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Gcse Math Notes Geometry

The document provides an overview of area and perimeter in geometry, defining area as the two-dimensional space a shape occupies and perimeter as the total distance around a shape. It includes formulas for calculating the perimeter and area of various shapes such as squares, rectangles, triangles, circles, parallelograms, and trapeziums. Additionally, it explains how to find the area and perimeter of composite shapes by breaking them down into simpler components.

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16 views4 pages

Gcse Math Notes Geometry

The document provides an overview of area and perimeter in geometry, defining area as the two-dimensional space a shape occupies and perimeter as the total distance around a shape. It includes formulas for calculating the perimeter and area of various shapes such as squares, rectangles, triangles, circles, parallelograms, and trapeziums. Additionally, it explains how to find the area and perimeter of composite shapes by breaking them down into simpler components.

Uploaded by

alyousuf.ahmadf
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GCSE Math Notes: Geometry - Area and

Perimeter

Introduction to Area and Perimeter

Area is the measure of the two-dimensional space a shape occupies, typically


measured in square units (e.g., cm², m²). Perimeter is the total distance around the
outside of a two-dimensional shape, measured in linear units (e.g., cm, m).

These concepts are fundamental in geometry and have practical applications in


various fields, from construction to design.

Perimeter Formulas

Perimeter is calculated by adding the lengths of all sides of a shape.

1. Square

A square has four equal sides.

Formula: P = 4s (where s is the length of one side)

Example: A square with side length 5 cm. P = 4 * 5 = 20 cm

2. Rectangle

A rectangle has two pairs of equal sides (length and width).

Formula: P = 2(l + w) (where l is length and w is width)

Example: A rectangle with length 8 cm and width 3 cm. P = 2 * (8 + 3) = 2 * 11 =


22 cm
3. Triangle

A triangle has three sides.

Formula: P = a + b + c (where a , b , c are the lengths of the sides)

Example: A triangle with sides 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm. P = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 cm

4. Circle (Circumference)

The perimeter of a circle is called its circumference.

Formula: C = πd or C = 2πr (where d is diameter and r is radius)

Example: A circle with radius 7 cm. C = 2 * π * 7 = 14π cm (approximately 43.98


cm)

Area Formulas

Area calculations vary depending on the shape.

1. Square

Formula: A = s²

Example: A square with side length 5 cm. A = 5² = 25 cm²

2. Rectangle

Formula: A = l * w

Example: A rectangle with length 8 cm and width 3 cm. A = 8 * 3 = 24 cm²

3. Triangle

Formula: A = (1/2)bh (where b is base and h is perpendicular height)

Example: A triangle with base 6 cm and height 4 cm. A = (1/2) * 6 * 4 = 12 cm²


4. Circle

Formula: A = πr²

Example: A circle with radius 7 cm. A = π * 7² = 49π cm² (approximately 153.94


cm²)

5. Parallelogram

Formula: A = bh (where b is base and h is perpendicular height)

Example: A parallelogram with base 10 cm and height 5 cm. A = 10 * 5 = 50 cm²

6. Trapezium

Formula: A = (1/2)(a + b)h (where a and b are parallel sides and h is


perpendicular height)

Example: A trapezium with parallel sides 6 cm and 10 cm, and height 4 cm. A = (1/2)
* (6 + 10) * 4 = (1/2) * 16 * 4 = 32 cm²

Composite Shapes

Composite shapes are made up of two or more basic geometric shapes. To find their
area or perimeter, you break them down into simpler components.

Example: Find the area of a shape made of a rectangle (length 6, width 4) and a
semicircle (radius 2) attached to one of the 4cm sides.

1. Area of Rectangle: 6 * 4 = 24 cm²

2. Area of Semicircle: (1/2) * π * 2² = 2π cm²

3. Total Area: 24 + 2π cm²

References

[1] BBC Bitesize. (n.d.). Area and perimeter. Retrieved from


[Link] [2] Maths is Fun. (n.d.). Area
of Plane Shapes. Retrieved from [Link]

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