acid accidentally

spills over the hand of a student, what should be To protect tooth decay we are advised to brush our
done ? teeth regularly. The nature of the tooth paste
(a) /Wash the hand with commonly used is–
saline solution (a) /acidic (b) /neutral
(b) (c) /basic (d) /corrosive
/Wash the hand 14.
immediately with plenty of water and apply a
paste of sodium hydrogen carbonate
Which of the following statements is correct about
(c)
an aqueous solution of an acid and of a base ?
/After washing with plenty of
(i) pH /Higher
water apply solution of sodium hydroxide on the
hand the pH, stronger the acid
(d) /Neutralise the (ii) pH /Higher
acid with a strong alkali the pH, weaker the acid
10. (iii) pH /Lower
the pH, stronger the base
(iv) pH /Lower
the pH, weaker the base
Sodium hydrogencarbonate when added to acetic
acid evolves a gas. Which of the following (a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
statements are true about the gas evolved ? (b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
(i) /It turns lime (c) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
water milky (d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 294
15. pH
The pH of the gastric juices released during Which among the following statement(s) is(are)
digestion is correct ?
(a) 7 /less than 7 (i) /
(b) 7 /more than 7 Bulb will not glow because electrolyte is not
(c) 7 /equal to 7 acidic
(d) 0 /equal to 0 (ii) NaOH
16. /Bulb will glow because
NaOH is a strong base and furnishes ions for
Which of the following phenomena occur, when a conduction
smal amount of acid is added to water ? (iii) /Bulb will not
(i) /Ionisation glow because circuit is incomplete
(ii) /Neutralisation (iv)
(iii) /Dilution /Bulb will not glow because
(iv) /Salt formation it depends upon the type of electrolytic solution
(a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) (b) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
(b) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) (c) (ii)/(ii) only (d) (iv)/(iv) only
(c) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) 21.
(d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
17. Which of the following is used for dissolution of
gold ?
(a) /Hydrochloric acid
Which one of the following can be used as an acid-
base indicator by a visually impared student ? (b) /Sulphuric acid
(a) /Litmus (b) /Turmeric (c) /Nitric acid
(c) /Vanilla essence (d) /Aqua regia
(d) /Petunia leaves 22.
18. Which of the following is not a mineral acid ?
(a) /Hydrochloric acid
Which of the following substance will not give (b) /Citric acid
carbon dioxide on treatment with dilute acid ? (c) /Sulphuric acid
(a) /Marble (d) /Nitric acid
(b) /Limestone 23.
(c) /Baking soda Which among the following is not a base ?
(d) /Lime (a) NaOH (b) KOH
19. (c) NH4OH (d) C2H5OH
Which of the following is acidic in nature ? 24.
(a) /Lemon juice Which of the following statements is not correct ?
(b) /Human blood (a)
(c) /Lime water /All metal carbonates
(d) /Antacid react with acid to give a salt, water and carbon
20. dioxide
(b)
In an attempt to demonstrate electrical conductivity /All metal oxides react with water to
through an electrolyte, the following apparatus give salt and acid
(Fig.) was set up. (c) /
Some metals react with acids to give salt and
hydrogen
(d) /
Some non metal oxides react with water to form
an acid
25. (A) (B)

Match the chemical substances give in Column (A)

with their appropriate application give in Column
(B).

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 295
(A) (B) (a) /Bitter and change
Column (A) Column (B) red litmus to blue
(A) (i) (b) /Sour and change
Bleaching powder Preparation of glass red litmus to blue
(B) (ii) H2 Cl2 (c) /Sour and change
Baking soda Production of H2 and Cl2 blue litmus to red
(C) (iii) (d) /Bitter and change
blue litmus to red
Washing soda Decolourisation
29.
(D) (iv)
Sodium chloride Antacid
Which of the following are present in a dilute
aqueous solution of Hydrochloric acid ?
(a) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iv), D—(iii) (a) H3O+ + Cl– (b) H2O+ + OH–
(b) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(i) (c) Cl– + OH–
(c) A—(iii), B—(iv), C—(i), D—(ii)
(d) HCl/unionised HCl
(d) A—(ii), B—(iv), C—(i), D—(iii)
26. 30.
Identify the correct representation of reaction
pH pH occurring during chloralkali process
(a) 2NaCl(I) + 2H2O(l) � 2NaOH(I) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
(b) 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(aq) ��2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) +
Equal volume of hydrochloric acid and sodium H2(g)
hydroxide solutions of same concentration are (c) 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O (l) � 2NaOH (aq) + Cl2(aq)
mixed and the pH of the resulting solution is checked + H2(aq)
with a pH paper. What would be the colour (d) 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O (l) � 2NaOH (aq) + Cl2(g) +
obtained ? (You may use colour guide given in Fig.)
H2(g)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ANSWERS KEY
(a) /Red 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d)
(b) /Yellow 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b)
(c) /Yellowish green
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a)
(d) /Blue
27. HCl (g) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (c)
Which of the following is(are) true when HCl (g) is 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (d)
passed through water ?
(i)
/It does not ionise in the
solution as it is a covalent compound. 31.
(ii) /It ionises the solution
(iii) [NCERT QUESTION]
/It gives both hydrogen and hydroxyl ion in (a)
the solution (b)
(iv) (c)
/It forms hydronium ion in the (d)
solution due to the combination of hydrogen ion
32.
with water molecule
(a) (i)/(i) only [NCERT QUESTION]
(b) (iii)/(iii) only (a) H2 (b) CO2
(c) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv) (c) N2 (d) CO
(d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv) 33. 'A' 'B' 'A' pH
28. 6 'B' pH 8
Which of the following statements is true for acids ?

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 296
[NCERT QUESTION] 42. NaOH 10 ml. HCl 8 mL
(a) A (b) B NaOH 20
(c) A B (d) ml HCl
34. H+ (aq)
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION] (a) 4 mL (b) 8 mL
(a) (b) (c) 12 mL (d) 16 mL
(c) (d) (a) (b) 43.
35. H+ (aq) [NCERT QUESTION]
(a)
[NCERT QUESTION] (b)
(a) (b) (c)
36. (d)
44.
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION] (a)
(a) (b)
(b) (c) (a) (b)
(c) (d) (a) (b)
(d) (a) (c) 45.
37. CaOCl2 [NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION] (a)
(a) (b) (b)
(c) (d) (c) (a) (b)
38. (d)
46. A, B, C, D E
[NCERT QUESTION] pH 4, 1, 11, 7 9
(a) (b)
(c) (d) (1) (2)
39. (3) (4)
(5)
[NCERT QUESTION] pH
1
(a) CaSO4 H O + H2O � CaSO4 2H2O [NCERT QUESTION]
2 2
(a) C E D A B (b) C E D B A
(b) CaSO4 H2O + H2O � CaSO4 2H2O
(c) C E B D A (d) B A C D E
1 47.
(c) CaSO4 H + H2O � CaSO4 5H2O
2 2 [NCERT QUESTION]
(d)
(a)
40. pH
(b)
[NCERT QUESTION] (c)
(a) 1 (b) 4 (d)
(c) 5 (d) 10
41. ANSWERS KEY
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (b)
36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (d)
[NCERT QUESTION]
41. (b) 42. (d) 43. (c) 44. (a) 45. (a)
(a) NaCl (b) HCl
(c) LiCl (d) KCl 46. (a) 47. (a)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 297

(Metal)
(Metallic Luster)

(Malleability)

(Ductility)

1gm 2 Km
(Metallic Sound)

(Electrical And Thermal

Conductivity)

(Melting and Boiling

Point of Metal)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 298
(Chemical Properties of Al, Fe, Zn
Metal)
(Burning of Metal In Air)
O2

Mg + O2 � MgO
(II)

Cu + O2 � CuO
4Al + 3O2 ��2Al2O3
(Al2O3,
PbO, ZnO) (Amphoteric)

Al2O3 + 6HCl � 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

Al2O3 + 2NaOH � NaAlO2 + H2O
2Al (s) + 3H2O � Al2 O3(s) + 3H2 (g)
3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) � Fe3O4(s) + 4H2 (g)
Na2O (s) + H2O (l) � 2NaOH (aq) + +
K2O (s) + H2O (l) � 2 KOH (Mg, Mn

NHO3 H2

CuO Cu HCl

3:1

Ag, Au, Pt
+ � + Au > Ag > Pt
+ �
(Ionic Compound)
K, Na

2K(s) + 2H2O (l) � 2KOH(aq) + H2(g) +

2Na (s) + 2H2O (l) � 2NaOH (aq) H2 (g) +
Ca

Ca(s) + 2H2O (l) � Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2 (g)

H2 NaCl, MgCl2
(K)
Mg NaCl 1074 1686
H2 LiCl 887 1600
CaCl 2 1045 1900
H2, Mg CaO 2850 3120
Mg + H2O (l) ���
� Mg (OH)2 + H2 MgCl 2 981 1685

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 299
(Metal Recovery)
(ii) Cu2 S � O2 ���
� Cu2O � SO2

Cu2 O � Cu2S ���

� Cu � SO2

(Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu)

(Metal Extraction)
K
Na
Mg
Al
2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) ���� 3ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)
Zn
ZnCO3 (s) ����� ZnO(s) + CO2(g)
Fe
Pb
Cu ZnO + C � Zn + CO2
(Thermite Reaction)
Ag
Au MnO2 + Al � Mn + Al2O3+
Note : FeO3 + Al � Fe + Al2O3+
(Non-Metal)

(Zn, Fe, Pb)

(Extraction of Metal
from Ore)
22 (10 +1 + 11

(Activity Series)

(i) HgS � O2 ���

� H2O � SO2 (Metalloid)

HgO ���� Hg � O2 7

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 300
Zig-Zage Line
(B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te Po)

Video Solution

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App

1.
Which of the following property is generally not
shown by metals ?
(a) /Electrical conduction
(b) /Sonorous in nature
(c) /Dullness (d) /Ductility
2.
The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wire is
known as ?
(a) /ductility
(b) /malleability
(c) /sonorousity (d) /conductivity
3.

Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils.

Which of the following properties of aluminium are
responsible for the same ?
(i) /Good thermal conductivity
(ii) /Good electrical conductivity
(iii) /Ductility
(iv) /High melting point
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii) (b) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) (d) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
4.
Which one of the following metals do
not react with cold as well as hot water ?
(a) Na (b) Ca (c) Mg (d) Fe
5.
/
Which of the following oxide(s) of iron would be
obtained on prolonged reaction of iron with steam?
Note:
(a) FeO (b) Fe2O3 (c) Fe3O4
– Aqua regia 3:1
(d) Fe2O3 Fe3O4/Fe2O3 and Fe3O4
6.
What happens when calcium is treated with water ?
(i)
It does not react with water
(ii)
It reacts violently with water
(iii)
Fe It reacts less violently with water
(iv)
/Bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick
to the surface of calcium
(a) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
H2
(b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
(Homogeneous) (d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 301
7. 12.
Mn Mg

Generally metals react with acids to give salt and Metals are refined by using different methods.
hydrogen gas. Which of the following acids does Which of the following metals are refined by
not give hydrogen gas on reacting with metals electrolytic refining ?
(except Mn and Mg)? (i) Au (ii) Cu
(a) H2SO4 (b) HCl (iii) Na (iv) K
(c) HNO3 (d) /All of these (a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
(b) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
8. /The composition of aqua-
(c) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
regia is
(d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
(a) HCl : HNO3
3 : 1 13.
[Link] : Conc. HNO3
3 : 1 Silver articles become black on prolonged exposure
(b) HCl : HNO3 to air. This is due to the formation of
3 : 1 (a) Ag3N (b) Ag2O
(c) Ag2S
[Link] : Dil. HNO3
3 : 1 (d) Ag2S Ag3N/Ag2S and Ag3N
(c) HCl : HNO3 14.
3 : 1
[Link] : Conc.HNO3 Galvanisation is a method of protecting iron from
3 : 1 rusting by coating with a thin layer of
(d) HCl : HNO3 (a) /Gallium (b) /Aluminium
3 : 1 (c) /Zinc (d) /Silver
[Link] : Dil.HNO3 15.
3 : 1
9. /Stainless steel is very useful material for our life.
Which of the following are not ionic compounds? In stainless steell iron is mixed with
(i) KCl (ii) HCl (a) Ni Cr/Ni and Cr
(iii) CCl4 (iv) NaCl (b) Cu Cr/Cu and Cr
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii) (c) Ni Cu/Ni and Cu
(b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) (d) Cu Au/Cu and Au
(c) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv) 16.
(d) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
10.
If copper is kept open in air, it slowly loses its
Which one of the following properties is not shining brown surface and gains a green coating.
It is due to the formation of
generally exhibited by ionic compounds ? (a) CuSO4 (b) CuCO3
(a) /Solubility in water (c) Cu(NO3)2 (d) CuO
(b) /Electrical conductivity 17.
in solid state
(c) /High melting and boiling Generally, metals are solid in nature. Which one
points of the following metals is found in liquid state at
(d) /Electrical conductivity room temperature ?
in molten state (a) Na (b) Fe
11. (c) Cr (d) Hg
18.
Which of the following metals exist in their native
state in nature ? Which of the following metals are obtained by
(i) Cu (ii) Au electrolysis of their chlorides in molten state ?
(iii) Zn (iv) Ag (i) Na (ii) Ca
(iii) Fe (iv) Cu
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
(a) (i) (iv)/ (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
(b) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
(d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 302
19. (a) Mg (b) Na
/Generally, non-metals are (c) P (d) Ca
not lustrous. Which of the following non-metal is 26.
lustrous ?
(a) /Sulphur (b) /Oxygen
(c) /Nitrogen (d) /Iodine Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of a metal with
20. a metal or non-metal. Which among the following
alloys contain non-metal as one of its constituents ?
(a) /Brass (b) /Bronze
Which one of the following four metals would be
displaced from the solution of its salts by other three (c) /Amalgam (d) /Steel
metals ? 27.
(a) Mg (b) Ag Which among the following statements is incorrect
(c) Zn (d) Cu for magnesium metal ?
21. A, B C HCl (a) /
HNO3 HCl HNO3 3:1 It burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame
2 ml (b)
A B /It reacts with cold
C water to form magnesium oxide and evolves
hydrogen gas
/2 ml each of concentrated HCl, HNO3 and a
mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated (c)
HNO3 in the ratio of 3 : 1 were taken in test tubes /It reacts with hot water
labelled as A, B and C. A small piece of metal was to form magnesium hydroxide and evolves
put in each test tube. No change occurred in test hydrogen gas
tubes A and B but the metal got dissolved in test (d)
tube C respectively. The metal could be /It reacts with steam to
(a) Al (b) Au form magnesium hydroxide and evolves
(c) Cu (d) Pt hydrogen gas
22. /An alloy is 28.
(a) /an element
(b) /a compound Which among the following alloys contain mercury
(c) /a homogeneous mixture as one of its constituents ?
(d) /a heterogeneous mixture (a) /Stainless steel
23. /An electrolytic cell (b) /Alnico
consists of (c) /Solder
(i) /positively charged cathode (d) /Zinc amalgam
(ii) /negatively charged anode 29. X Y Z X
(iii) /positively charged anode Y
(iv) /negatively charge cathode Z
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii) Reaction between X and Y, forms compound Z. X
(b) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv) loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the
(c) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) following properties is not shown by Z ?
(d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv) (a) /Has high melting point
24. /During electrolytic (b) /Has low melting point
refining of zinc, it gets (c) /Conducts electricity
(a) /deposited on cathode in molten state
(b) /deposited on anode (d) /Occurs as solid
(c) /deposited on 30. X, Y Z X — 2, 8;
cathod as well as anode Y — 2, 8, 7 Z — 2, 8, 2
(d) /remains in the solution
25. A The electronic configurations of three elements X,
Y and Z are X — 2, 8; Y — 2, 8, 7 and Z — 2, 8, 2
Which of the following is correct ?
(a) X /X is a metal
/An element A is
soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive (b) Y /Y is a metal
to air and can not be kept open in air. It reacts (c) Z /Z is a non-metal
vigorously with water. Identify the element from (d) Y Z /Y is a non-metal and
the following : Z is a metal

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 303
31.

