1.

Hemorrhages “per diabosin” are observed in:

a/ stomach ulcer

b/ hemorrhagic cystitits
c/ varices of the еsophagus d/ venous stasis

2. In chronic right-sided heart failure is observed

a/ nutmeg liver

b/ frosted spleen
c/ brown “induracio” (?) of the lung —> chronic left sided heart failure d/ lung edema

3. Point out which vessels are characteristic for diapedesis hemorrhages: a/ elastic-type
arteries
b/ veins
c/ capillaries

d/ muscle-type arteries

4. Point out which type of bleeding is observed in the digestive system:

a/ hemothorax
b/ metrorrhagia (bleeding from the uterus no associated with menstruation) c/ melena
d/ hematuria

5. Gas embolism may occur after: a/ injury in the neck area

b/ sudden separation of the placenta c/ fast decompression

d/ blood transfusion

6. Microscopically, thrombi are characterized by the fact that they are: a/ smooth and
shiny
b/ solid and crumbly
c/ free-lying in the vessel cavity

d/ soft and elastic 7. ?

8. Which of the following changes in the organs is NOT associated with amyloidosis: a/
ham spleen
b/ enlarged white kidney
c/ frosted spleen

d/ sago spleen

9. Lipomatosis may be observed in:

a/ liver
b/ myocardium —> Lipomatosis cordis, also found in pancreas c/ brain
d/ spleen
10. .....(maybe deposition) of hyaline is observed in: a/ area of encephalomalation
b/ hemorrhagic infarct of the lung
c/ blood vessels after plasmorrhagia

d/ bacterial pneumonia
11. In which of the following pathologic processes is observed ... of lipofuscin?

Combination 1

a/ chronic hepatitis
b/ nutmeg liver
c/ liver atrophy
d/ portal liver cirrhosis

12. In Gauche diseases is observed accumulation of:

a/ glycocerebrocytes
b/ GM2-gangliocytes
c/ spingomyelin—> glucocerebrosides are sphingolipids d/ mucopolysaccharides

13. The formation of pyogenic “amembranе” (lack of membrane?) is mentioned in: a/

gangrene
b/ absess—> always contains pyogenic membrane
c/ keloid (cicatrix)

d/ phlegmon

14. Which of the following does NOT participate in the formation of foreign body
granuloma? a/ neutrophilic leukocytes—> actue inflammation
b/ fibroblasts
c/ macrophages

d/ giant cells of Langhans

15. Exudative inflammation includes all of the following forms EXCEPT: a/ polypoid
b/ hemorrhagic—> no RBCs in exudate, but leukocytes and fibrin
c/ pyogenic

d/ fibrotic

16. Which of the following pathologic processes would you classify as pyogenic
inflammation:
a/ noma—> bacterial infection of the mucosa which transfers into the bone tissue =>
GANGRENE b/ empyema
c/ mycocoel
d/ sequestered

17. Deep fibrotic inflammation is characteristic of:

a/ mucous membranes covered in ciliary epithelium—> superficial, membranous
fibrinous inflammation b/ mucous membranes covered in multilayered flat epithelium
c/ ?
d/ ?

18. In the area of acute inflammation, you most commonly find:

a/ neutrophilic leukocytes

b/ plasma cells
c/ lymphocytes
d/ giant foreign-body type cells

19. Microscopically, basal cell carcinoma most commonly appears in the form of: a/ ulcus
durum—> infectious disease in syphilis
b/ ulcus rodens
c/ cauliflower

d/ polyp—> chronic inflammation, tumor,...

20. Malignant tumors are characterized by the fact that they:

a/ grow slowly
b/ are well-isolated from the surrounding tissue and are frequently capsulated c/ infiltrate
and destruct
d/ do NOT metastize

21/ Which of the following tumors is epithelial-derived a/ lymphangioma

b/ papilloma
c/ ependioma—> arises from ependyma of brain tissue d/ lipoma

22. Microscopically, papilloma are: a/ with smooth surfaces

b/ branched—> tree-like structure c/ mushroom-type

d/ pendant-type—> if it adapt to the shape of the organ

23. Dermoid cyst is:

a/ mature teratoma, which is commonly observed in the ovaries—>BENIGN

b/ tumor of the pigmented tissue

c/ malignant tumor
d/ benign tumor of the cells of the soft brain coverings

24. Glioblastoma is localised most frequently in:

a/ white matter

b/ brain cortex c/ pons

d/ spinal cord
25. Atrophy is a physiologic process in:

a/ skeletal muscle during immobilization

b/ thymus (later in life)

c/ the adrenal cortex during long-term corticosteroid therapy d/ kidneys in calculosis

26. Metaplasia is a process observed most commonly after:

a/ chronic inflammation

b/ atrophy
c/ anemia
d/ acute inflammation

27. Which of the following lesions is NOT a form of necrosis: a/ sequestered

b/ noma—> GANGRENE
c/ decubitus

d/ keloid

28. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle caused by arterial hypertension is due to: a/
pathologic hyperplasia
b/ compensatory hypertrophy
c/ vicar hypertrophy

d/ false/pseudo hypertrophy (?? Whatever that’s supposed to mean)

