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Ada Lovelace is recognized as the world's first programmer for using punched cards to create instructions for the Analytical Engine. The ENIAC, completed in 1945, was one of the earliest digital computers, utilizing vacuum tubes instead of silicon. The document also discusses methods for converting numbers between systems and explains the two's complement representation of binary numbers.

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Noorulain Memon
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4 views1 page

Notes

Ada Lovelace is recognized as the world's first programmer for using punched cards to create instructions for the Analytical Engine. The ENIAC, completed in 1945, was one of the earliest digital computers, utilizing vacuum tubes instead of silicon. The document also discusses methods for converting numbers between systems and explains the two's complement representation of binary numbers.

Uploaded by

Noorulain Memon
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

 World’s first programmer is lovelace-> Lovelace used punched

cards to create sequencing instructions that could be read by the


Analytical Engine to automatically perform any calculation
included in the programming code

 The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was


completed in 1945, making it one of the earliest digital
computers. The ENIAC operated on different physical principles.
Instead of silicon, the ENIAC used the technology of a vacuum
tube, a physical device like a light bulb that was used as memory
in early digital computers
 Conversion of a number from decimal system to other systems The number
of any system, may be converted to decimal system by the following two
methods. 1. Remainder method 2. Power method These methods will be
discussed in the classified examples. TWO’S COMPLEMENT
REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS The 2’s complement of a binary number x,
which has n bits, is given by (2n - x). Consider the number + 3 whose binary
representation is 011. It has three bits. Hence the 2’s complement of + 3 is
(23 - 3), which is 5. The binary representation of 5 is 101. Thus, 101 is the
2’s complement of 011.

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