Although metals form basic oxides. Which of the

following metals form an amphoteric oxide ? (d)
(a) Na (b) Ca
(c) Al (d) Cu
32.

Generally, non-metals are not conductors of

electricity. Which of the following is a good ANSWERS KEY
conductor of electricity ?
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c)
(a) /Diamond (b) /Graphite
(c) /Sulphur (d) /Fullerene 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
33. 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (a)
16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (b)
Electrical wires have a coating of an insulting
material. The material, generally used is 21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b)
(a) /Sulphur (b) /Graphite 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (d)
(c) PVC/PVC
(d) /All can be used 31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (d)
34. 36. (c)
Which of the following non-metals is a liquid ?
(a) /Carbon (b) /Bromine
(c) /Phosphorus (d) /Sulphur
35. 37.
Which of the following can undergo a chemical [NCERT QUESTION]
reaction ?
(a) MgSO4 + Fe (b) ZnSO4 + Fe (a) NaCl
(c) MgSO4 + Pb (d) CuSO4 + Fe (b) MgCl2
36. (c) FeSO4
(d) AgNO3
Which one of the following figures correctly
describes the process of electrolytic refining ? 38. (frying pan)

[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (a) (b)
(c) (d)
39.

[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(b)
40.
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(c)
ANSWERS KEY
37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (a) 40. (c)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 304

(Carbon)
C 6
SP3

C–4
C+4

2.4
(Covalent Bonds)
22 W/(cm.k)
C–C

CO2 0.03%
0.02%

(K) (K)
290 391
(CH3COOH)
209 334
(CHCl3)
136 351 SP2
(CH3CH2OH)
(CH4) 90 111

C-60

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 305

� � � �1
60 ����–
����–
Note : ����–
– ����
(Universal Nature of
Carbon) �– �
— 1 0
� 1 1
7–8 � 1 2
Note : �-bond �-bond

C6H6

1825
CH2
(Saturated)

CnH2n + 2
–Cl, –Br
–OH
–COH
(CH4)
� CO
(Unsaturated)
�0
–COOR
—CnH2n
–COOH
—CnH2n – 2
(=, �)

H H H
1. H–C–C–C–Cl
H H H
H H H
H–C–C–C–Br
H H H

H HH
2. ol H–C–C–C–OH
H HH

H HH
3. al H–C–C–C = O
H HH

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 306
H H
4. one H–C–C–C–H
H O H

H H O
5. otc acid H–C–C–C–OH
H H

HH
H
6. ene H–C–C = C
H
H

7. yne H–C–C = C–H

H

O2 A.
KMnO4 �
C + O2 � CO2 + + CH3 – CH2OH � CH COOH
K 2Cr2 O7 � 3
CH4 + O2 ��CO2 + H2O + +
CH3CH2OH + O2 ��CO2 + H2O + +

B.

R R H H
Ni, Pd
C C R C C R
H2
R R
R R

= > > Ni Pd

C.

CH4 + Cl2 �������

� CH3Cl + HCl

A.

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 307

2 Na + 2 CH3CH2OH � 2 CH3CH2ONa + H2

(Michel)
(443 K)
CH3CH2OH �������
H2SO4 CH2 = CH2 + H2O

Note :

3 – 4%
290 K

(i) CH3 � COOH � CH3 � CH 2 OH �� ��

CH3 — C— CH2 — CH3 � H2O

||
O
(Hdrophilic Head)
NaOH
(repellent Tail)
(ii) CH3COOC2H5 ���� C2H5OH + CH3COONa
(iii) NaOH + CH3COOH �� CH3COONa + H2O
Na+
(iv) CH3COOH + Na2CO3 ���CH3COONa + H2O
+ CO2
(v) CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ��� CH3COONa +
H2O + CO2
Note :
Note:

Na+

(Soap and Detergent)

(C17H35COOH)
(C17H33COOH) (C15H31COOH)

NaOH KOH

(Detergent)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 308
(a) / carbon monoxide only
(b)
/ carbon monoxide in traces and carbon dioxide
(c) / carbon dioxide only
(d) / coal
2.

Which of the following statements are usually

correct for carbon compounds ? These
(i) / are good conductors
of electricity
(ii) / are poor conductors
of electricity
(iii) / have
strong forces of attraction between their
Note: molecules
(iv) /
do not have strong forces of attraction between
their molecules
(a) (i) (iii) / (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) (iii) / (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) (iv) / (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) (iv)/ (ii) and (iv)
3. (NH3)
A molecule of ammonia (NH3) has
(Friedrich (a) / only single bonds
Wohler) (b) / only double bonds
(c) / only triple bonds
(d) / two double bonds and
one single bond
4.
290K Buckminster fullerene is an allotropic form of
C–C (a) / phosphorus
C–C (b) / sulphur
(c) / carbon (d) / tin
H+C 5.
CO2 (Inorganic) Which of the following are current structural
14 isomers of butane?
H H H
H H H H | | |
| | | | H—C—C—C—H
(i) H—C—C—C—C—H (ii) | |
| | | | H H
H H H H
H—C—H
|
NH3 H
H H H H H
| | | | |
(iii) H—C—C—C—H (iv) H—C — C—H
| | | |
Video Solution H C— H H—C — C—H
| | |
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App
(b) (ii) (iv) / (ii) and (iv)
1. (c) (i) (ii) / (i) and (ii)
Carbon exists in the atmos phere in the form of (d) (iii) (iv) / (iii) and (iv)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 309
KMnO � (i) / Propane
6. 4
CH3 � CH2 � OH ���������CH3 � COOH (ii) / Propene
KMnO4 (iii) / Propyne
AlKaline MnO � Heat
CH 3 � CH 2 � O H � � � � � �4� � �� CH 3 � COO H (iv) / Chloropropane
In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO4 acts as (a) (i) (ii) / (i) and (ii)
(a) / reducing agent (b) (ii) (iv) / (ii) and (iv)
(b) / oxidising agent (c) (iii) (iv) / (iii) (iv)
(c) /catalyst (d) (ii) (iii) / (ii) and (iii)
(d) / dehydrating agent 13.
7. Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at
room temperature in the
(a) / absence of sunlight
Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of
palladium or nickel catalyst form fats. This is an (b) / prsence of sunlight
example of (c) / presence of water
(a) / Addition reaction (d) / presence of
hydrochloric acid
(b) /Substitution reaction
14.
(c) / Displacement reaction
In the soap micelles
(d) / Oxidation reaction
(a)
8. –OH
/ the ionic end of soap is
on the surface of the cluster while the carbon
In which of the following compounds, –OH is the chain is in the interior of the cluster.
functional group ? (b)
(a) / Butanone /ionic end of soap is in the
(b) / Butanol interior of the cluster and the carbon chain is
(c) / Butanoic acid out of the cluster.
(d) / Butanal (c)
9. / both ionic end and carbon chain are in the
The soap molecule has a interior of the cluster
(a) / hydrophilic head (d)
and a hydrophobic tail / both ionic end and carbon chain are on the
(b) / hydrophobic head exterior of the cluster
and a hyddrophilic tail 15. C5H12
(c) / hydrophobic head Pentane has the molecular formula C5H12. It has
and a hydrophobic tail (a) 5 / 5 covalent bonds
(d) / hydrophilic head (b) 12 / 12 covalent bonds
and a hydrophilic tail (c) 16 / 16 covalent bonds
10. (d) 17 /17 covalent bonds
16.
Structural formula of benzene is
Which of the following is the correct representation
of electron dot structure of nitrogen ?
(a) N N (b) N N
(c) (d) N N
(a) (b)
N N
11.
Structural formula of ethyne is
(a) H – C � C – H (b) H3 – C � C – H

(c) (d)
(c) (d)
12.
Identify the unsaturated compounds from the
following

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 310
17. 21.

Ethanol reacts with sodium and forms two

products. These are
(a) / sodium ethanoate Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its
and hydrogen four valence electrons with four univalent atoms,
e.g. hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds,
(b) / sodium ethanoate carbon attains the electronic configuration of
and oxygen (a) /helium (b) /neon
(c) / sodium ethoxide (c) /argon (d) /krypton
and hydrogen 22.
(d) / sodium ethoxide The correct electron dot structure of a water
and oxygen molecule is
18.
(a) H O H (b) H O H
The correct structural formula of butanoic acid is
(c) H O H (d) H O H
(a) 23.
Which of the following is not a straight chain
hydrocarbon?
(b) (a) H C—CH —CH —CH2—CH2
3 2 2

(c) CH3
(b) H3C—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3
CH3
(d)
(c) H2C—H2C—H2C—CH2
19.
Vinegar is a solution of CH3
(a) 50% – 60% / 50% – 60% CH3
acetic acid in alcohol (d) CH—CH2—CH2—CH3
(b) 5% – 8% / 5% – 8%
H3C
acetic acid in alcohol
(c) 5% – 8% / 5% – 8% acetic 24.
Which among the following are unsaturated
acid in water hydrocarbons?
(d) 50% – 60% / 50% – 60% (i) H3C — CH2 — CH2 — CH3
acetic acid in water (ii) H3C — C � C — CH3
20. (iii) H3C—CH—CH3

Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic CH3

because (iv) H3C—C = CH3
(i) / mineral acids
are completely ionised
CH3
(ii) / carboxylic
(a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
acids are completely ionised
(b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
(iii) / mineral acids
(c) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
are partially ionised
(d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
(iv) / carboxylic
25.
acids are partially ionised
(a) (i) (iv) / (i) and (iv) Which of the following does not belong to the same
(b) (ii) (iii) /(ii) and (iii) homologous series?
(c) (i) (ii) / (i) and (ii) (a) CH4 (b) C2 H6
(d) (iii) (iv) / (iii) and (iv) (c) C3 H8 (d) C4 H8

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 311
26. CH3 — CH2 — CHO 32.
The name of the compound CH3 — CH2 — CHO is [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) Propanal (b) Propanone (a) (b)
(c) Ethanol (d) Ethanal (c) (C = 0) (d)
27. CH3 — CH2 — O — CH2— CH2 Cl 33.

The heteroatoms present in [NCERT QUESTION]

CH3 — CH2 — O — CH2— CH2 Cl are
(a)
(i) /oxygen (ii) /carbon (b)
(iii) /hydrogen (iv) /chlorine (c)
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii) (d)
(b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) 34.
(c) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv) [NCERT QUESTION]
(d) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv) (a) (b)
28. (c) (d)
35.
Which of the following represents saponification
reaction? [NCERT QUESTION]
CaO
(a) CH3COONa + NaOH ���� CH4 + Na2CO3 (a) (b)
H SO (c) (d)
2 4 � CH
(b) CH 3 COOH + C 2 H 5 OH ����� 36.
3
COOC2H5 +H2O
(c) 2CH3COOH + 2Na � 2CH3 COONa + H2
[NCERT QUESTION]
(d) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH � CH3 COONa + C2
(a)
H5OH
(b)
29.
(c)
The first member of alkyne homologous series is–
(d)
(a) /ethyne (b) /ethene 37.
(c) /propyne (d) /methane [NCERT QUESTION]
ANSWERS KEY (a) 14
(c) 32
(b) 28
(d) 16
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c) 38.
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (d) [NCERT QUESTION]
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (c) (a) (b)
16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (a) (c) (d)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (d) 39.
[NCERT QUESTION]
26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (d) 29. (a)
(a) 156°C (b) 156 K
(c) 209°C (d) 209 K
40. CO2
30. [NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION] (a) 0.03% (b) 0.003%
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 0.0003% (d) 0.3%
(c) 2 (d) 5
ANSWERS KEY
31. C2H6
30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (b) 34. (b)
[NCERT QUESTION]
35. (a) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (b)
(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 9 40. (a)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 312

(Biological Process)

6 CO2 + 12 H2O ������� C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6 H2O

(Nutrition)

Note :

A. (Autotrophic Nutrition)

(a) (b)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 313
O2

+ =
CO2
B. (Heterotrophic Nutrition)
(Transport in Plants)
(Ded Cell)

(Tracheids)
(Vassels)

(Amoeba Nutrition)

(Pseudopodia)

(Human Nutrition)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 314

(Small Intestine)

NaHCO3

8–10

(Large Intestine)

1.5 – 2L (Apendis)
Column
(B3, B6, B12, K)

3-4
(Respiratory System)

HCl

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 315

O2 CO2

4 ATP
4 ATP 2 ATP

18 ATP
36 ATP

30.5 kJ/mol

ATP
40 ATP 38 ATP
(Blood)
2 ATP

K Ca++

80

1.5 – 3.5 mm3

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 316
(Limph) CO2

WBC

(Excretion)

(Excretion in Human)

(Blood Pressure)

120/80
—1200 mm
—80

O2
24 1 1.8

95% 2.5% 2.5%

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 317
—
—
—
—38 ATP
—40 ATP
—2
ATP
—

—
CO2 —

O2
(Dialysis) mol —
30.5 kJ/mol
— � �
� �

������� � ��CO2
+ H2O + Energy
— � � �
�
— � �
�
Note:
Note:

Note:
�

(Organ Donation)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 318
(b) � � � �

Mouth � oesophagus � stomach � large

Video Solution intestine � small intestine
(c) � � � �
Download
Bigbooster
App Mouth � stomach � oesophagus � small
intestine � large intestine
1. (d) � � � �
Which of the following statements about the
autotrophs is incorrect?
Mouth � oesophagus � stomach � small
(a)
intestine � large intestine
They synthesise carbohydrates from 5.
carbon dioxide and water in the presence of
sunlight and chlorophyll If salivary amylase is lacking in the saliva, which
(b) of the following events in the mouth cavity will be
They store carbohydrates in the form of starch affected?
(c) (a) /Proteins
breaking down into amino acids
They convert carbon dioxide and water into (b) /Starch breaking
carbohydrates in the absence of sunlight down into sugars
(d) They (c) /
constitute the first trophic level in food chains Fats breaking down into fatty acids and glycerol
2. (d) /Absorption of vitamins
6.
In which of the following groups of organisms, food
material is broken down outside the body and
absorbed? The inner lining of stomach is protected by one of
(a) / Mushroom, green plants, the following from hydrochloric acid. Choose the
Amoeba correct one
(b) / Yeast, mushroom, (a) /Pepsin
bread mould (b) /Mucus
(c) / Paramecium, Amoeba,
(c) /Salivary amylase
Cuscuta
(d) / Cuscuta, lice, tapeworm (d) /Bile
3. 7.
Select the correct statement Which part of alimentary canal receives bile from
(a) / the liver?
Heterotrophs do not synthesise their own food (a) /Stomach
(b) (b) /Small intestine
/Heterotrophs utilise solar energy
(c) /Large intestine
for photosynthesis
(c) / (d) /Oesophagus
Heterotrophs synthesise their own food 8.
(d)
/Heterotrophs are capable
of converting carbon dioxide and water into
carbohydrates A few drops of iodine solution were added to rice
4. water. The solution turned blue-black in colour.
Which is the correct sequence of parts in human This indicates that rice water contains ......
alimentary canal? (a) /complex proteins
(a) � � � � (b) /simple proteins
(c) /fats
Mouth � stomach � small intestine �
oesophagus � large intestine (d) /starch

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 319
9. 13.
In which part of the alimentary canal food is finally
digested? Which of the following is most appropriate for
(a) /Stomach aerobic respiration?
(b) /Mouth cavity
(a) �������
� ������
�
(c) /Large intestine
CO2+H2O +
(d) /Small intestine
cytoplasm
10. Glucose �������
mitochondria
� Pyruvate ������
�
Choose the function of the pancreatic juice from CO2+H2O + Energy
the following
(a) (b) ������
� �������
�
/trypsin digests proteins and lipase CO2+H2O+
carbohydrates cytoplasm mitochondria
Glucose ������ � Pyruvate ������� �
(b) CO2+H2O+ Energy
/trypsin digests emulsified fats and
lipase /proteins (c) ������
� +
(c) /trypsin and
lipase digest fats �������
� CO2+H2O
(d) cytoplasm
Glucose ������
� Pyruvate + Energy
/trypsin digests proteins and lipase mitochondria
emulsified fats � CO2+H2O
�������
11.
(d) ������
� +
When air is blown from mouth into a test-tube � CO2+H2O+
�������
containing lime water, the lime water turned
milky due to the presence of cytoplasm
Glucose ������
� Pyruvate + Energy
(a) /oxygen mitochondria
(b) /carbon dioxide � CO2+H2O + Energy
�������
14.
(c) /nitrogen
Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true
(d) /water vapour about respiration?
12. (i)
The correct sequence of anaerobic reactions in yeast
is During inhalation, ribs move inward and
diaphragm is raised
(a) ������
� �������
�
(ii)
+
cytoplasm mitochondria
Glucose ������ � Pyruvate ������� �
Ethanol + Carbondioxide

(b) In the alveoli, exchange of gases takes place

������
� ������
�
i.e., oxygen from alveolar air diffuses into blood
and carbon dioxide from blood into alveolar air
cytoplasm cytoplasm (iii)
Glucose ������
� Pyruvate ������
�
Lactic acid
Haemoglobin has greater affinity for carbon
(c) ������
� �������
� dioxide than oxygen
(iv)
cytoplasm mitochondria
Glucose ������
� Pyruvate �������
�
Lactic acid Alveoli increase surface area for exchange of
gases
(d) ������
� ������
� (a) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
+ (b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
cytoplasm
Glucose ������ cytoplasm
� Pyruvate ������ � (c) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
Ethanol + Carbondioxide (d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 320
15. 18.
Which is the correct sequence of air passage during
inhalation? What prevents backflow of blood inside the heart
(a) � � � � during contraction?
Nostrils � larynx � pharynx � trachea � (a) /Valves in heart
lungs (b) /Thick muscular walls
(b) � � � � of ventricles
(c) /Thin walls of atria
(d) All of the above
Nasal passage � trachea � pharynx � larynx
19.
� alveoli
(c) � � �
larynx � nostrils � pharynx � lungs Single circulation i.e., blood flows through the heart
(d) � � � � only once during one cycle of passage through the
Nostrils � pharynx � larynx � trachea � body, is exhibited by
alveoli (a) /Labeo, Chameleon,
16. Salamander
During respiration exchange of gases take place (b) /Hippocampus,
in Exocoetus, Anabas
(a) /trachea and larynx (c) /Hyla, Rana, Draco
(b) /alveoli of lungs (d) /Whale, Dolphin, Turtle
20.
(c) /alveoli and throat
(d) /throat and larynx In which of the following vertebrate group/groups,
17. heart does not pump oxygenated blood to different
Which of the following statement (s) is (are) true parts of the body?
about heart? (a) /Pisces and amphibians
(i) (b) /Amphibians and reptiles
(c) /Amphibians only
(d) /Pisces only
Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from 21.
the correct statement that describes arteries.
different parts of body while right atrium
receives deoxygenated blood from lungs (a)
(ii)
They have thick elastic walls, blood flows under
high pressure; collect blood from different
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to organs and bring it back to the heart
different body parts while right ventricle (b)
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
(iii)
They have thin walls with valves inside, blood
flows under low pressure and carry blood away
from the heart to various organs of the body
Left atrium transfers oxygenated blood to right
(c)
ventricle which sends it to different body parts
(iv)
They have thick elastic walls, blood flows under
low pressure; carry blood from the heart to
Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from various organs of the body
different parts of the body while left ventricle (d)
pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of
the body
(a) (i) They have thick elastic walls without valves
(b) (ii) inside, blood flows under high pressure and
(c) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv) carry blood away from the heart to different
(d) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) parts of the body.

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 321
22. 28.
The filtration units of kidneys are called Choose the event that does not occu r in
(a) /ureter (b) /urethra photosynthesis
(c) /neurons (d) /nephrons (a) /Absorption
23. of light energy by chlorophyll
(b) /
Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis comes from Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
(a) /water (c) /Oxidation of
(b) /chlorophyll carbon to carbon dioxide
(c) /carbon dioxide (d) /Conversion
(d) /glucose of light energy to chemical energy
24. 29.
The opening and closing of the stomatal pore
The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in depends upon
(a) /carbon dioxide (a) /oxygen
(b) /water (b) /temperature
(c) /heamoglobin (c) /water in guard
(d) /oxygen cells
25. (d) CO2 /concentration of CO2 in
Which of the following is an incorrect statement? stomata
(a) /Organisms grow 30.
with time Choose the forms in which most plants absorb
(b) nitrogen
(i) /Proteins
/Organisms must repair and maintain (ii) /Nitrates and Nitrites
their structure (iii) /Urea
(c) /Movement
(iv) /Atmospheric nitrogen
of molecules does not take place among cells
(d) /Energy is (a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
essential for life processes (b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
26. (c) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
The internal (cellular) energy reserve in autotrophs 31.
is Which is the first enzyme to mix with food in the
(a) /glycogen (b) /protein digestive tract?
(c) /starch (d) /fatty acid (a) /Pepsin (b) /Cellulase
27. (c) /Amylase (d) /Trypsin
32.
Which of the following equations is the summary Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?
of photosynthesis?
(i)
(a) 6CO2 + 12H2O � C6H12O6 + 6O2+ 6H2O
/Pyruvate can be
(b) 6CO2 + H2O + Sunlight � C6H12O6 + O2+
converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by
6H2O yeast
6CO2 + H2O + � C6H12O6 + O2+ (ii) /Fermentation
6H2O takes place in aerobic bacteria
(c) 6CO2 + 12H2O + Chlorophyll + Sunlight � (iii) /Fermentation takes
C6H12O6 + 6O2+ 6H2O place in mitochondria
6CO2 + 12H2O + + � (iv)
Fer mentation is a form of anaerobic
C6H12O6 + 6O2+ 6H2O
respiration
(d) 6CO2 + 12H2O + Chlorophyll + Sunlight � (a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
C6H12O6 + 6CO2+ 6H2O
(b) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
6CO2 + 12H2O + + � (c) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
C6H12O6 + 6CO2+ 6H2O (d) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 322
33. 36.
[NCERT QUESTION]
Lack of oxygen in muscles often leads to cramps (a) (b)
among cricketers. This results due to (c) (d)
(a) /conversion of 37.
pyruvate to ethanol
[NCERT QUESTION]
(b) /conversion of
(a)
pyruvate to glucose
(b)
(c) /non
(c)
conversion of glucose to pyruvate
(d) /conversion (d)
38.
of pyruvate to lactic acid
34.
Choose the correct path of urine in our body [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) � � � (a) (b)
kidney � ureter � urethra � urinary bladder (c) (d)
(b) � � � 39.
kidney � urinary bladder � urethra � ureter [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) � � � (a) (b)
kidney � ureters � urinary bladder � urethra (c) (d) (a) (b)
(d) � � � 40.
urinary bladder � kidney � ureter � urethra [NCERT QUESTION]
35. (a) 120 mmhg (b) 80 mmhg
(c) 120/80 mmhg (d)
During deficiency of oxygen in tissues of human 41.
beings, pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid in
[NCERT QUESTION]
the
(a) (b)
(a) /cytoplasm
(c) (d)
(b) /chloroplast
42.
(c) /mitochondria
[NCERT QUESTION]
(d) /golgi body
(a) ADP (b) ATP
ANSWERS KEY (c) ANP (d) DNA
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b) 43.
6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d) [NCERT QUESTION]
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d) (a) (b)
(c) (d)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (d)
44.
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (c)
[NCERT QUESTION]
26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (b)
(a) (b)
31. (c) 32. (c) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (a)
(c) (d) (a) (b)

ANSWERS KEY
35. 35. (c) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (b)
[NCERT QUESTION] 40. (a) 41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (a)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 323

(Control and Coordination)

(Animal Nervous System)

(Reflex Actions)

—
(Spinal Chord)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 324
(Human Brain) B. (Mid Brain)

C.

(Cerebellum)

1300–1400
370 – 400 (Hormones in Animal)
1200 – 1500 CC

O2

B.

(Cerebrom)
(Coordination in Plants)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 325

—
(Plant Hormone)
A. (Auxin) —

IAA, IBA —

Cold Store

tissue culture

B. (Gibberellin) —
1926 — � �
�
— � �
� �

—
—
—

C. (Cytokinins)

1963

D. (Abscissic Acid (ABA)

D. (Ethylene)

—
—

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 326
5.
Which is the correct sequence of the components
of a reflex arc?
Video Solution (a) � � � �

Download
Bigbooster Receptors� Muscles� Sensory neuron�
App Motor neuron� Spinal cord
(b) � � � �
1. Receptors� Motor neuron � Spinal cord �
Sensory neuron � Muscle
Which of the following statements is correct about (c) � � � �
receptors?
Receptors � Spinal cord � Sensory neuron �
(a) Motor neuron � Muscle
/Gustatory receptors detect taste while (d) � � � �
olfactory receptors detect smell
Receptors � Sensory neuron � Spinal cord �
(b) / Motor neuron � Muscle
Both gustatory and olfactory receptors detect
6.
smell
Which of the following statements are true?
(c) /
(i)
Auditory receptors detect smell and olfactory
receptors detect taste
(d) Sudden action in response to something in the
/Olfactory receptors detect taste and environment is called reflex action
gustatory receptors smell (ii)
2. Sensory neurons carry signals from spinal cord
Electrical impulse travels in a neuron from to muscles
(a) � � � (iii)
Dendrite � axon � axonal end � cell body Motor neurons carry signals from receptors to
spinal cord
(b) � � �
(iv)
Cell body � dendrite � axon � axonal end
(c) � � �
Dendrite � cell body � axon � axonal end The path through which signals are
(d) � � � transmitted from a receptor to a muscle or a
gland is called reflex arc
Axonal end � axon � cell body � dendrite
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
3.
(b) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
In a synapse, chemical signal is transmitted from
(c) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
(a)
(d) (i), (ii) (iii)/(i), (ii) and (iii)
/dendritic end of one neuron to axonal end
7.
of another neuron
Which of the following statements are true about
(b) /axon to cell the brain?
body of the same neuron (i) /The
(c) /cell body main thinking part of brain is hind brain
to axonal end of the same neuron (ii)
(d) /Centres of hearing, smell, memory,
/axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end sight etc are located in fore brain.
of another neuron (iii)
4. /
In a neuron, conversion of electrical signal to a Involuntary actions like salivation, vomiting,
chemical signal occurs at/in blood pressure are controlled by the medulla
(a) /cell body in the hind brain
(b) /axonal end (iv)
(c) /dendritic end /Cerebellum does not control posture and
(d) /axon balance of the body

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 327
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii) (c) /It regulates
(b) (i), (ii) (iii)/(i), (ii) and (iii) blood sugar level
(c) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) (d)
(d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv) /Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause
8. diabetes
Posture and balance of the body is controlled by 15.
(a) /cerebrum Select the mis-matched pair
(b) /cerebellum (a) /Adrenaline : Pituitary
(c) /medulla gland
(d) /pons (b) /Testosterone: Testes
9. (c) /Estrogen : Ovary
Spinal cord originates from (d) /Thyroxin : Thyroid
(a) /cerebrum gland
(b) /medulla 16.
(c) /pons
The shape of guard cells changes due to change in
(d) /cerebellum
the
10.
(a) /protein composition
The movement of shoot towards light is
of cells
(a) /geotropism
(b) /temperature of cells
(b) /hydrotropism
(c) /amount of water in
(c) /chemotropism cells
(d) /phototropism (d) /position of nucleus
11. in the cells
The main function of abscisic acid in plants is to 17.
(a) /increase the length The growth of tendril in pea plants is due to
of cells (a) /effect of light
(b) /promote cell
(b) /effect of gravity
division
(c)
(c) /inhibit growth
/rapid cell divisions in tendrillar
(d) /promote growth of
cells that are away from the support
stem
12. (d)
Which of the following is not associated with /rapid cell divisions in
growth of plant? tendrillar cells in contact with the support
(a) /Auxin 18.
(b) /Gibberellins The growth of pollen tubes towards ovules is due
to
(c) /Cytokinins
(a) /hydrotropism
(d) /Abscisic acid
(b) /chemotropism
13.
Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which (c) /geotropism
hormone? (d) /phototropism
(a) /Adrenaline 19.
(b) /Thyroxin The movement of sunflower in accordance with the
(c) /Auxin path of sun is due to
(d) /Insulin (a) /phototropism
14. (b) /geotropism
Choose the incorrect statement about insulin (c) /chemotropism
(a) /It is produced from (d) /hydrotropism
pancreas 20.
(b)
/It regulates growth and development of the The substance that triggers the fall of mature leaves
body and fruits from plants is due to