29. Benign enlargement of the prostate gland in men over 50 years of age is due to:

a/ correlative hypertrophy—> naturally occurring

b/ metaplasia
c/ atrophy
d/ physiologic hypertrophy

30. Which of the following lesions is a clinical/anatomical form of necrosis: a/ infarct

b/ tuberculum
c/ phlegmon

d/ absess

Combination 62
1. Deep fibrinous inflammation is observed in:—> also called Diphterial
or Pseudomembranous Inflammation
a. Diphtherous
b. abscess
c. Catarrh
d. phlegmone
2. Osteoclasts are:
a/ macrophages, with origin from micrology of nerve tissue b/ the cells of
bone tissue
c/ reticular cells (macrophages in lymph nodes)
d/ hystocytes (macrophages of connective tissue)
3. Which classification is NOT appropriate for fibrotic inflammation: a/
superficial
b/ proliferative
c/ serous-fibrinous
d/ deep
4. Mastocytes (mast cells) have granules that are rich in:
a/ histamine
b/ serotonin
c/ heparin
d/ IL-6—> hepatocyte stimulating factor in inflammatory reactions +
5. Which of the following processes is NOT a characteristic of
inflammation: a/reaction of the organism against foreign and self
damaging antigens
b/ local vascular mesenchymal reaction
c/ reaction of uncontrollable cell proliferaton
d/ defensive-adaptive reaction of the organism
6. Superficial fibrinous inflammation is observed in: a/ Uremic (raised
level of blood urea) pericarditis
b/ diphtheric pharyngitis and tonsillitis
c/ dysenteric colitis
d/ intoxication with sublimate in the large intestine
7. Cytokines are secreted by: a/ leukocytes
b/ macrophages
c/ activated T-lymphocytes d/ mast cells
8. Which are the cell-mediators of inflammation a/ complement system
b/ bradykinin
c/ prostaglandin
d/ coagulation system
9. The pathogenic agent of actinomycosis is: —> painful abcess in the
mouth and lungs
a/ virus
b/ mushroom (actinomicoda) c/ mycobacteria
d/ parasite
10. The conversion of highly differentiated tissue into less differentiated
indicates: a. protoplasia
b. anaplasia
c. histologic accommodation
d. substitution
11. Shrinkage (recession) of a wound is a result of: a/ deposition of
proteoglycans
b/ cross attachment with fibronectin
c/ shortening of the vascular smooth muscle
d/ action of myofibroblasts
12. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle caused by arterial hypertension is due
to: a/ pathologic hyperplasia
b/ compensatory hypertrophy
c/ vicar hypertrophy
d/ false/pseudo hypertrophy
13. Regeneration of the peripheral nerves is accomplished by:
a/ gradual division of Schwann cells
b/ proliferation of neighboring nerve cells c/ growth of proximal axonal
segment
d/ the do not regenerate
14. In which of the following diseases does secondary amyloidosis
develop
a/ diabetes mellitus
b/ diabetes insipidus
c/ chronic pylonephritis
d/ chronic glomerulonephritis
15. In which of the following tumors are the accumulations of cholesterol
esters: a/ rhabdomyoma
b/ xanthoma
c/ myxoma
d/ fibroadenoma
16. Apoptosis represents:
a/ physiologic process
b/ regenerative process
c/ hyperplastic process
d/ programmed process of active self-destruction of cells
17. Obturative (=obstructive) jaundice is developed in:
a/ acute viral hepatitis
b/ carcinoma of the head of the pancreas
c/ mushroom poisoning d/ malaria
18. Bilirubin is a pigment which forms from the degradation of: a/ keratin
b/ melanin
c/ lipofuscin
d/ hemoglobin
19. Phlebolith represents
a. thrombus with organization and revasculization b. thrombus with
pyogenic softening
c. venus thrombus with calcium deposits in it
d. thromboembolus
20. Which of the following is characteristic of disseminated intravascular
coagulation:
a. micro thrombus in capillaries and venules
b. development of micro infarcts
c. thrombous in the pulmonary artery d. megacaryocytes in the lungs
21. Bleeding “per rhexin” occurs in:
a. rupture of an acute aneurism
b. gangrenous inflammation
c. duodenal ulcer
d. avitaminosis A —> normal vision disturbed, mucus secreting cells
disturbance, Xeroophthalmia (dry eyes)
22. Gas embolism may occur after: a/ injury in the neck area
b/ intravenous application of lipid c/ fast decompression

d/ femoral fracture

23. Hemorrhagic diapedsis is found in: a/ thrombophlebitis

b/ thrombocytopenia
c/ dypoalbunemia

d/ leukocytosis

24. What is Cryptorchidism? a/ inflammation of the testes b/ tumor process

c/ undescended testicle

d/ process of regeneration

25. Which of the following is a malignant tumor:

a/ seminoma—> germ cell tutor of the testicle or as well mediastinum or other extra-
gonadal locations

b/ follicular adenoma c/ trichoepithelioma d/ chondroma

26. Which of the following findings is most important in the staging of a tumor:

a/ presence of metastasis

b/ presence of necrosis
c/ nuclear polymorphism
d/ number of mitotic divisions

27. Benign tumors composed of smooth muscle fibers is called a/ rhabdomyoma

b/ angioma
c/ leiomyoma

d/ plurimorphic adenoma
28. Malignant tumors are characterized by the fact that they: a/ grow slowly
b/ have their own capsule
c/ have a infiltrative and destructive pattern of growth

d/ absence of metastasis

29. With which type of immune reaction is connected bronchial asthma

a/ type I atopic IgE mediated

b/ type II cytotoxic
c/ type III induced by immuno complex d/ type IV delayed reaction

