1. When was first map was made by India by Survey of India?
2. What is a map?
3. How is scale expressed on a map?
4. Differentiate between globe and map.
5. What is the importance of maps for geographers? OR
Why are maps considered an important tool for geography?
Answer:
Geographers need maps for following purposes:
To get information about resources, their development and planning for their
utilization;
To study changes that are taking place on the earth;
To understand various physical factors;
To understand the inter-relationship between physical and human resources;
To make a comparative analysis and
To present facts in a way that has a memorizing effect.
6. What are the basic limitations of maps?
Answer:
Map is two dimensional. It is impossible to present the accurate shape of the earth
with the help of map. Moreover, it can’t be accurate in terms of area, volume and
distance. Above all, we cannot show the entire earth on a map without disturbing its
shape.
7. What are different types of small-scale maps?
8. List out two major types of large-scale maps?
9. How is area of map measured using a planimeter?
10. Explain the essentials of map making.
Chapter-2 Map Scale
1. What are the two different systems of measurement?
2. Give one example each of statement of scale in Metric and English system.
Answer:
Metric System of Measurement
1 km = 1000 Metres
1 Metre = 100 Centimetres
1 Centimetre = 10 Millimetres
English System of Measurement
1 Mile = 8 Furlongs
1 Furlong = 220 Yards
1 Yard = 3 feet
1 Foot = 12 Inches.
3. Convert the given Statement of Scale into Representative Fraction (R. F.).
a. 5 cm represents 10 km
a. 2 inches represents 4 miles
b. 1 inch represents 1 yard
c. 1 cm represents 100 metres
4. Convert the given Representative Fraction (R. F.) into Statement of Scale in the
System of Measurement shown in parentheses:
a) 1 : 100,000 (into km)
b) 1 : 31680 (into furlongs)
c) 1 : 126,720 (into miles)
d) 1 : 50,000 (into metres)
5. What are advantages of representative fraction?
6. Explain about the importance of scale.
Chapter- 3 Latitude, Longitude and Time
1. Which are the two natural points of references on the earth?
2. What are coordinates?
3. What is meant by local time?
4. Distinguish between latitudes and longitudes.
5. What is IST?
6. When it is 12:00 noon in Greenwich then what will be the time at Thimbu, capital of
Bhutan which is located at 90° east?
7. When it is 12:00 noon in Greenwich then what will be the time at New Orleans which
is located at 90° west?
Chapter- 4 Map Projections
1. Describe the elements of map projection.
Answer:
a) Reduced Earth: A model of the earth is represented by the help of a reduced
scale on a flat sheet of paper. This model is called the “reduced earth”.
b) Parallels of Latitude: These are the circles running round the globe parallel
to the equator and maintaining uniform distance from the poles.
c) Meridians of Longitude: These are semi-circles drawn in north-south direction
from one pole to the other, and the two opposite meridians make a complete
circle, i.e. circumference of the globe.
d) Global Property: In preparing a map projection the following basic properties
of the global surface are to be preserved by using one or the other methods:
a. Distance between any given points of a region;
b. Shape of the region;
c. Size or area of the region in accuracy;
d. Direction of any one point of the region bearing to another point.
2. Differentiate between:
Developable and non-developable surfaces
Basis Developable Surface Non-developable Surface
A non-developable surface
A developable surface is one,
is one, which cannot be
which can be flattened, and on
Meaning flattened without
which, a network of latitude and
shrinking, breaking or
longitude can be projected.
creasing.
A globe or spherical
A cylinder, a cone and a plane
surface has the property
Example have the property of
of non-developable
developable surface.
surface
3. Construct graticule for an area stretching between 30° N to 70° N and 40° E to
30° W on a simple conical projection with one standard parallel with a scale of
1 : 200,000,000 and interval at an 10° apart.
4. Prepare graticule for a Cylindrical Equal Area Projection for the world when
R.F. is 1: 150,000,000 and the interval is 15° apart.
5. Prepare graticule for a Cylindrical Equal Area Projection for the world when
R.F. is 1: 300,000,000 and the interval is 15° apart.
Chapter- 5 Topographical Maps
1. What are topographical maps?
Answer:
It is a map of a small area drawn on a large scale depicting detailed surface features
both natural and man-made. Relief in this map is shown by contours.
2. Name the organisation which prepares the topographical maps of India.
Answer:
Topographical maps under India and Adjacent Countries Series were prepared by the
Survey of India
3. Which are the commonly used scales for mapping our country used by the
Survey of India?
Answer:
The topographical maps of India are prepared on 1 : 10,00,000, 1 : 250,000,
1:1,25,000,1:50,000 and 1:25,000 scale providing a latitudinal and longitudinal
coverage of 4° x 4°, 1° x 1°, 30′ x 30′, 15′ x 15′ and 5′ x 7′ 30″, respectively.
4. What are contours?
Answer:
Contours are imaginary lines joining places having the same elevation above mean
sea level.
5. What does the spacing of contours indicate?
Answer:
Spacing in the contours represent slope.
a) Closely spaced contours represent steep slopes.
b) Widely spaced contours represent gentle slope.
6. What are conventional signs?
Answer:
There are some internally determined standard symbols, signs and colours which are
used to depict settlements, buildings, roads and railways are important cultural
features shown on topographical sheets.
7. Draw the conventional signs and symbols for the following features—
a) International Boundary
b) BenchMark
c) Villages
d) Metalled Road
e) Footpath with bridges
f) Places of Worship
g) Railway line.
Chapter 6 Introduction to Remote Sensing
1. Why is remote sensing a better technique than other traditional methods?
Answer:
Remote sensing is a better technique than traditional methods because:
a) It presents the concise picture of a large area.
b) It provides real or nearly real pictures on time base line.
c) It is less expensive as compared to land survey and we can easily collect
information by using it.
d) It converts energy received into photographic/digital form of data.
e) It is not affected by bad weather and inaccessible land.
2. What is remote sensing?
3. Differentiate between:
4. Sun-synchronous (or polar) and geostationary orbits. And
5. Whiskbroom Scanners and Pushbroom Scanners.