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 328
(a) /auxin 25.
(b) /gibberellin What is the correct direction of flow of electrical
(c) /abscisic acid impulses?
(d) /cytokinin
21. (a)

Which of the following statements about

transmission of nerve impulse is incorrect?
(a) (b)
/Nerve impulse travels from dendritic end
towards axonal end
(b)
(c)

At the dendritic end electrical impulses bring

about the release of some chemicals which
generate an electrical impulse at the axonal (d)
end of another neuron
(c)
26.
/The chemicals Which statement is not true about thyroxin?
released from the axonal end of one neuron (a) /
cross the synapse and generate a similar Iron is essential for the synthesis of thyroxin
electrical impulse in a dendrite of another (b)
neuron /It regulates carbohydrates,
(d) protein and fat metabolism in the body
(c)
/A neuron transmits electrical /Thyroid gland requires
impulses not only to another neuron but also iodine to synthesise thyroxin
to muscle and gland cells (d) /Thyroxin
22. is also called thyroid hormone
Involuntary actions in the body are controlled by 27.
Dwarfism results due to
(a) /medulla in fore brain
(a) /Excess secretion of
(b) /medulla in mid brain thyroxin
(c) /medulla in hind brain (b) /Less secretion of
(d) /medulla in spinal cord growth hormone
23. (c) /Less secretion of
Which of the following is not an involuntary action? adrenaline
(a) /Vomiting (d) /Excess secretion
of growth hormone
(b) /Salivation
28.
(c) /Heart beat
(d) /Chewing Dramatic changes of body features associated with
24. puberty are mainly because of secretion of
(a) /
When a person is suffering from severe cold, he or oestrogen from testes and testosterone from
she cannot ovary
(a) /differentiate the (b)
taste of an apple from that of an ice cream /oestrogen from adrenal gland and
(b) /differentiate the testosterone from pituitary gland
smell of a perfume from that of an agarbatti (c) /
testosterone from testes and oestrogen from
(c) /differentiate red ovary
light from green light (d)
(d) /differentiate a hot /testosterone from thyroid gland
object from a cold object and oestrogen from pituitary gland

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 329
29.

A doctor advised a person to take an injection of

34.
insulin because
(a) /his blood pressure was low [NCERT QUESTION]
(b) /his heart was beating (a) (b)
slowly (c) (d)
(c) /he was suffering 35.
from goitre [NCERT QUESTION]
(d) /his sugar level (a) (b)
in blood was high (c) (d)
30. 36.
The hormone which increases the fertility in males [NCERT QUESTION]
is called
(a)
(a) /oestrogen
(b)
(b) /testosterone
(c)
(c) /insulin
(d)
(d) /growth hormone
37.
31.
Which of the following endocrine glands is [NCERT QUESTION]
unpaired? (a) (b)
(a) /Adrenal (c) (a) (b) (d)
(b) /Testes 38.
(c) /Pituitary
(d) /Ovary [NCERT QUESTION]
32. (a) (b)
Junction between two neurons is called (c) (d)
(a) /cell junction 39.
(b) /neuro muscular junction [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) /neural joint (a) (b)
(d) /synapse (c) (a) (b) (d)
33. 40.
In humans, the life processes are controlled and [NCERT QUESTION]
regulated by
(a) 30-40 (b) 18-20
(a) /reproductive and
(c) 13-15 (d) 25-28
endocrine systems
41.
(b) /respiratory and nervous
systems [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) /endocrine and digestive (a) (b)
systems (c) (d)
(d) /nervous and endocrine 42.
systems [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b)
ANSWERS KEY (c) (a) (b) (d)
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (d) 43.
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (d) [NCERT QUESTION]
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a) (a) (b)
(c) (d)
16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (c) ANSWERS KEY
26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (b) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (a)
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (d) 39. (a) 40. (c) 41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (b)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 330

(Reproduction)

DNA

DNA B. (Refutation)

DNA
DNA

DNA
DNA

(Asexual Reproduction)

A. (Fragmentation)

Ex :

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 331
C. (Regeneration)

F. (Vegetative Propagation)

D. (Budding)

(Sexual Reproduction)

DNA

E. (Spore Conjugation)

(Sexual Reproduction in Plant)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 332
etc.

(True Fruit)

(False Fruits)

(Reproduction in Humans)
10 12

28 30

(Menarche)
45–50 (Menopause)

(i) (Gametogenesis)

2–3ºC
(ii) (Fertilization)

(iii) (Development of Zygote)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 333
(A) (Testes) (A) (Ovaries)

2 – 3ºC
(B) (Oviparia)

(C) (Uterus)
7.5 3 cm 5 cm

(B) (Epididymis)

(D) (Vagina)
7 – 10 cm
(C) (Vas deferens)
40 – 45 cm

(D) (Seminal Vesicle)

(E) (Urethra)
AIDS
—
—x > y
(F) (Penis)
—
— – –

— – –
(Accessory Gland) –

Video Solution

Download
Bigbooster
App

1.

In the list of organisms given below, those that

reproduce by the asexual method are
(i) /banana (ii) /dog
(iii) /yeast (iv) /Amoeba
(a) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (iii) (iv)/(i), (iii) and (iv)
(Female Reproductive System) (c) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
(d) (ii), (iii) (iv)/(ii), (iii) and (iv)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 334
2. (b) /only variations with
parents
In a flower, the parts that produce male and female (c) /both similarities
gametes (germ cells) are and variations with parents
(a) /stamen and anther (d) /neither similarities
(b) /filament and stigma nor variations
(c) /anther and ovary 7.
(d) /stamen and style
A feature of reproduction that is common to
3. Amoeba, Spirogyra and Yeast is that
(a) /they reproduce
Which of the following is the correct sequence of asexually
events of sexual reproduction in a flower? (b) /they are all unicellular
(a) /pollination,
(c) /they reproduce
fertilisation, seedling, embryo only sexually
(b) /seedling, embryo, (d) /they are all multicellular
fertilisation, pollination
8.
(c) /pollination,
In Spirogyra, asexual reproduction takes place by
fertilisation, embryo, seedling (a) /breaking up of
(d) /embryo, seedling, filaments into smaller bits
pollination, fertilisation (b) /division
4. of a cell into two cells
(c) /
Offspring fo rmed by asexu al me thod of division of a cell into many cells
reproduction have greater similarity among (d) /
themselves because formation of young cells from older cells.
(i) / 9.
asexual reproduction involves only one parent
(ii) /asexual The ability of a cell to divide into several cells
reproduction does not involve gametes during reproduction in Plasmodium is called
(iii) /asexual (a) /budding
reproduction occurs before sexual reproduction (b) /reduction division
(iv) /asexual (c) /binary fission
reproduction occurs after sexual reproduction (d) /multiple fission
10.
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
The correct sequence of reproductive stages seen
(b) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
in flowering plants is
(c) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
(a) /gametes, zygote,
(d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
embryo, seedling
5.
(b) /zygote, gametes,
embryo, seedling
Characters transmitted from parents to offspring (c) /seedling, embryo,
are present in zygote, gametes
(a) /cytoplasm (d) /gametes, embryo,
(b) /ribosome zygote, seedling
(c) /golgi bodies 11.
(d) /genes
6. The number of chromosomes in parents and
offsprings of a particular species remains constant
Characters that are transmitted from parents to due to
offspring during reproduction show (a)
(a) /only similarities with /doubling of chromosomes after zygote
parents formation

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 335
(b) / 16.
halving of chromosomes during gamete Which of the following statements are true for
formation flowers?
(c) /
(i) /Flowers are always
doubling of chromosomes after gamete
formation bisexual
(d) / (ii) /They are the sexual
halving of chromosomes after gamete reproductive organs
formation (iii) /They are produced
12. in all groups of plants
(iv) /After fertilisation
In Rhizopus, tubular thread-like structures they give rise to fruits
bearing sporangia at their tips are called (a) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
(a) /filaments (b) /hyphae (b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
(c) /rhizoids (d) /roots
(c) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
13.
(d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
Vegetative propagation refers to formation of new
17.
plants from
(a) /stem, roots and flowers
Which among the following statements are true
(b) /stem, roots and leaves
(c) /stem, flowers and fruits for unisexual flowers?
(d) /stem, leaves and flowers (i) /They possess
14. both stamen and pistil
(ii) /They
Factors responsible for the rapid spread of bread possess either stamen or pistil
mould on slices of bread are (iii) /They exhibit cross pollination
(i) /large number of spores (iv)
(ii) /availability /Unisexual flowers possessing only
of moisture and nutrients in bread stamens cannot produce fruits
(iii) /presence of (a) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
tubular branched hyphae (b) (ii), (iii) (iv)/(ii), (iii) and (iv)
(iv) /formation of round (c) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
shaped sporangia (d) (i), (iii) (iv)/(i), (iii) and (iv)
(a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) 18.
(b) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and iv)
(c) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii) Which among the following statements are true
(d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv) for sexual reproduction in flowering plants?
15.
(i) /It requires
two types of gametes
Length of pollen tube depends on the distance
(ii) /Fertilisation is a
between
compulsory event
(a) /pollen grain
(iii) /It always
and upper surface of stigma
(b) /pollen results in formation of zygote
grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule (iv) /Offspring formed
(c) / are clones
pollen grain in anther and upper surface of (a) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
stigma (b) (i), (ii) (iv)/(i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) /
(c) (i), (ii) (iii)/(i), (ii) and (iii)
upper surface of stigma and lower part of style
(d) (i), (ii) (iv)/(i), (ii) and (iv)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 336
19. A, B C 24.
In Figure, the parts A, B and C are sequentially
A In human males, the testes lie in the scrotum,
B because it helps in the
C (a) /process of mating
(a) /cotyledon, plumule and (b) /formation of sperm
radicle (c) /easy transfer of
(b) /plumule, radicle and gametes
cotyledon
(c) /plumule, cotyledon and (d) /all the above
radicle 25.
(d) /radicle, cotyledon and Which among the following is not the function of
plumule testes at puberty?
20. (i) /formation of germ cells
(ii) /secretion of testosterone
Offspring formed as a result of sexual reproduction
exhibit more variations because (iii) /development of placenta
(a) (iv) /secretion of estrogen
/sexual reproduction is a lengthy process (a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
(b) / (b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
genetic material comes from two parents of the
same species (c) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
(c) / (d) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
genetic material comes from two parents of 26.
different species
(d) /genetic
The correct sequence of organs in the male
material comes from many parents
21. reproductive system for transport of sperms is
Reproduction is essential for living organisms in (a) � � /testis � vasdeferens
order to � urethra
(a) /keep the individual organism (b) � � /testis � ureter �
alive urethra
(b) /fulfill their (c) � � /testis � urethra �
energy requirement
(c) /maintain growth ureter
(d) /continue (d) � � /testis � vasdeferens
the species generation after generation � ureter
22. 27.
Which among the following diseases is not sexually
transmitted?
During adolescence, several changes occur in the
human body. Mark one change associated with (a) /Syphillis
sexual maturation in boys (b) /Hepatitis
(a) /loss of milk teeth (c) HIV - AIDS
(b) /increase in height (d) /Gonorrhoea
(c) /cracking of voice
(d) /weight gain ANSWERS KEY
23. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d)
In human females, an event that reflects onset of 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (a)
reproductive phase is 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b)
(a) /growth of body 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (b)
(b) /changes in hair pattern
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (c)
(c) /change in voice
(d) /menstruation 26. (a) 27. (b)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 337
38.
[NCERT QUESTION]
28. (a) (b)
[NCERT QUESTION] (c) (d)
(a) (b) 39.
(c) (d) [NCERT QUESTION]
29. (a) 2 10 (b) 2 8
[NCERT QUESTION] (c) 2 3 (d) 2 12
(a) (b) 40.
(c) (d) [NCERT QUESTION]
30. (a) (b)
[NCERT QUESTION]
(c) (d)
(a) (b)
41.
(c) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION]
31.
(a) (b)
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (c) (d)
(b) 42.
(c) [NCERT QUESTION]
(d) (a) (c) (a) (b)
32. (c) (a) (b) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION] 43.
(a) [NCERT QUESTION]
(b) (a) X > Y (b) X < Y
(c) (a) (b) (c) X � Y (d) X = Y
(d) 44.
33.
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) RNA (b)
(a) (b)
(c) DNA (d)
(c) (d)
45.
34.
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b) [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) (a) (b)
(d) (c) (d)
35. 46.
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION] (a) (b)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) (d) 47.
36. [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b)
[NCERT QUESTION] (c) (d)
(a) (b)
(c) (d) ANSWERS KEY
37.
28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (d) 31. (a) 32. (c)
33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (b) 37. (c)
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (b) 41. (d) 42. (a)
(c) (d) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (a)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 338

(Heredity)

F1
=3 1
=1:2:1
=1
(1856 – 63) =1
=2
=1:1

1909

1:1
1900
RRYY rryy
DNA

RrYy
A. (Law of Effect)
F1

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 339
F1 F2
9:3:3:1
XY XX

22+X 22+Y 22+X 22+X

44+XX 44+XY

315 —9
108 —3
101 —3
32 —1
F2 =1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
F2 =9:3:3:1

1902
DNA

23
22

23 23

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 340

—23
—23 Video Solution
(22 + 1)
— Download
Bigbooster
— App

— 1.
Exchange of genetic material takes place in
—
(a) /vegetative reproduction
—
(b) /asexual reproduction
— +
(c) /sexual reproduction
—x > y
(d) /budding
— 2. 1
F1 —1 : 1 2 1
F2 —3 : 1
— Two pink coloured flowers on crossing resulted in
— 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. The
nature of the cross will be
(a) /double fertilization
(b) /self pollination
(c) /cross fertilization
(d) /no fertilization
3. (TT)