30. Which of the following lesions is the clinical-anatomical form of necrosis a/ infarction
b/ tubercule
c/ phlegmon

d/ abscess

Combination 2
1. Fat embolism may be proven using which of the following special
staining:
• paraffin cut, stained with H&E

• paraffin cut stained with oil red or sudan 3

• cryostatic cut, stained with oiled red or sudan 3 —> frozen section

• cryostatic cut stained with congo red

2. Point out which vessels are characteristic for diapedesis
hemorrhages: a/ elastic-type arteries
b/ veins
c/ capillaries
d/ muscle-type arteries
3. Point out which type of bleeding is observed in the digestive
system:
a/ hemothorax
b/ metrorrhagia (bleeding from the uterus no associated with
menstruation)
c/ melena
d/ hematuria
4. Gas embolism may occur after: a/ injury in the neck area
b/ sudden separation of the placenta c/ fast decompression
d/ blood transfusion
5. . Microscopically, thrombi are characterized by the fact that they are: a/
smooth and shiny
b/ solid and crumbly
c/ free-lying in the vessel cavity
d/ soft and elastic
6. Anaemic infarcts are NOT observed in:
a. brain
b. liver
c. kidneys
d. lungs
7. The specific granuloma in tuberculosis is called: a. tubercle
b. guma—> syphilis
c. deprom
d. oleogranuloma
8. In the area of acute inflammation, you most commonly find:
a/ neutrophilic leukocytes
b/ plasma cells
c/ lymphocytes
d/ giant foreign-body type cells
9. Inflammation in crupous pneumonia is:
a. characteristically serous
b. characteristically fibrinous—> superficial fibrinous inflammation
c. defused pyogenic
d. catarrhal haemorrhagic
10. Deep fibrinous inflammation is observed in:
a. core vilosum
b. crupous pneumonia c. defteric angina
d. lepra
11. The formation of pyogenic “amembranе” (lack of membrane?) is
mentioned in: a/ gangrene
b/ absess
c/ keloid (cicatrix)
d/ phlegmon
12. giant langhans cells are observed in :
a. viral diseases
b. allergic diseases
c. tuberculosis
d. reactive inflammation type foreign body
13. which of the following changes in the organs is associated with
amyloidosis: a. goose liver
b. core villosum
c. frosted spleen
d. sago spleen—> also lardaceous spleen
14. Dystrophic deposition of calcium can be proven:
a. in the area of necrosis
b. in the stomach during chronic gastritis c. in the lungs during
haemorrhagic infarct d. in malignant myeloma
15. frosted spleen is connected with: a. deposits of amyloid
b. deposits of hyaline
c. deposits of fibrin
d. accumulation of iron
16. which special stain is used to prove the presents of amyloid:
a. congo red
b. ..... sulphate c. berlin blue d. ..... acid
17. most commonly macroscopic changes in core tigris are found: a. in the
endocardium
b. in thecardiac valves
c. in the papillary muscles
d. in the pericardium —> fatty degeneration
18. Lipomatosis may be observed in: a. liver
b. prostate
c. pancreas
d. spleen
19. which of the following tumours does NOT develop in the digestive
system: a. villous adenoma—> polyp growing in the colon and other
places in the GIT b. transcellular carcinoma—> transitional epithelium—>
urinary bladder
c. gelatinous carcinoma/ mucinous carcinoma—> adenocarcinoma
d. adenocarcinoma
20. lymphangioma most frequently localizes: a. in the liver
b. on the extremities, frequently under the nails c. the lips and tongue
d. leptomeningi
21. which of the following tumours is NOT of mesenchymal origin:
a. leiomyoma—> Smooth Muscle
b. fibroma—> CT
c. liposarcoma—> Fat tissue
d. adenoma—> epithelial cell derived
22. ??? c 23. ??? d
24. the transformation of cilliated columnar epithelium into multilayer
squamous epithelium represents:
a. a type of necrosis
b. acute inflammation
c. metaplasia
d. process of regeneration
25. what type of hypertrophy is observed in the urinary bladder in urethral
stenosis: a. regenerative
b. correlative
c. work
d. replacement
26. Benign enlargement of the prostate gland in men over 50 years of age
is due to:
a/ correlative hypertrophy
b/ metaplasia
c/ atrophy
d/ physiologic hypertrophy
27. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle caused by arterial hypertension is due
to: a/ pathologic hyperplasia
b/ compensatory hypertrophy
c/ vicar hypertrophy
d/ false/pseudo hypertrophy
28. a decrease in the size of parenchymal cells is an indication of:
a. hyperplasia
b. simple atrophy
c. protoplasia
d. numeric atrophy
29. noma represents:
a. benign tumour
b. caseous necrosis
c. moist gangrene of the cheeks d. mycotic inflammation
30. Which of the following lesions is a clinical/anatomical form of
necrosis: a/ infarct
b/ tuberculum
c/ phlegmon
d/ abscess
Combination 60
1. In the area of acute inflammation, you most commonly find:
a/ neutrophilic leukocytes
b/ plasma cells
c/ lymphocytes
d/ giant foreign-body type cells
2. the least frequently found cells in the area of chronic inflammation are:
a. epitheloid cells
b. macrophages
c. mast cells
d. eosinophilic granulocytes
3. Kupfer cells are:
a. liver macrophages
b. macrophages of the spleen c. synovial histocytes
d. alveolar macrophages
4. the alternative state of rheumatoid granuloma is characterized by the
following characteristics: a. infiltration with plasma cells
b. mucoid swelling
c. Aschoff cells—> rheumatic heart disease—> in rheumatic fever
d. protein cell degeneration
5. for the granulomatous inflammation in actinomicosis is NOT suitable
one of the following definitions:
a. necrosis with abscess formation in the granuloma
b. abundance of pseudo-xanthoma cells
c. formation of fistula
d. development of reticular fibers
6. which of the following characteristics is common for macrophages and
neutrophilic leukocytes: a. the ability for activation
b. the ability of differentiation
c. production of non lysosomal enzymes
d. delayed and continuous stimulation
7. which of the following types of inflammation is associated with
production: a. catarrhal
b. fibrotic
c. pyogenic
d. infection by parasites
8. in granulomas, for which of the diseases are there many plasma cells
and proliferation of the endothelium in blood vessels:
a. tuberculosis
b. sarcoidosis
c. lepra
d. syphilis
9. in the healing wound, the first extracellular matrix component which
forms is: a. proteoglycans
b. elastin
c. type II collagen—> collagen III is converted to Collagen I
d. type III collagen
10. the most important factor which determines if a wound will heal
primarily or secondarily is: a. the type o tissue
b. the depth of the wound
c. the juxtaposition of the edges
d. blood supply
11. strictures of the oesophagus after swallowing a base are caused by: a.
epithelial hyperplasia
b. contracture
[Link]
d. neutrophilic production of granulomatous tissue
12. ?
a. bone tissue
b. ... cartilage
c. connective tissue d. fibrin
13. which of the following is characteristic of disseminated intravascular
coagulation:
a. micro thrombus in capillaries and venules b. development of micro
infarcts
c. thrombous in the pulmonary artery
d. megacaryocytes in the lungs
14. Fat embolism may be proven using which of the following special
staining:
• paraffin cut, stained with H&E