A cross between a tall plant (TT) and short pea

plant (tt) resulted in progeny that were all tall
plants because

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 341
(a) /tallness is the dominant 8. X-
trait
(b) /shortness is the dominant
A zygote which has an X-chromosome inherited
trait
from the father will develop into a
(c) /shortness is the
recessive trait (a) /boy (b) /girl
(d) "T" 't' (c) X-
/height of pea plant is not governed by X-chromosome does not determine the sex of a
gene ‘T’ or ‘t’ child
4. (d) /either boy or girl
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
9.
(a) /For every
hormone there is a gene. Select the incorrect statement
(b) /For every (a)
protein there is a gene. /Frequency of
(c) /For certain genes in a population change over
production of every enzyme there is a gene. several generations resulting in evolution
(d) /For every (b)
molecule of fat there is a gene.
5. (RR yy) /Reduction in weight of
(rr YY) the organism due to starvation is genetically
controlled
F1
If a round, green seeded pea plant (RR yy) is crossed (c)
with wrinkled, yellow seeded pea plant, (rr YY) /Low weight parents can have heavy weight
the seeds produced in F1 generation are progeny
(a) /round and yellow
(d)
(b) /round and green
/Traits which are not inherited
(c) /wrinkled and green
over generations do not cause evolution
(d) /wrinkled and yellow
6. 10.
New species may be formed if
(i) DNA /
In human males all the chromosomes are paired DNA undergoes significant changes in germ
perfectly except one. This/these unpaired cells
chromosome is/are
(ii) /
(i) /large chromosome
chromosome number changes in the gamete
(ii) /small chromosome
(iii) Y- /Y-chromosome (iii) /there is no
(iv) X- /X-chromosome change in the genetic material
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii) (iv) /mating does not
(b) (i)/(iii) only take place
(c) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv) (a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
(d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv) (b) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
7. (c) (ii), (iii) (iv)/(ii), (iii) and (iv)
The maleness of a child is determined by (d) (i), (ii) (iii)/(i), (ii) and (iii)
(a) X /the X chromosome in the
11. (RRyy)
zygote
(b) Y /the Y chromosome in zygote (rrYY) F1
(c) F1
/the cytoplasm of germ cell which determines F2
the sex
(d) /sex is
determined by chance

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 342
Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RRyy) 15.
and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds
produce F1 progeny that have round, yellow (RrYy) Which of the following statements is not true with
seeds. When F1 plants are selfed, the F2 progeny respect to variation?
will have new combination of characters. Choose (a)
the new combination from the following
/All variations in a species have
(i) /Round, yellow
equal chance of survival
(ii) /Round, green
(b)
(iii) /Wrinkled, yellow
/Change in genetic composition results in
(iv) /Wrinkled, green
variation
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
(c)
(b) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
/Selection of variants
(c) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) by environmental factors forms the basis of
(d) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) evolutionary processes.
12. (d) /
Variation is minimum in asexual reproduction
16.
A basket of vegetables contains carrot, potato, A trait in an organism is influenced by
radish and tomato. Which of them represent the (a) DNA /paternal DNA only
correct homologous structures? (b) DNA /maternal DNA only
(a) /Carrot and potato
(c) DNA /both maternal
(b) /Carrot and tomato and paternal DNA
(c) /Radish and carrot (d) DNA DNA /
(d) /Radish and potato neither by paternal nor by maternal DNA
13. 17.
Select the correct statement
(a) Select the group which shares maximum number
/Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of of common characters
Opuntia are homologous (a) /two individuals of a
(b) species
/Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of (b) /two species of a genus
Opuntia are analogous (c) /two genera of a family
(c) / (d) /two genera of two families
Wings of birds and limbs of lizards are
18.
analogous
(d) /
Wings of birds and wings of bat are homologous According to the evolutionary theory, formation of
a new species is generally due to
14.
(a) /
sudden creation by nature
If the fossil of an organism is found in the deeper
(b) /
layers of earth, then we can predict that
accumulation of variations over several
(a) /the generations
extinction of organism has occurred recently
(c) /clones
(b) /the extinction
formed during asexual reproduction
of organism has occurred thousands of years
ago (d)
(c) /movement of individuals from one habitat
to another
/the fossil position
in the layers of earth is not related to its time 19.
of extinction
(d) / From the list given below, select the character
time of extinction cannot be determined which can be acquired but not inherited

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 343
(a) /colour of eye The theory of evolution of species by natural
(b) /colour of skin selection was given by
(c) /size of body (a) /Mendel (b) /Darwin
(d) /nature of hair (c) /Morgan (d) /Lamarck
20. 25.

The two versions of a trait (character) which are

brought in by the male and female gametes are Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could
situated on not fly but birds have feathers that help them to
(a) /copies of the same fly. In the context of evolution this means that
chromosome (a) /reptiles have evolved
(b) /two different chromosomes from birds
(c) /sex chromosomes (b) /
(d) /any chromosome there is no evolutionary connection between
reptiles and birds
21.
(c) /feathers are
Select the statements that describe characteristics
homologous structures in both the organisms
of genes
(d) /birds have evolved
(i) DNA /
from reptiles
genes are specific sequence of bases in a DNA
molecule ANSWERS KEY
(ii) /a gene does not code
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a)
for proteins
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a)
(iii)
/in individuals of a given 11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a)
species, a specific gene is located on a particular 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
chromosome 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (d)
(iv) /each
chromosome has only one gene
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
26.
(b) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
(c) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
22. (TT) (tt)
F2
[NCERT QUESTION]
In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a (a) TTWW (b) TTww
short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to (c) TtWW (d) TiWw
short plants in F2 is 27.
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 1 [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
(a) (b)
23.
(c) (a) (b) (d)
28.
The number of pair (s) of sex chromosomes in the
zygote of humans is [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) /one (b) /two (a) (b)
(c) /three (d) /four (c) (d)
24. 29.
[NCERT QUESTION]

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 344
(a) (b) 36.
(c) (d) [NCERT QUESTION]
30. F1 (a) 23 (b) 46
[NCERT QUESTION] (c) 45 (d) 22
(a) (b) 37.
(c) (d) (a) (b) [NCERT QUESTION]
31. (a) (b)
(c) (a) (b) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION] 38.
(a) RNA (b) DNA [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) (d) (a)
32. (b)
[NCERT QUESTION] (c)
(a) (b) (d) (a) (c)
(c) (d) 39.
33.
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b) (a) (b)
(c) (d) (c) (d)
34. DNA 40.
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) DNA
(a) (b)
(b) DNA
(c) (d)
(c) DNA
(d) ANSWERS KEY
35. 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (b)
[NCERT QUESTION] 31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (a)
(a) 2 (b) 46 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (c) 40. (b)
(c) 23 (d) 45

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 345

1.4
2-3cm
H.

Note :

A. 150º 180º

25 cm (Far)

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 346

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 347

2 2

42.8º

52.8º/55º

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 348
2.

A student sitting on the last bench can read the

letters written on the blackboard but is not able to
1.8 read the letters written in his text book. Which of
the following statements is correct?
(a) /The
near point of his eyes has receded away
(b) /The
near point of his eyes has come closer to him
(c) /The far
point of his eyes has come closer to him
(d) /The far
point of his eyes has receded away
3. ABC BC

A prism ABC (with BC as base) is placed in

25cm different orientations. A narrow beam of white light
is incident on the prism as shown in Figure. In
which of the following cases, after dispersion, the
third colour from the top corresponds to the colour
of the sky?

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(a) (i) (b) (ii)
(c) (iii) (d) (iv)
4.
At noon the sun appears white as
(a) /light is least
scattered
(b) /all the
colours of the white light are scattered away
(c) /blue colour is
Video Solution
scattered the most
(d) /red colour is
Download scattered the most
Bigbooster 5.
App

Which of the following phenomena of light are

1. 2m involved in the formation of a rainbow?
(a) /Reflection, refraction
and dispersion
A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond (b) /Refraction,
2 m. This defect can be corrected by using a lens of dispersion and total internal reflection
power (c) /Refraction,
(a) + 0.5 D (b) – 0.5 D dispersion and internal reflection
(d) /Dispersion,
(c) + 0.2 D (d) – 0.2 D
scattering and total internal reflection

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 349
6. Which of the following phenomena contributes
Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric significantly to the reddish appearance of the sun
(a) /dispersion at sunrise or sunset?
of light by water droplets (a) /Dispersion of light
(b) (b) /Scattering of light
/refraction of light by different (c) /Total internal
layers of varying refractive indices reflection of light
(c) /scattering (d) /Reflection of light from
of light by dust particles the earth
(d) /internal 11.
reflection of light by clouds The bluish colour of water in deep sea is due to
7. (a) /
The clear sky appears blue because the presence of algae and other plants found
(a) /blue in water
light gets absorbed in the atmosphere (b) /reflection of sky in water
(b) / (c) /scattering of light
ultraviolet radiations are absorbed in the (d) /absorption of light by
atmosphere the sea
(c) 12.
/violet and
blue lights get scattered more than lights of When light rays enter the eye, most of the
all other colours by the atmosphere refraction occurs at the
(d) (a) /crystalline lens
/light of all (b) /outer surface of the cornea
other colours is scattered more than the violet (c) /iris
and blue colour lights by the atmosphere (d) /pupil
8. 13.
The focal length of the eye lens increases when eye
Which of the following statements is correct muscles
regarding the propagation of light of different (a) /are relaxed
colours of white light in air? and lens becomes thinner
(a) /Red light (b) /contract and
moves fastest lens becomes thicker
(b) (c) /are relaxed
/Blue light moves faster than green light and lens becomes thicker
(c) /All (d) /contract and
the colours of the white light move with the lens becomes thinner
same speed 14.
(d) Which of the following statement is correct?
/Yellow light moves with the mean speed (a)
as that of the red and the violet light /A person with myopia can see distant
9. objects clearly
(b)
/A person with hypermetropia can see
nearby objects clearly
The danger signals installed at the top of tall
buildings are red in colour. These can be easily (c)
seen from a distance because among all other /A person with myopia can see nearby
colours, the red light objects clearly
(a) /is scattered (d)
the most by smoke or fog /A person with hypermetropia cannot see
(b) /is scattered distant objects clearly
the least by smoke or fog
(c) /is absorbed ANSWERS KEY
the most by smoke or fog 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)
(d) /moves fastest in air
6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
10.
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (c)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 350
25.
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b)
15.
(c) (d)
26.
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a)
(a) (b) (b)
(c) (d) (c)
16. (d)
[NCERT QUESTION] 27.
(a) (b) [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) (d) (a) (b)
17. (c) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION] 28.
(a) 25 m (b) 2.5 cm [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) 25 m (d) 2.5 m (a) (b)
18. (c) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION] 29.
(a) (b) [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) (d) (a) 4-6 (b) 1-2
19. (c) 5-10 (d) 2-3
5.5 30.
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION] (a) (b)
(a) 18 m (b) –18cm (c) (d)
(c) .18 cm (d) 9 m 31.
20. [NCERT QUESTION]
80cm (a) (b)
(c) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION] 32.
(a) –1.25 D (b) 1.25 D [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) 125 D (d) 15.4 zD (a) (b)
(c) (d)
21.
33.
1m
[NCERT QUESTION]
25 cm (a) (b)
(c) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION]
34.
(a) +3 (b) –3
[NCERT QUESTION]
(c) +5 (d) –6
(a) (b)
22.
(c) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION]
35.
(a) (b)
[NCERT QUESTION]
(c) (d)
(a) (b)
23.
(c) (d)
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) ANSWERS KEY
(b)
15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (b)
(c) (a) (b)
(d) 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (c)
24. 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (a)
[NCERT QUESTION] 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (d)
(a) 25 m (b) 25 mm
35. (a)
(c) 25 cm (d) 2.5 m

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 351

W W
V� V�
q It

Q (v)
I�
t
SI Ex. 12V 2C

Sol. V (= 12
Q (= 2

W = VQ
= 12V × 2C = 24J

���
���

V�I

Ex. 0.5 A 10 V � IR

V
Sol. I = 0.5 A; t = 10 min = 600 s
R

Q = It
= 0.5A × 600s I
= 300C

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 352
SI Note :
R �
Ex. (a) 1200W
220V
(b) 100
220V
Sol. (a) V = 220V; R = 1200W
I = 220V/1200W
R�
= 0.18A
(b) V = 220 V; R = 100� R�l
I = 220 V/100�
1
= 2.2A R�
A
220V
l
Ex. 4A � R�
A
60V
l
120V R ��
A
Sol. V = 60 V, I = 4A
V 60V l=
R� � � 15
I 4A A=
120V �=
V 120V
I� � �A
R 15 l, A
8A

Ex. 1m 20ºC
26 0.3 mm

Sol. R = 26 ��
d = 0.3 mm = 3 × 10–4m, l = 1m

� = (RA/l) = (R�d2/4l)
1. + –
+ � = 1.84 × 10–6
2. –
20ºC
3. 1.84 × 10–6�m
4.
5.
6.

7. –
+ ��
8. �m
9.
10. +A– 10–8 �m 10–6 �m
1012 1017 �m
11. +V–

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 353

Vt � V1 � V2 � V3 ........
IRt = IR1 + IR2 + IR3 ...........
R t � R1 � R 2 � V3 ........

( m)
1.60 × 10–8
1.62 × 10–8
2.63 × 10–8
5.20 × 10–8
6.84 × 10–8
10.0 × 10–8
12.9 × 10–8
94.0 × 10–8
1.84 × 10–6
49 × 10–6
Cu Ni
44 × 10–6
Cu, Mn Ni
100 × 10–6
Ni, Cr, Mn Fe
1010 – 1014
1013 – 1016
1015 – 1017 If = I1 + I2 + I3
1012 – 1013
V V V V
1012 � � � (V = IR)
Rt R1 R 2 R3

1 1 1 1
� � �
Rt R1 R 2 R3

H � I2
H �t
H �R
H � I2 Rt

V2
H� t or H � Pt or H � VIt
R

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 354
Ex. 400W 8
3.00 kWh 30

Sol. 30
400W × 8.0 × 30 = 96000 Wh
= 96 kWh
30
Ex. 4 100J 96kWh × 3.00kWh = 2.88.00

Sol. H = 100J, R = 4W, t =1s, V = ?

i
I = �(H/Rt) Pt � P1 � P2 � P3 ...........
= �[100 J/(4��× 1s)
= 5A
V
V = IR
= 5A × 4W
= 20V

–KVA
H I2 Rt V2
(P) � � � I2 R � VI �
t t R
SI
Video Solution

1HP � 746W Download

Bigbooster
App
KW
(KWh) 1.
unit
1KWh � 3.6 � 10 6 J
A cell, resistor, a key and ammeter are arranged
Ex. 840 W
as shown in the circuit diagrams of Figure. The
360 W current recorded in the ammeter will be–

220V

Sol.
P = VI
I = P/V (i) (ii)
(a)
I = 840 W/220 V = 3.82A;

R = V/I = 220 V/3.82 A = 57.60�

(b)
I = 360 W/220V = 1.64A; (iii)
(a) (i) / maximum in (i)
R = V/I = 220 V/1.64 A = 134.15� (b) (ii) / maximum in (ii)
Ex. 220V (c) (iii) / maximum in (iii)
0.50 (d) / the same in all the cases
2. 12V
Sol. P = VI
= 220V × 0.50A
= 110 J/s In the following circuits (Figure), heat produced in
= 110W the resistor or combination of resistors connected
to a 12 V battery will be–

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 355
6. 1/5 �

What is the maximum resistance which can be

made using five resistors each of 1/5 � ?
(a) 1/5 � (b) 10 �
(c) 5 � (d) 1 �
(i) (ii) 7. 1/5 �

What is the minimum resistance which can be

made using five resistors each of 1/5� ?
(a) 1/5 � (b) 1/25 �
(iii) (c) 1/10 � (d) 25 �
(a) / same in all the cases 8.
(b) (i) / minimum in case (i)
(c) (ii) / maximum in case (ii) The proper representation of series combination of
(d) (iii) / maximum in case (iii) cells (Figure) obtaining maximum potential is–
3.

Electrical resistivity of a given metalliic wire de- (i) (ii)

pends upon
(a) / its length
(b) / its thickness
(iii) (iv)
(c) / its shape
(d) / nature of the material (a) (i) (b) (ii)
4. 1A (c) (iii) (d) (iv)
16 9.
Which of the following represents voltage?
A current of 1 A is drawn by a filament of an elec- Workdone
tric bulb. Number of electrons passing through a (a) /
× Current � Time
cross section of the filament in 16 seconds would be
roughly (b) × / Work done × Charge
(a) 1020 (b) 1016 × Work done � Time
(c) 1018 (d) 1023 (c) /
Current
5. (d) × ×
Work done × Charge × Time
Identify the circuit (Figure) in which the electrical 10. l A
components have been properly connected. R
2l R

A cylindrical conductor of length l and uniform area

of cross-section A has resistance R. Another con-
ductor of length 2l and resistance R of the same
(i) (ii) material has area of cross section
(a) A/2 (b) 3A/2
(c) 2A (d) 3A
11. R1, R2
R3 V-I

A student carries out an experiment and plots the

(iii) (iv) V-I graph of three samples of nichrome wire with
(a) (i) (b) (ii) resistances R1, R2 and R3 respectively (Figure)
(c) (iii) (d) (iv) Which of the following is true?

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 356

I R1 An electric kettel consumes 1 kW of electric power

(ampere) R2 when aperated at 220 V. A fuse wire of what rating
R3
must be used for it?
(a) 1 A (b) 2 A
(c) 4 A (d) 5 A
V(volt) 17. 2 � 4�
(a) R1 = R2 = R3 (b) R1 > R2 > R3
(c) R3 > R2 > R1 (d) R2 > R3 > R1 Two resistors lof resistance 2 � and 4 � when
12. 100% connected to a bettery will have–
(a)
same current flowing through them when con-
If the current I through a resistor is increased by nected in parallele
100% (assume that temperature remains un-
changed), the increase in power dissipated will be– (b)
(a) 100 % (b) 200 % same current flowing through them when con-
(c) 300 % (d) 400 % nected in series
13. (c)
The resistivity does not change if same potential difference across them when
(a) / the material is changed connected in series
(b) / the temperature is changed (d)
(c) different potential difference across them when
the shape of the resistor is changed connected in parallel
(d) 18.
both material and temperature are changed
14. A, Unit of electric power may also be expressed as
B, C 40W, 60W 100W
(a) / volt ampere
(b) / kilowatt hour
In an electrical circuit three incandescent bulbs A, (c) / watt second
B and C of rating 40W, 60W and 100W respectively (d) / joule second
are connected in parallel to an electric source. Which
of the following is likely to happen regarding their ANSWERS KEY
brightness?
(a) /Brightness of all the 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)
bulbs will be the same 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (c)
(b) A /Brightness of bulb 11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c)
A will be the maximum 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b)
(c) B A /
Brightness of bulb B will be more than that
of A
(d) C B / 19. R
Brightness of bulb C will be less than that of B
15. 2�
R' R/R'
4� 6V 4�
5s
In an electrical circuit two resistors of 2 � and 4 � [NCERT QUESTION]
respectively are connected in series to a 6 V bat- (a) 1/25 (b) 1/5
tery. The heat dissipated by the 4 � resistor in 5 s (c) 5 (d) 25
will be 20.
(a) 5 J (b) 10 J
(c) 20 J (d) 30 J
[NCERT QUESTION]
16. 220 V 1 kw
(a) I2R (b) IR2
(c) VI (d) V2/R

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 357
21. 220V; 100W 28. 176 �
110V 220 V 5A

[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) 100 W (b) 75 W
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 50 W (d) 25 W
22. (c) 3 (d) 6
29. 220 V
10 W 220 V
5A
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
(a) 110 (b) 111
23.
(c) 105 (d) 113
[NCERT QUESTION] 30. A
(a) (b) B 24 �
(c) (a) (b) (d)
24. 0.5 mm 1.6 × 220 V
10–8 � m 10 �

[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) 9.2, 4.6, 18.3 (b) 92, 46, 183
1 1
(a) 122.7m, (b) 1227m, (c) 92, 4.6, 18 (d) 46, 13, 15
4 4
31. 100 W; 220 V
1
(c) 120m, (d) 125m, 5 60 W; 220 V
4
220 W
25. V
I
[NCERT QUESTION]
I 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 (a) .73 A (b) 7.3 A
V 1.6 3.4 6.7 10.2 13.2 (c) 73 A (d) 730 A
V I 32. 8 � 2 15 A

[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) 3.33 (b) 33.3
[NCERT QUESTION]
(c) 333 (d) 4.5
26. 12 V (a) 120 W (b) 240 W
2.5 mA (c) 60 W (d) 90 W
33.
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) 4.8 k� (b) 48 k� (a) J (b) KWh
(c) 480 � (d) 4.8 � (c) (d) KVA
27. 9 V 0.2 �, 0.3 �, 0.4 � , 0.5 �
12 � ANSWERS KEY
12 � 19. (d) 20. (b) 21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (a)
[NCERT QUESTION]
24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (a)
(a) 0.67 A (b) 0.76 A
(c) 6.7 A (d) 53 A 29. (a) 30. (a) 31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (b)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 358

� 2�
V 2V

360
–1
�
1676 3 × 108 m/s 360
�

i r

(i) (ii)

(AgNO3)

i r

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 359

( �h i ) h i
m�� �
ho ho

– +

P +
C F

m=1
m>1
m<1

(v) v h
m) � � � � i
( �u) u h o
P P
C F C F
– +
+

1 1 1 vu 2vu
� � or F � or R �
F v u v�u v�u

P 1 1 1 vu 2uv
C F � � or F � or R �
F v u u�v u�v
R
R � 2F or F �
2

(m) (m)

= =
(a)

�v �h i
m� m
u ho

Note :

�v � v
m � � �� ���
� �u � u

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 360

(headlights)

(shaving mirrors)

P F
P

Ex :
1.
3.00 m
5.00 m

Sol. R = +3.00 m;
u = –5.00 m;
v=?
R 3.00m
f� �� � �1.50m
2 2

1 1 1
� �
v u f
1 1 1
� �
v u f
1 1 1 1
= � � � �
1.50 ( �5.00) 1.50 5.00
5.00 � 1.50
=
7.50

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 361
�7.50
v= � �1.15m
6.50
1.15m
h' v
m� ��
h u
1.15m
= � = + 0.23
�5.00m
(0.23
2. 4.0 cm 15.0 cm
25.0 cm

Sol. h = +4.0 cm;

u = –25.0 cm;
f = –15.0 cm;
v=?
h' = ?

1 1 1
� �
v u f
1 1 1
� �
v f u
1 1 1 1
= � � �
�15.0 �25.0 15.0 25.0
1 �5.0 � 3.0 �2.0
� �
v 75.0 75.0
v = –37.5 cm
37.5 cm

h' v
m� ��
h u
vh ( �37.5cm)( �4.0cm)
h' � � �
u ( �25.0cm)
h' = –6.0 cm

Note : +�
–�

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 362

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 363

�i � �r
sini � sinr
sin i
u� u�
sin r

Note :
1
P�
F
1 Note :
P� F
F
�
1
P� F cm
100
SI

P � P1 � P2 � .........
d
P � P1 � P2 � dp1 .p2
Note:

1 2 n12
1 2
n12 � �
2 1
1
�

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 364
(a) –30 cm (b) –20 cm
(c) –40 cm (d) –60 cm
1.0003 1.53
3.
1.31 1.54
1.33 1.63 Under which of the following conditions a concave
1.36 1.65 mirror can form an image larger than the actual
object?
1.44 1.71
(a) /When the object
1.46 1.77 is kept at a distance equal to its radius of
1.47 2.42 curvature
1.50 (b) /When
1.52 object is kept at a distance less than its focal
length
(c) /
When object is placed between the focus and
–3 × 108 m/s centre of curvature
1 (d) /
–1, When object is kept at a distance greater than
its radius of curvature
4. A B
A B
Figure shows a ray of light as it travels from
–2.42 medium A to medium B. Refractive index of the
–1.5 medium B relative to medium A is
–1.33

45º
45º B
Video Solution 30º
60º A
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Bigbooster
App
(a) 3/ 2 (b) 2/ 3
1. (c) 1 / 2 (d) 2
5. A
Which of the following can make a parallel beam B A B
of light when light from a point source is incident
on it?
A light ray enters from medium A to medium B as
(a) /Concave mirror
shown in Figure. The refractive index of medium
as well as convex lens
B relative to A will be
(b) /Convex mirror
as well as concave lens
(c) 90º /Two plane B
mirrors placed at 90° to each other
(d) /Concave mirror
as well as concave lens
2. 10 mm A
(a) /greater than unity
5 mm
(b) /less than unity
30 cm
A 10 mm long awl pin is placed vertically in front (c) /one (d) /zero
of a concave mirror. A 5 mm long image of the awl 6. A B
pin is formed at 30 cm in front of the mirror. The C D
focal length of this mirror is

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 365
Beams of light are incident through the holes A 9.
and B and emerge out of box through the holes C
and D respectively as shown in the Figure. Which Magnification produced by a rear view mirror fitted
of the following could be inside the box? in vehicles
(a) /is less than one
(b) /is more than one
A
(c) /is equal to one
C
(d)
/can be more
B than or less than one depending upon the
D position of the object in front of it
10.
(a) /A rectangular glass 15 cm
slab Rays
(b) /A convex lens from Sun converge at a point 15 cm in front of a
(c) /A concave lens concave mirror. Where should an object be placed
so that size of its image is equal to the size of the
(d) /A prism
object?
7. A (a) 15 cm /15 cm in front of the mirror
B (b) 30 cm /30 cm in front of the mirror
(c) 15 cm 30 cm /between 15 cm
A beam of light is incident through the holes on and 30 cm in front of the mirror
side A and emerges out of the holes on the other (d) 30 cm /more than 30 cm in
face of the box as shown in the Figure. Which of front of the mirror
the following could be inside the box? 11.

A B 1 A full length image of a distant tall building can

11 2
10
9 3 definitely be seen by using
8 4
7
6
5 (a) /a concave mirror
6
5
4 7 (b) /a convex mirror
3 8
2 9 (c) /a plane mirror
1 10
11 (d) /both concave as
well as plane mirror
(a) /Concave lens
12.
(b) /Rectangular glass slab
(c) /Prism In torches, search lights and headlights of vehicles
(d) /Convex lens the bulb is placed
8. (a) /between the pole
Which of the following statements is true? and the focus of the reflector
(a) 0.25m 4 (b) /very near to
/A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having the focus of the reflector
a focal length 0.25 m (c) /between the
focus and centre of curvature of the reflector
(b) 0.25 m –4
(d) /at the centre of curvature
/A convex lens has –4 dioptre power
of the reflector
having a focal length 0.25 m
13.
(c) 0.25 m 4
The laws of reflection hold good for
/A concave lens has 4 dioptre power
(a) /plane mirror only
having a focal length 0.25 m (b) /concave mirror only
(d) 0.25 m –4 (c) /convex mirror only
/A concave lens has –4 dioptre power (d) /all
having a focal length 0.25 m mirrors irrespective of their shape

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 366
14.
A, B, C, D

The path of a ray of light coming from air passing

through a rectangular glass slab traced by four
students are shown as A, B, C and D in Figure. (a) A/Fig. A (b) B/Fig. B
Which one of them is correct? (c) C/Fig. C (d) D/Fig. D
17.

Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for

the ray of light incident on a lens shown in Fig. ?

A B

C D

(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
15.

You are given water, mustard oil, glycerine and

kerosene. In which of these media a ray of light
incident obliquely at same angle would bend the (a) A/Fig. A (b) B/Fig. B
most? (c) C/Fig. C (d) D/Fig. D
(a) /Kerosene 18.
(b) /Water
(c) /Mustard oil
(d) /(Benzene)
16. A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She
finds the image of her head bigger, the middle
portion of her body of the same size and that of the
Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for legs smaller. The following is the order of
the ray of light incident on a concave mirror as combinations for the magic mirror from the top.
shown in Figure ? (a) /Plane, convex and concave
(b) /Convex, concave and plane
(c) /Concave, plane and convex
(d) /Convex, plane and concave
19.