• paraffin cut stained with oil red or sudan 3

• cryostatic cut, stained with oiled red or sudan 3

• cryostatic cut stained with congo red

15. In chronic right-sided heart failure is observed: a. pulmonary edema

b. of the spleen
c. induratio fuska pulmonum
d. sth of the kidneys
16. stasis is a process which develops in: a. arteries
b. veins
c. capillaries
d. aorta
17. diapedesis haemorrhage is observed in: a. varices of the oesophagus
b. dissection of the aorta
c. haemorrhoids
d. asphyxia
18. which is the characteristic localization of the hyaline-... degeneration:
a. neurons
b. cardiomyocytes
c. macrophages
d. epithelial cells of the kidney tubules
19. ... abnormal deposits of metabolic products in cells: a. undergo reverse
development – growth
b. do NOT undergo reverse development – growth
c. are NOT inherited
d. the genetic defect may be corrected
20. in which of the following organs can be found intracellular deposit of
iron in Von- Recklinghausen disease:
a. pancreas
b. lung
c. joint
d. testicles
21. Phlebolith represents—> calcifications of the veins a. thrombus with
organization and revasculization
b. thrombus with pyogenic softening
c. venus thrombus with calcium deposits in it
d. thromboembolus
22. accumulation of abnormal amounts of haemosiderin in the tissues and
organs is NOT observed in:
a. disturbance of metabolism of copper ??
b. disturbance of metabolism of iron
c. haemolytic processes d. haematoma
Combination 63
1. What is characteristic of the chronic abscess a/ lymphoid infiltration
b/ pyogenic membrane
c/ only necrotic tissue
d/ hemorrhage
2. The least frequently encountered cells in the area of chronic
inflammation are: a/ epitheloid cells
b/ macrophages
c/ mast cells
d/ eosinophilic granulocytes
3. Superficial fibrinous inflammation is observed in all of the following
situation, EXCEPT:
a/ acute peritonitis
b/ crupous pneumonia
c/ the initial stages of bacilic dysentery d/ diphtheria of the larynx
4. Which characteristic is NOT characteristic of tuberculous granuloma: a/
caseous necrosis
b/ epitheloid cells
c/ lymphocytes
d/ vascular presence
5. “cor villosum” is a type of: a/ pyogenic inflammation
b/ hemorrhagic inflammation c/ productive inflammation d/ fibrinous
inflammation
6. The presence of eosinophilic leukocytes in inflammatory infiltrate is
found in: a/ specific productive inflammation
b/ tumor processes
c/ allergic diseases
d/ diffuse interstitial productive inflammation
7. Hemorrhagic exudate is characteristic for the following disease: a/
stomach...(?)
b/ anthrax
c/ dysentery
d/ sarcoidosis
8. Which of the following cell types is characteristic for chronic
inflammation: a/ neutrophilic leukocytes
b/ lymphocytes and plasma cells
c/ eosinophilic leukocytes
d/ giant cells of Sterngerg
9. Empyema may be developed in:
a/ the pleural cavity
b/ cervical cavity c/ the lungs
d/ liver
10. In a healing wound, the first extracellular matrix component which
forms is:
a/ proteoglycan—> Fibronectin
b/ elastin
c/ collagen type I d/ collagen type II
11. Decrease in the size of parenchymal cells is defined as: a/ hypoplasia
b/ simple atrophy
c/ protoplasia
d/ numeric atrophy
12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
a/ Chronic recurrent liver damage, which damage the parenchyma are
followed by regenerative fibrinous cirrhosis
b/ epithelium of the gastro-intestinal tract has good regenerative capacity
c/ after myocardial infarction, the damaged cardiomyocytes are replaced
by regenerative cells
d/ brain cells do NOT regenerate
13. Procallus is composed of:—> Bone Regeneration
(3)
c/ connective tissue—> 3-7 Days (1)
d/ fibrin
14. frosted deposits represent:
a. sections of hyalinization
b. regeneration of cells
c. amyloid deposits
d. limited fibrinous deposits
15. cutis laxa represents:
a. disruption in the exchange of elastin
b. disruption in the exchange of collagen
c. skin mucinosis d. hyalinosis
16. which of the following stains is NOT used to prove the presents of
lipids: a. sudan 3
a/ bone tissue —> 4-6 Weeks.
b/ cartilage tissue. (2)
b. osmic acid c. oil red
d. congo red
17. which disease is NOT connected with impaired exchange of
cholesterin: a. atherosclerosis
b. diabetes
c. disease of HAND-SCHILLER-CHRISTIAN
d. acromegalia
18. which change in the appearance of an organ is connected with amyloid
deposits: a. maculae lactae in the epicardium—> only in pericardium
b. large “white” kidney
c. frosted spleen
d. liver with the appearance of a geographic map
19. accumulations of abnormal amounts of haemosiderin in tissues and
organs is NOT observed in:
a. disturbance in the metabolism of copper
b. disturbance in the metabolism of iron c. haemolytic processes
d. haematomas
20. hypovolemic shock occurs in: a. pericardial tamponate
b. lung embolism
c. bacterial pneumonia
d. loss of fluids and electrolytes
21. chronic left sided heart failure canNOT occur in:
a. defect in the aortic valve
b. cicatrix after myocardial infarction with chronic aneurism c. lung
thromboembolism
d. defect in the mitral valve
22. favourable factors for thrombosis are:
a. damage to the endothelial cells
b. hypoproteinemia c. thrombocytopenia d. leucocytosis
23. sources of thromboemboli in the pulmonary artery may be: a. thrombi
in the right ventricle
b. thrombi in the left atrium
c. thrombi in the veins of the portal system
d. in the mesenteric veins
24. complete absence of organ formation is explained as:
a. agenesis
b. aplasia
c. heterotropia—> displacement of organs—> wrong location d. atresia
25. the most frequent malignant tumour in women is: a. carcinoma of the
stomach
b. carcinoma of the breast
c. carcinoma of the ovary
d. carcinoid—> tumor in the glands of the intestine (especially appendix)
or bronchi
26. ovarian tumour composed of disorganised but matured tissue which is
not normally found in the ovary is called:
a. choristoma
b. hamartoma
c. blastoma d. teratoma
27. contact with asbestos is a predisposing factor for the development of a
tumour in: a. brain
b. thyroid gland
c. liver
d. pleura
28. which of the following is a benign epithelial tumour: a. lymphangioma
b. haemangioma
c. ependioma
d. adenoma
29. which of the following diseases is autoimmune: a. crupous pneumonia
b. juvenile diabetes
c. hashimoto thyroiditis
d. acute pancreatitis
30. which of the following lesions is a form of necrosis: a. phlegmon
b. noma
c. abscess
d. kelloid