In which of the following, the image of an object

placed at infinity will be highly diminished and
point sized?
(a) /Concave mirror only
(b) /Convex mirror only
(c) /Convex lens only
(d) /
Concave mirror, convex mirror, concave lens
and convex lens

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 367
(a) 15cm (b)
ANSWERS KEY (c) (d)
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a) 27.
6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (d) [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b)
16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (d)
(c) (d)
28. 15 cm
10 cm
20.
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b) (a) 35 cm (b) 30 cm
(c) (d) (c) 40 cm (d) 45 cm
21. 29. 15 cm 10 cm

[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]

(a) (a) 6 cm (b) 9 cm
(b) (c) 10 cm (d) 12 cm
(c) 30. –2.0 D
(d)
[NCERT QUESTION]
22.
(a) –0.5 (b) +0.67
(c) +5 (d) –5
[NCERT QUESTION]
31. +1.5 D
(a)
(b)
(c) [NCERT QUESTION]
(d) (a) +6.67 (b) +0.67
23. (c) 0.76 (d) +0.56
–15 cm 32.
[NCERT QUESTION] [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b) 1 1
(c) (a) (b)
(d)
(c) (a) (b) (d)
24.
33.
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (b) v �v
(a) (b)
(c) (d) u u
25. (dictionary) u V
(c) (d)
v R
[NCERT QUESTION] 34.
(a) 50 cm [NCERT QUESTION]
(b) 50 cm (a) (b)
(c) 5 cm (c) (d) (a) (c)
(d) 5 cm
26. 15 cm ANSWERS KEY
20. (d) 21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (d)
(range)
25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (a)
[NCERT QUESTION] 30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (d)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 368

(Periodic
Classification of Elements)

(Elements), (Mixtures)
(Compounds)
(1780-1849)
118 94 (J.W. Dobereiners)
118
(Muncheberg)
(Strasbourg)

(Organization the Chaotic Early

attempts at Classification of Elements)

(Newland's Law of Octaves)

1866

56
(Dobereiner's Triads)

1817

(Wolfgang Dobereiner)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 369
(Mendeleev's Periodic
(Newlands Octave (Music Notes) Table)

(Important Facts)

56

(Irrelevant)
(Example)
(Mendeleev's Periodc Table) 58.9 58.7

(Dmitry Ivanovich
Mendeleev)
63

(Noble Gases) (He),

63
(Ne) (Ar)

(Vertical)
(Horizontal)

(Properties of Single Alluminium and

Gallium)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 370

18

(F) (Cl)
17

(Electronic Configuration)

1 17

2n2 n

1913 (Henry Mosley) Na, Mr, Al, Si, P, S, Cd Ar

K, L M

8, 18, 18, 32, 32

L 2 × (2)2 = 8
K 2 × 12 = 2,

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 371

37 pm 1
–12
pm =10 m

(Outer Shell)

B-
88pm, Be-111 pm, O-66 pm, N-74 pm, Li-
152 pm, C-77 pm

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 372
In Mendeleev's Periodic Table, gaps were left for
the elements to be discovered later. Which of the
following elements found a place in the periodic table
Na, Mg later.
(a) Germanium (b) /Chlorine
(c) /Oxygen (d) /Silicon
4.
/Which of the following
Statement (s) about the Modern Periodic Table are
incorrect.
(i)
/The elements
in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on
the basis of their decreasing atomic number
(ii)
/The elements in
the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the
basis of their increasing atomic masses
(iii)
/Isotopes are placed in adjoining group (s) in
the Periodic Table
(iv)
/The ele-
ments in the Modern Periodic Table are ar-
ranged on the basis of their increasing atomic
number
(a) (i)/(i) only
(b) (i), (ii) (iii)/(i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i), (ii) (iv)/(i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (iv)/(iv) only
5. /
Which of the following statements about the Mod-
Video Solution
ern Periodic Table is correct:
Download (a) 18 /It has
Bigbooster 18 horizontal rows known as Periods
App (b) 7 /It has
7 vertical columns known as Periods
1. /Upto which (c) 18 /It has
element, the Law of octaves was found to be 18 vertical columns known as Groups
applicabel. (d) 7 /It has 7
(a) /Oxygen (b) /Calcium horizontal rows known as Groups
(c) /Cobalt (d) /Potassium 6. A, B, C, D E 2,
2. 3, 7, 10 30 /
/According to Mendeleev's Periodic Law, Which of the given elements A, B, C, D and E with
the elements were arranged in the periodic tabel in atomic number 2, 3, 7, 10 and 30 respectively be-
the order of. long to the same period?
(a) /increasing atomic (a) A, B, C (b) B, C, D
number (c) A, D, E (d) B, D, E
(b) /decreasing atomic 7. A, B, C, D E 9, 11, 17,
number 12 13
(c) /increasing atomic masses /The elements A, B, C, D and E have atomic
(d) /decreasing atomic masses number 9, 11, 17, 12 and 13 respectively. Which
3. pair of elements belong to the same group.
(a) A B /A and B (b) B D / B and D
(c) A C / A and C (d) D E / D and E

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 373
8. 2, 8 (i) /
Isotopes of an element have same atomic
Where would you locate the element with electronic masses
configuration 2,8 in the Modern Periodic Table? (ii) /
Isotopes of an element have same atomic
(a) 8/Group 8 (b) 2/Group 2
number
(c) 18/Group 18 (d) 10/Group 10
(iii) /
9. Isotopes of an element show same physical
properties
An element which is an essential constituent of all (iv)
organic compounds belongs to /Isotopes of an element show same chemical
(a) 1 /group 1 properties
(b) 14 /group 14 (a) (i), (iii) (iv)/(i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) 15 /group 15 (b) (ii), (iii) (iv)/(ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) 16 /group 16 (c) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
10. 2 (d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
17.
Which of the following is the outermost shell for
elements of period 2 ? Arrange the following elements in the order of their
(a) K /K shell (b) L /L shell decreasing metallic character
(c) M /M shell (d) N /N shell Na, Si, Cl, Mg, Al
11. (a) Cl > Si > Al > Mg > Na
(b) Na > Mg > Al > Si > Cl
(c) Na > Al > Mg > Cl > Si
Which one of the following elements exhibit maxi- (d) Al > Na > Si > Ca > Mg
mum number of valence electrons? 18.
(a) Na (b) Al
(c) Si (d) P Arrange the following elements in the order of their
12. O, F N increasing non-metallic character
Li, O, C, Be, F
Which of the following gives the correct increas- (a) F < O < C < Be < Li
ing order of the atomic radii of O, F and N ? (b) Li < Be < C < O < F
(a) O, F, N (b) N, F, O (c) F < O < C < Li < Be
(c) O, N, F (d) F, O, N (d) F < O < Be < C < Li
13. 19.
Which among the following elements has the larg- What type of oxide would Eka– aluminium form?
est atomic radii? (a) EO3 (b) E3O2
(a) Na (b) Mg (c) E2O3 (d) EO
(c) K (d) Ca 20. B, Si Ge
Three elements B, Si and Ge are
14.
(a) /metals (b) /non-metals
Which of the following elements would lose an elec-
(c) /metalloids
tron easily?
(d) /metal, non-metal
(a) Mg (b) Na
and metalloid respectively
(c) K (d) Ca
21.
15. Which of the following elements will form an acidic
oxide?
Which of the following elements does not lose an (a) 7 /An element with atomic
electron easily? number 7
(a) Na (b) F (b) 3 /An element with atomic
(c) Mg (d) Al number 3
16. (c) 12 /An element with atomic
number 12
Which of the following are the characteristics of (d) 19 /An element with atomic
isotopes of an element? number 19

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 374
22. 14 26.

Which of the following set of elements is written

The element with atomic number 14 is hard and
forms acidic oxide and a covalent halide. To which in order of their increasing metallic character?
of the following categories does the element belong? (a) Be, Mg, Ca (b) Na, Li, K
(a) /Metal (b) /Metalloid (c) Mg, Al, Si (d) C, O, N
(c) /Non-metal
(d) /Left-hand side element ANSWERS KEY
23. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
Which one of the following depict the correct rep-
resentation of atomic radius(r) of an atom? 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (b)
16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)
M M
L L 21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b)
K K
26. (a)
N N r

27. 2, 8, 7
(i) (ii)
M
M
[NCERT QUESTION]
L
L
K (a) N-7 (b) F-9
K
(c) P-15 (d) Ar-18
N r N r 28.
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) 70 (b) 31
(c) 65 (d) 60
(iii) (iv)
29.
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv) (a) (b)
(d) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv) (c) (d)
24. 30.

Which one of the following does not increase while

moving down the group of the periodic table? [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) /Atomic radius (a)
(b) /Metallic character (b)
(c) /Valency (c)
(d) /Number of shells in an (d)
element 31. X, XCl2
25.

On moving from left to right in a period in the

periodic table, the size of the atom. [NCERT QUESTION]
(a) /increases (a) Na (b) Mg
(b) /decreases (c) Al (d) Si
(c) /does not change appre-
ciably ANSWERS KEY
(d) /first decreases and then
27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (b)
increases

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 375

(1777-1851)
19
1820

S N

(Compass)

S N
N S

(Field lines emerge from the north Pole)

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 376

(a)

(b)

(Reversed)

(a) (b)
(a)

(b)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 377

(1775-1836)

(According to Fleming's Lefthand

Rule)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 378
(Fleming Right hand
Rule)

MP3

AC)

1/100

(AC) 50 Hz

1831

5A

15A

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 379

(a) / concentric circles

(b) /elliptical in shape
(c)
Video Solution straight lines parallel to each other
(d) O
Download
Bigbooster concentric circles near the point O but of
App elliptical shapes as we go away from it
3.
1. A B

Choose the incorrect statement from the following B

regarding magnetic lines of field A
(a)
A circular loop place in a plane perpendicular to
the planel of paper carries a current when the key
The direction of magnetic field at a point is
is ON. The current as seen from points A and B (in
taken to be the direction in which the north the plane of paper and on the axis of the coil) is anti
pole of a magnetic compass needle points clockwise and clockwise respectively. The magnetic
(b) field lines point from B to A. The N-pole of the
resultant magnet is on the face close to
Magnetic field lines are colosed curves
(c)

If magnetic field lines are parallel and

equidistant, they represent zero field strength.
(d)

Relative strength of magnetic field is shown by

the degree of closeness of the field lines
2.
ABCD
(a) A /A
If the key in the arrangement (Figure) is taken out (b) B /B
(the circuit is made open) and magnetic field lines (c) A B
are drawn over the horizontal plane ABCD, the lines A if the current is small, and B if the current
are is large

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 380
(d) B A

B if the current is small and A if the current is

large
4.
N S

For a current in a long straight solenoid N- and S-

(a)
poles are created at the two ends. Among the
forces both pointing into the plane of paper
following statements, the incorrect statement is (b)
(a) forces both pointing out of the plane of paper
(c)

forces pointing into the plane of paper and out

The field lines inside the solenoid are in the
of the plane of paper, respectively
from of straight lines which indicates that the
(d)
magnetic field is the same at all points inside
the solenoid force pointing opposite and along the direction
(b) of the uniform magnetic field respectively
6.

Commercial electric motors do not use.

The strong magnetic field produced inside the (a)
solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece of an electromagnet to rotate the armature
magnetic material like soft iron, when placed (b)
inside the coil
(c) effectively large number of turns of conducting
wire in the current carrying coil
(c)
The pattern of the magnetic field associated with a permanent magnet to rotate the armature
the solenoid is different form the pattern of the (d)
magnetic field around a bar magnet a soft iron core on which the coil is wound
(d) N 7.

S
The N- and S-poles exchange position when the In the arrangement shown in Figure there are two
direction of current through the solenoid is coils wound on a non-conducting cylindrical rod.
reversed Intitially the key is not inserted. Then the key is
inserted and later removed. Then
5.

A uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper

pointing from left to right as shown in Figure. In (a)
the deflection in the galvanometer remains zero
the field an electron and a proton move as shown.
throughout
The electron and the proton experience

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 381

(b) 9.

there is a momentary deflection in the

galvanometer but it dies out shortly and there A constant current flows in a horizontal wire in
the plane of the paper from east to west as shown
is no effect when the key is removed in Figure. The direction of magnetic field at a point
(c) will be North to South.
N
there are momentary galvanometer deflections
that die out shortly; the deflections are in the W E

same direction
S
(d) W E
(a) / directly above the wire
there are momentary galvanometer deflections (b) / directly below the wire
that die out shortly; the deflections are in (c)
opposite directions at a point located in the plane of the paper, on
8. the north side of the wire
choose the incorrect statement (d)
(a) at a point located in the plane of the paper, on
the south side of the wire
10.
Fleming's right-hand rule is a simple rule to
know the direction of induced current
The strength of magnetic field inside a long current
(b)
carrying straight solenoid is
(a)
The right-hand thumb rule is used to find the
more at the ends than at the centre
direction of magnetic fields due to current
carrying conductors (b)

(c) minimum in the middle

(c)
same at all points
(d)
The difference between the direct and
found to increase from one end to the other
alternating current is that the direct current
always flows in one direction, whereas the 11. AC DC
alternating current reverses its direction To convert an AC generator into DC generator
periodically (a)
1 split-ring type commutator must be used
(d) (b)
50
slip rings and drushes must be used
In India, the AC changes direction after every (c)
a stronger magnetic field has to be used
1
second (d)
50
a rectangular wire loop has to be used

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 382
12. (a)
(b)
The most important safety method used for
protecting home appliances from short circuiting (c)
or overloading is–
(d)
(a) / earthing
(b) / use of fuse
15.
(c) (Stabilizer) /use of stabilizers [NCERT QUESTION]
(d) /use of electric meter (a) (b)
(c) (d)
ANSWERS KEY 16. AC DC
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a)
[NCERT QUESTION]
6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (c)
(a) AC DC
11. (a) 12. (b)
(b) DC
(c) AC
13. (d) AC DC

17.
[NCERT QUESTION]
[NCERT QUESTION]
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
(c) (c)
(d)
(d)
ANSWERS KEY
14.
13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (a)
[NCERT QUESTION]

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 383

(Improvement in technology for

utilising conventional sources of energy)

75

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 384

kWh/m2

1MW 2

15 km/h

25 kJ
2
kW/m

45,000 MW

380
MW

0.5-1.0V
0.7W

(Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion Plant OTEC

OTEC
2 km
20ºC

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 385
(Nuclear Fission)

2 H+2H� 3He (+ n)

(Nuclear Fission)

�m E
E 1905
2
E = � mc ;
7
c 10 K
(eV)
: 1 eV = 1.602 ×10–19J

(u) 931
(MeV)

3%
30%
CNG

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 386
(a) /Water (b) /Sun
(c) /Uranium (d) /Fossil fuels
6.

Which one of the following forms of energy leads to

least environmental pollution in the process of its
harnessing and utilisation ?
(a) /Nuclear energy
(b) /Thermal energy
Video Solution (c) /Solar energy
(d) /Geothermal energy
Download 7.
Bigbooster
App Ocean thermal energy is due to
(a) /energy stored by
1. waves in the ocean
Which of the following is a non-renewable source of (b) /temperature
energy ? difference at different levels in the ocean
(c) /pressure
(a) /Wood
difference at different levels in the ocean
(b) /Sun (d) /tides arising out in the ocean
(c) /Fossil fuels 8.
(d) /Wind The major problem in harnessing nuclear energy
2. is how to
Acid rain happens because (a) /split nuclear
(a) (b) /sustain the reaction
/sun leads to heating of upper layer of (c) /dispose off
atmosphere spent fuel safely ?
(b) (d) /
/burning of fossil convert nuclear energy into electrical energy ?
fuels release oxides of carbon, nitrogen and 9.
sulphur in the atmosphere Which part of the solar cooker is responsible for
(c) /electrical green house effect ?
charges are produced due to friction amongst (a) /Coating with black colour
clouds inside the box
(d) /earth atmosphere (b) /Mirror
contains acids (c) /Glass sheet
3. (d) /Outer cover of the solar
Fuel used in thermal power plants is cooker
(a) /water (b) /uranium 10. /The main constituent of
(c) /biomass (d) /fossil fuels biogas is
4. (a) /methane
In a hydro power plant (b) /carbon dioxide
(a) (c) /hydrogen
/Potential energy possessed by stored water is (d) /hydrogen sulphide
converted into electricity 11.
(b) The power generated in a windmill
/Kinetic energy possessed by stored water (a)
is converted into potential energy /is more in rainy
(c) /Electricity is extracted season since damp air would mean more air
from water mass hitting the blades
(d) (b) /depends on
the height of the tower
/Water is converted into steam to produce
electricity (c) /depends on wind velocity
5. /Which is the ultimate (d) /can
source of energy ? be increased by planting tall trees close to the
tower

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 387
12. /Choose the correct statement (b)
(a) /
/Sun can be taken as an inexhaustible Gobar-gas is produced when crops, vegetable
source of energy wastes etc., decompose in the absence of oxygen
(b) /
(c)
There is infinite storage of fossil fuel inside the
earth /
(c) The main ingredient of bio-gas is ethane and it
/Hydro and wind energy plants are non gives a lot of smoke and also produces a lot of
polluting sources of energy residual ash
(d) (d) /Bio-mass is a
/Waste from a nuclear power renewable source of energy
plant can be easily disposed off
13. ANSWERS KEY
/In 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)
a hydroelectric power plant more electrical power
can be generated if water falls from a greater height 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (a)
because 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (c)
(a) /its temperature
increases
(b)
/larger amount of potential energy is 16. (Ocean Thermal
converted into kinetic energy Energy Conversion Plant)
(c)
/the electricity content of water increases with
[NCERT QUESTION]
height
(d) /more (a) 1 km 40ºC
water molecules dissociate into ions (b) 3 km 20ºC
14. (c) 2 km 20ºC
Choose the incorrect statement regarding wind (d) 4 km 40ºC
power 17.
(a) / [NCERT QUESTION]
It is expected to harness wind power to
(a) (b)
minimum in open space
(b) (c) (d)
/The potential energy content 18.
of wind blowing at high altitudes is the source [NCERT QUESTION]
of wind power (a) (b)
(c) (c) (d)
19.
/Wind hitting at the blades of a [NCERT QUESTION]
windmill causes them to rotate. The rotation (a) (b)
thus achieved can be utilised further
(c) (d)
(d)
/ 20.
One possible method of utilising the energy of
rotational motion of the blades of a windmill is
to run the turbine of an electric generator [NCERT QUESTION]
15. (a) (b)
choose the incorrect statement :
(c) (d) (a) (c)
(a)
/We are
encouraged to plant more trees so as to ensure
ANSWERS KEY
clean environment and also provide bio-mass fuel 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (d)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 388

(Abiotic)

(biomagnification)

(Autotrophs)

(Autotrophs)

1%

10%
10%

(a) (b)
(c)

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 389

(Disposable Cups in Trains)

Impact

Video Solution

Download
Bigbooster
App

O3
1.
Which one of the following is an artificial
ecosystem ?
(a) /Pond (b) /Crop field
(c) /Lake (d) /Forest
2.
In a food chain, the third trophic level is always
occupied by
(a) /carnivores
(b) /herbivores
(c) /decomposers (d) /producers
3.
(CFCs) An ecosystem includes
(a) /all living organisms
(UV) (b) /non-living objects
O2 O+O
O + O2 � O3 (c) /both living organisms and
non-living objects
(d) /sometimes living
organaisms and sometimes non-living objects

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 390
4. (a) /unidirectional
5 kJ (b) /bidirectional
(c) /multi directional
� � � � (d) /no specific direction
In the given food chain, suppose the amount of 11. UV
energy at fourth trophic level is 5 kJ. What will be Excessive exposure of UV rays to humans
the energy available at the producer level ? results in
Grass � Grasshopper � Frog � Snake � Hawk (i) /damage to immune system
(a) 5 kJ (b) 50 kJ
(c) 500 kJ (d) 5000 kJ (ii) /damage to lungs
5. (iii) /skin cancer
(iv) /peptic ulcers
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii)
Accumulation of non-biodegradable pesticides in the (b) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
food chain in increasing amount at each higher (c) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
trophic level is known as (d) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
(a) /eutrophication 12.
(b) /pollution
(c) /biomagnification In the following groups of materials, which group(s)
(d) /accumulation contains only non-biodegradable items ?
6. (i) /Wood, paper, leather
Depletion of ozone is mainly due to (ii) /Polythene, detergent, PVC
(a) /chlorofluorocarbon (iii) /Plastic, detergent, grass
compounds (iv) DDT/Plastic, bakelite, DDT
(b) /carbon monoxide (a) (iii) (b) (iv)
(c) /methane (c) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) (d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and(iv)
(d) /pesticides 13.
7.
Which of the following limits the number of trophic
levels in a food chain ?
(a) /Decrease in
Organisms which synthesise carbohydrates from
energy at higher trophic levels
inorganic compounds using radiant energy are
called (b) /Lack of food
(a) /decomposers (b) /producers supply
(c) /Polluted air
(c) /herbivores (d) /carnivores
(d) /Water
8.
14.
10%
Which of the statement is incorrect ?
In an ecosystem, the 10% of energy available for
transfer from one trophic level to the next is in the (a) /All
form of green plants and blue green algae are producers
(a) /heat energy (b) /
Green plants get their food from organic
(b) /light energy compounds
(c) /chemical energy (c)
(d) /mechanical energy /Producers prepare their own food from
9. inorganic compounds
(d) /Plants
convert solar energy into chemical energy
Organisms of a higher trophic level which feed on 15.
several types of organisms belonging to a lower Which group of organisms are not constituents of
trophic level constitute the a food chain ?
(a) /food web (i) /Grass, lion, rabbit, wolf
(b) /ecological pyramid (ii) /Plankton, man, fish,
(c) /ecosystem grasshopper
(d) /food chain (iii) /Wolf, grass, snake, tiger
10. (iv) /Frog, snake, eagle,
Flow of energy in an ecosystem is always grass, grasshopper

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 391
(a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) 21.
(b) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) Disposable plastic plates should not be used because
(d) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv) (a) /they are made of
16. materials with light weight
(b) /they are made of
The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by all toxic materials
the green plants for the process of photosynthesis (c) /they are made
is about of biodegradable materials
(a) 1% (b) 5% (d) /they are
(c) 8% (d) 10% made of non-biodegradable materials
17.
ANSWERS KEY
In the given Fig. the various trophic levels are 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)
shown in a pyramid. At which trophic level is
maximum energy available 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)
T4 11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (c)
16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (c)
T3
21. (d)
T2
T1
(a) T4 (b) T 2
(c) T 1 (d) T 3 22.
18.
[NCERT QUESTION]
� � (a) 10% (b) 5%
What will happen if deer is missing in the given (c) 15% (d) 1%
food chain?
Grass � Deer � Tiger 23.
(a) /The population of tiger [NCERT QUESTION]
increases (a) (b)
(b) /The population of grass (c) (d)
decreases 24.
(c) /Tiger will start eating grass
[NCERT QUESTION]
(d) /
The population of tiger decreases and the (a)
population of grass increases (b)
19. (c)
The decomposers in an ecosystem (d)
(a) / convert 25.
inorganic material, to simpler forms
[NCERT QUESTION]
(b) /convert
organic material to inorganic forms (a) (b)
(c) /convert (c) (d)
inorganic materials into organic compounds 26.
(d) /do not breakdown [NCERT QUESTION]
organic compounds (a)
20.
(b)
If a grass hopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy
transfer will be from
(a) /producer to decomposer (c)
(b) /producer to
primary consumer (d)
(c) /
primary consumer to secondary consumer ANSWERS KEY
(d) / 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (d)
secondary consumer to primary consumer

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 392

R
(Five Types of R to Save Environment)
(Refuse)–
1985

(Reduce)–

pH (Universal
indicator) (Reuse)–

(Repurpose)–

(Recycle)–

(Ganga Pollution)

2500 km
100

2014

2016

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SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 393

(i)

(ii)
1731

36
(iii)

1970

1972

1272

8600
1000 2015

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 394
4.
The main cause for abundant
coliform bacteria in the river Ganga is
(a) /disposal of
unburnt corpses into water
(b)
/discharge of effluents from electro-
plating industries
(c) /washing of clothes
(d) /immersion of ashes
5.
pH 3.5
– 4.5
pH

The pH of water sample collected from a river was

found to be acidic in the range of 3.5 – 4.5. On the
40 banks of the river were several factories that were
discharging effluents into the river. The effluents
200 of which one of the following factories is the most
likely cause for lowering the pH of river water ?
(a) /Soap and detergent factory
(b) /Lead battery
manufacturing factory
(c) /Plastic
cup manufacturing factory
(d) /Alcohol distillery
6.
pH The most conducive pH
range for life of fresh water plants and animals is
(a) 6.5 – 7.5 (b) 2.0 – 3.5
Video Solution (c) 3.5 – 5.0 (d) 9.0 – 10.5
7. 'R'
Download
Bigbooster
App The three R's that will help us to conserve natural
resources for long term use are
1. (a) (Recycle), (Regenerate),
lal kèku ughagS From the list given below pick the
A@ (Reuse)/recycle, regenerate, reuse
item that is not a natural resource (b) (Reduce), (Regenerate),
(a) /Soil (b) /Water (Reuse)/reduce, regenerate, reuse
(c) /Electricity (d) /Air (c) (Reduce), (Reuse),
2. (Redistribute)/reduce, reuse, redistribute
The most rapidly dwindling natural (d) (Reduce), (Recycle),
resource in the world is (Reuse)/reduce, recycle, reuse
(a) /water (b) /forest 8.
(c) /wind (d) /sunlight
3. Given below are a few statements related to
biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the
/The most appropriate definition concept of biodiversity
of a natural resource is that it is a substance/
commodity that is (i)
(a) /present only on land /Biodiversity
refers to the different species of flora and fauna
(b)
present in an area
/a gift of nature which is very useful to
(ii)
mankind
/Biodiversity refers to only the flora of a
(c)
given area
/a man-made su bstance placed in nature
(iii) /Biodiversity
(d) /available only in the forest
is greater in a forest

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 395
(iv) 13.
/Biodiversity
refers to the total number of individuals of a
particular species living in an area
(a) (i) (ii)/(i) and (ii) (b) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv) In our country, there are attempts to increase the
(c) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii) (d) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) height of several existing dams like Tehri and
9. Almati, dams across Narmada.
/Among the Choose the correct statements among the following
statements given below select the ones that correctly that are a consequence of raising the height of dams
describe the concept of sustainable development (i)
(i) /Terrestrial flora and fauna of the area is
/Planned growth with minimum damage to destroyed completely
the environment (ii)
(ii) /Dislocation of people and domestic animals
/Growth irrespective of the extent of damage living in the area
caused to the environment (iii) /
(iii) Valuable agricultural land may be permanently
/Stopping all developmental work to lost
conserve the environment (iv) /It will generate
(iv) /Growth that permanent employment for people
is acceptable to all the stakeholders (a) (i) (iii)/(i) and (iii)
(a) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv) (b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (ii) (iii)/(i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv) (d) (iii)/(iii) only (c) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
10. (d) (i), (iii) (iv)/(i), (iii) and (iv)
14. GAP
/In our country, vast tracts of forests Expand the abbreviation GAP
are cleared and a single species of plant is (a) /Governmental Agency
cultivated. This practice promotes for Pollution Control
(a) /biodiversity in the area (b) /Gross
(b) /monoculture in the area Assimilation by Photosynthesis)
(c) /growth of natural forest (c) /Ganga Action Plan
(d) /preserves the (d) /Governmental Agency
natural ecosystem in the area for Animal Protection
11. 15.
A successful forest conservation strategy should Select the incorrect statement
involve (a) /Economic
(a) /protection of development is linked to environmental
animals at the highest trophic level conservation
(b) /protection of only consumers (b)
(c) /protection of only /
herbivores Sustainable development encourages
(d) development for current generation and
/comprehensive programmed to protect conservation of resources for future generations
all the physical and biological components (c)
12. /Sustainable development does
The important message conveyed by the 'Chipko not consider the view points of stakeholders
Movement' is (d)
(a) /to involve /Sustainable development is a long planned
the community in forest conservation efforts and persistent development
(b) /to ignore 16. /Which
the community in forest conservation efforts of the following is not a natural resource ?
(c) /to (a) /Mango tree (b) /Snake
cut down forest trees for developmental activities (c) /Wind (d) /Wooden house
(d) 17.
/ Select the wrong statement
government agencies have the unquestionable (a) /Forest provide
right to order destruction of trees in forests variety of products

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 SCIENCE NCERT (CLASS-X) S.K. Jha 396
(b) / (i) /hold water for
Forests have greater plant diversity irrigation
(c) /Forests do not conserve (ii) /hold
soil water and prevent soil erosion
(d) /Forest conserve water (iii) /recharge ground water
18. (iv) /hold water
Arabari forests of Bengal is dominated by permanently
(a) /Teak (b) /Sal (a) (i) (iv)/(i) and (iv)
(c) /Bamboo (d) /Mangroove (b) (ii) (iii)/(ii) and (iii)
19. (c) (iii) (iv)/(iii) and (iv)
Ground water will not be depleted due to (d) (ii) (iv)/(ii) and (iv)
(a) /afforestation
(b) /thermal power plants ANSWERS KEY
(c) /loss of forest, and 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
decreased rainfall 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)
(d)
/cultivating crops that requires 11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (c)
a lot of water 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d)
20.
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (b)
Opposition to the construction of large dams is
due to
(a) /social reasons
(b) /economic reasons 25. 5R
(c) /environmental reasons
[NCERT QUESTION]
(d) /all of the above
(a)
21.
(b)
Khadins, Bundhis, Ahars and Kattas are ancient (c)
structures that are examples for (d)
(a) /grain storage 26.
(b) /wood storage [NCERT QUESTION]
(c) /water harvesting (a) 1982 (b) 1988
(d) /soil conservation (c) 2000 (d) 1985
22. 27.
[NCERT QUESTION]
Pick the right combination of terms which has no
(a)
fossil fuel.
(a) /Wind, ocean and coal (b)
(b) /Kerosene, wind and tide (c)
(c) /Wind, wood, sun (d)
(d) /Petroleum, wood, sun 28.
23. [NCERT QUESTION]
Select the eco-friendly activity among the following : (A)
(a) /Using car (B)
for transporation (C)
(b) /
(a) A B (b) B C
Using polybags for shopping
(c) /Using dyes for (c) A C (d) A, B C
coloring clothes 29. 2015
(d) [NCERT QUESTION]
/Using windmills to generate power (a) (b)
for irrigation (c) (d)
24.
ANSWERS KEY
It is important to make small check dams across
the flooded gullies because they 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (c)

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