1.) The development of secondary amyloidosis is usually

associated with:
- Diabetes mellitus (diabetes insipidus, chronic
glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis)
2.) Chlosterol imbalance is associated with:
- artherosclerosis ( Hand-Sehiller-Christian disease,
Diabetes mellitus, acromegaly)
3.) Pulmonary edema usually results from hemodynamic
disorder due to:
- Myocaridal infarction (bronchogenic carcinoma, cor
pulmonale, croupous pneumonia 8aka acute lobar
Pneumonia)
4.) Which of the folowing organ has the best regeneration
ability: - bones, liver, kidney
5.) Hypertophy is the increase in volume of an organ tissue
due to - increase in size of the cell/ synthesis of cellular
compemes
6.) Left ventircular wall thickening in aterial hypertension
is due to: - cardiac workoverload due to increased .... (f.e.
artherosclerosis)
7.) Beninge prostate enlargement in men after 50 years of
age is due to: - changes in hormone balance
8.) The presence of reticular fibers is atypical feature of: -
Elan syndrome
9.) Pulmonary edema resulted from permeability disorder is
typically associated with:
- acute left ventricular failure (chrinic pulmonary
congestion, malnutrition, cor pulmonale)
10.) Coagulative necrosis is associated with:
- protein enriched tissues (liquid enriched tissues, enzyme
enriched tissues, mycobacterium infection)
11.) Hyaline deposition happen in:
- blood vessels after plasmorrhagia (hemorrhagic infarction
of the lung, bacterial pneumonia, encephalomalacia foci)
12.) Which of he following stains is used to reveal
amyloid? - Congo red
13.) Granulation tissue is not associated with -healing of
mucosal erosions
14.) The most common type of cells found in foci of acute
infalmation are -neutrophils
15.) In which type of granulomatous inflamation are not
present Langerhans Cells -Sarcosis
16.) Give an adequate definition to a phlebolith -
calcification within venous thrombus
(im Röntgenbild nachweisbare verkalkten/ verknöcherten
Thromben, die sich in pheripheren Venen absetzten)
17.) Which from the listed below is a major risc factor for
air embolism - fast decompression
18.) Which of the following leads to edema formation
- When bloodvessels leack fluid + pregnancy + congestive
heart failure + chirrosis + kidney disease/ damage
19.) Which of the following is associated with fluid
imbalance
- fluid loss, vomiting, diarreah, sweating, hormonal
imbalance, medis,kidney disease
20.) Which type of inflammation is characterized by serous
exudate and edema? - acute inflammation
21.) Epitheloid cells originate from:
- macrophages (plasma cells, lymphocytes, PMN)
22.)Abscess develops more frequently in the:
skin surface
23.) Steatosis represents an abnormal intracellular
accumulation of:
- triglycerides (water, melanin, kerasin) 24.) The earliest
manifestatons of cell injury include:
- cell swelling
- rubor, calor, dolor, tumor, function laesa
25.) Which of the mentioned below is NOT used to color
lipids?
- Congo Red (Sudan III, oil red, osmic acid) 26.) Fatty liver
is commonly associated with:
- Steatosis
27.) “Cutis Laxa” represents:
- skin become inelastic/ no elastiv fibers 28.) Lung atrophy
is associated with:
- emphysema
29.) Spleen induration is associated with congestion results
from:
- chronic right venticle failure
30.) Which of the listed below contributes to the
hypovolemic shock?
- liquids and electrolytes loss (bacterial infection, caridac
tamponade, pulmonary embolism)
31.) Which of the followiing is a glycogen strage
disease?
– Pompe disease (Tay-Sachs D.(=Gangliosidosis),
Hurler D. (=no break down of long chains of
glycosaminogycans) Guerlier D.)
32.) Which of the following is due to amyloid
deposition?
- glaze spleen (liver with geographical map appearance,
large white kidney, perocardium maculae latea)
33.) Which of the mentioned below is the correct definition
of “sequestrum” term?
– necrotic zone surrounded by normal bone tisse
(pathologic fracture, benign tumor, exotosis)
34.) An example od “Per Diabrosin” heamorrhage is:
- stomach ulcer (varices of the eosophagus, heamorrhagical
cystitis, venous congestion)
35.) Cardial sign(s) for actue inflammation is/are? - pain -
redness - swelling --> all of the above
36.) Morphological features of apoptosis involve all
mentioned below EXCEPT:
– inflammatory reaction occurs (cell shrinkage, chromatin
aggregates peripherally, cell breaks into small membrane-
wrapped fragments)
37.) Which cell types are characteristics for acute
inflammation?
- polyphornucelars (plasma cells, lymphocytes, Langehans'
giang cells)
38.) Swelling in acute inflammation results from:
- arteriolar dilation (arteriolar constriction, venous
obstruction, outpouring of protein rich fluid into tissues)
39.) Which of the following is most characteristic for
transudate?
- increase in hydristatic pressure- fluid with low specific
gravity - little/no fribringefen --> ALL of the above
40.) Hemorrhagic infarction usually happens in:
- lungs, intestine, liver (liver/lung/kideny, small intestine/
ovary/liver)
41.) Diffuse purlent inflammation is also called: - phlegmon
(abscess, fibrinous, empyema)
42.) In which of the following pericarditis epistenocardia is
present:
- myocardial infarction (corpous pneumonia, reumatism,
myocarditis)
43.) The cardiomypoathia precents as:
- idiopathic myocardial disease (acute myocardial D,
connected with overloading of the heart, chronic
myocardial D with not present
overloading of coronary ischemia, myocardial hypertrophy
developed after valvular D
44.) The empyema could involve:
- the pleural cavity √ - cavity of uterus √ - the lungs √ - the
liver ×
45.) Which type of pneumonia presents with fibrin exudate
& leukocyte infiltrate in the alveoli?
- intersitial pneumonia (staphyloccocal pneumonia, crupous
pneumonia, Friedleanders pneumonia (klebsilla pneumonia)
46.) The transformation process of high differentiated
tissues to less differentiated such is known as:
- anaplasia (prosoplasia, substitution, histological
accomodation) 47.) What differentiate best the sarcoidosis
granuloma from the tuberculouse granuloma:
- presence of giant Langehan cells (tuberculosis √ sacosis
× ) 48.) The chronic cor pulmonale grossly appears with:
- dilation of the right ventricle (stenosis of the tricuspid
valve, myocardial hypertrophy & dilation of the right
ventricle,
myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle)
49.) Pulmonary thromboembolism cannot start from a
thrombus that orginate from:
- the pulmonary veins (the deep veins of the...., the right
ventricle ofthe <3, the pelvic vein)
50.) Anaemic infarctions usually happen in: - kidney (lungs,
liver, intestine)
51.) Typical for chronic alcohol abuse is the presence in
hepatocytes of: – councilman bodies (Michaelis-Gutmann
bodies, mallory bodies,
52.) The rheumatic granulomas are characterized with the
presence of:
- Anchikov cells (rheumatic fever) (caseous necrosis,
Langhans cells, Kulchitsky cells (enterochromatin cells))
53.) Thesaurismoses are all except:
- Graves' Disease (Gauchers' D., Gieke's D, Niemann-Pick
D.)
54.) Localised/ partial depigmentation of the skin is called:
• - vitiligo (albinism, ochonosis, chloasma
uterinum(hyperpigmentation)

• - 55.) Which of the following organs suffer most from

hypertension?
– kidneys (lungs, liver, thymus) 56.) The term “frosty
spleen” is assiciated with: – depositin of hyaline (dep.
Of fibrine, accum. Of iron, dep. of. amyloid) 57.) In
which of the following diseases splenomegaly is most
evident:
- acute leukemia (portal cirrhosis, nutmeg liver,
carcinoma od ductes choledochus)
58.) In mucoviscidosis the pancreas presents with: –
cystic fibrosis (atrophy, amiloidosis, lipomatosis)
59.) Acromegaly is due to:
- somatotropic disorder of the pituritary gland (adrenal
 adenoma, astrocytoma, seminoma)
60.) Typical changes in Parkinson's disease are:
- loss of pigmentation in the substancia nigra (atrophy
of frontal lobe, atrophy of the anterior horns,
hydrocephaly “Ex Vacuo”)
61.) The predominat cell tyoe seen in an inflammatory
resoinse to staphylocoocal infection is: -
polymorphonuclear leikos (lymphocytes, plasma cells,
macrophages)

62.) Infiltrates composed of monocytes, giant cells,

fibroblasts & lymphocytes are characteristic for:
- chronic inflammation (supporative, acute, hemorrhagic
infl.) 63.) Which would be an unexpected finding in
occulated coronary artery?
- thrombocytopenia (thrombus at side, myocaridal
infarction, atheroscleros.) 64.) The development of new
blood channels through an occulsive thrombus is called:
- recanalization (organization, propagation, embolization)
65.) Chronic passive congestion of the spleen involves all
the following EXCEPT:
- shrunken capsule (increase in splenic weight, cyanosis,
sinusoids filled with erys)
66.) All of the following describe forms of heamorrhage
EXCEPT:
- hemostasis (petechiae, purpura, hemopericardium) 67.)
squamous metaplasia typically occurs in:
- the bronchi of chronic smokers(skin exposed to sunlight,
vit. C deficiency, atherosclerotic plaque)
68.) Inflamation is best defined as:
- a reaction of the microcirculation in tissue to injury
(painful edema, chemotaxis of white cells to bacteria,
cellular changes resulting from injury)
69.) Vascular thormbosis may follow all of the listed
predisposing conditions EXCEPT:
- thrombocytopenia (turbulent blood flow, increased blood
viscosity, injury to endothelia/ monolayer)
70.) Which of the cell types are rarely seen in tissues
undergoing chronic inflammation? - polymorphonucleated
leukocytes (plasma cells)
71.) Please specify the best description of the term
"desmoplasia"
– fibroblasts and connective tissue formation and
proliferation within the stoma of the tumor
72.) Chronic left sinde heart failure us NOT associated
with:
- cicatrix resulted from myocardial infarction accompanied
by chronic cardiac aneurism (pulmonary embolism, aortic
valve disease, mitral valve disease)
73.)Hemorrhages resulted from diapedesis are typically due
to: - asphyxia (aortic dissection, hemorrhoids, esophageal
varices)
74.) From the listed below pls. Specify the features that
determines wheather the healing of the wound would be by
1 . Intention or by 2 intention:
- the depth of the wound (the type of tissue, the blood
supply, the position of the wound edges)
75.) All mentioned below are hormones associated
processes apart from:
- cardiac hypertrophy in case of physical work overload
(prostate gland hyperplasia , unterine hypertrophy due to
pregnancy, uterine mucosa
hyperplasy)
76.)In case of atrophy fusca hepatitis liver accumulate:
- Lipofuscin (Billirubin, Hemosiderin, Hemomelanin) 77.)
Chronic passive congestion of the left side heart leads to:
- Induration fusca pulmony (deposite of hemosiderin in
lungs (splenomegalie, hepatomegaly, mesentheric
thormbolism)
78.) Right ventricle hypertrophy is typically associated
with:
– pulmonary hypertension (shock lung, lung edema,
myocadial infarction)
79.) Which of the following is a purulent inflammation? -
emphysema (pseudocyst, gout, trichinolosis)
80.) Which of the following celss are NOT typical for
rhinoscleroma: - Russell bodies (plasma cells, Langhans
cells, Mikulitch cells)
81.) Which of the followiing is a plasma mediator of
inflammation: - Bradykinin and Kallikrein (Histamine,
Serotonine, Cytokin)
82.) Early biological effect of ionizating radiation is
associated with all of the following except?
- endothelial injury (bone marrow injury, mutations,
atrophy and fibrosis of the liver)
83.) The failure of an organ to develop during embryogenic
growth and development due to the absence of primorsal
tussue refers to:
- Agenesis (Atresia, heteroopathy, aplasie)
84.) Which of the following conditions refers to
autoimmune disorders?
- Hashimotos thyroiditis (acute pancreatitis, Lobular
pneumonitis, Tuberculosis) 85.) What is the outcome of
acute inflammation?
– fibrosis (cyst formation, aneurysm, tumor)
86.)Bronchial asthma is associated with one of the
mentioned below immune reationcs:
- type I hypersensivity reacion (IGE) (II, III, IV)
87.) Which of the following is a type of acute
inflammation? - hemorrhagic, (diffuse intersitial, polypous,
granulomatous)
88.) Billirubin is a pigment originated from:
- Hemoglobin (Carotin (Carotine), Melanin, Lipofuscin)
89.) Which of the following stains is used to reveal
glycogen:
.- best carmine (Methyl-Green-Pyroin, Van- Gieson's stain,
silver impregnation)
90.) Which of thementioned below conditions manifest with
lipofuscin accumulation in hepatocytes:
- liver atrophy (liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, nutmeg
liver (chonic passive congeston of the liver)
91.) Which statement concerning arterial embolism is false?
- arterial emobli rarely lodge in the lower extremities
(most arterial emboli arise from cardiac thrombi, most
arterial emboli cause infarction, arterial emboli may be
derived from ulcerated aortic atherosclerotic plaques)
92.) Grossly the thrombus appears:
– thick and crumbly (smooth and shiny, free lying in the
vessle lumen, soft and elastic)
93.) In which of the following granulomas there is caseous
necrosis in the center: - tuberculosis (felinosis, sarcoidosis,
Wegner's granulomatosis)
94.) Typical for autoimmune disease is:
- fibrinoid necrosis (coliquation necrosis, caseous necrosis,
coagulation necrosis)
95.) Flattening of the follicular endothelial in thyroid cyst is
an example of: - histologic accumulation
96.) Which of the processes is not related to the others?
- amyloidosis (mucoid change, fibrinoid necrosis,
hyalinosis) 97.) Clinicomorphological forms of necrosis are
all BUT:
- abscess (decubitus, gangrene, sequester) 98.) Morphologic
sign of amyloidosis?
– enlarged pale kidneys
99.) Lipomatosis can develop in the:
- pancreas (not spleen, liver, prostate) 100.) Jaundice is a
condition of accumulation of:
– billirubin
101.) Torch embryopathy does not....
– eryspelas (right: toxoplasmoses, ribella, cytomegalie)
102.) Which of the following is a characteristic of a chronic
abscess?
– pyogenic membrane (lymphocytic infiltration, fibrinous
exudate, coagulation necrosis)
103.) The deep fibrinous inflammation usually affects
mucosis with:
– squamous epithelium (columnar epi., glandular epi.,
transitional epi.)
104.) Hemorrhagic inflammation characterises:
– plaque (diabetes, croupous pneumonia, staphylococcal
meingitis)
105.) The specific granuloma in syphilis is called: – gumma
(tuberculum, leproma, oleogranuloma)
106.) Which of the following DOES NOT characterize the
disseminated intravascular coagulation

- large throbus in the pulmonary artery (endothelial

damage, dev. Of microinfarcts, microthrombi in the capill.
And veins)
107.) What causes edema of the chronic renal disease?
– protein loss (protein loss, venous condenstion, lymph
vessels obstruction, heart failure)
108.) chronic left heart failure causes: – brown induration
of the lungs
109.) Aortic disscection is mostly a complication of:
– hypertension
110.) Lipid embolism is proved on:
– frozen sections, stained with oil red
111.) Which of the following diseases is NOT a congenital
diseases:
– ochondrosis (albinusm, ichtiosis,chloasma uterinum)
112.) Which of the following describes the most accuratley
the presence of necrosis:
- inflammation and irreversible 113.) Dry gangrene
typically affects:
- extremities in case of atherosclerosis (myocardium, liver,
spleen)
114.) Which of the mentioned below stains used to reveal
mucoid degeneratioin?
– hematoxylin and eosin stain /
115.) Heamorrhagic type of inflammation is typical for:
- Tuberculosis (caesous pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, flu)
116.) Which of the cells are NOT present in exudate:
– Erythocytes (Monocytes, Eosinophhils, Epitheloid cells)
117.) Deep fibrous inflammation is typically associated
with:
– mucsa lined by columnar epithelium
118.) Which of the following is not typical for granuloma in
tuberculosis:
– foreign body giant cells
(Langehans, lymphocytes at periphery, central area of
caseous necrosis)
119.) Superficial fibrous inflammation is NOT typical for:
– acute peritonitis (laryngeal...., [Link], cor
villosum)
120.) The presence of reticular fibers are typical for:
– granulomous sarcosis ( granulomatous tuberculosis,
gran..................)
121.) Which of the following cells is present in acute
inflammation? – Neutrophils (Mast cells, lymphocytes,
macrophyges)
122.) What is a purulent inflammation?
– empyema (pseudocys, trichinelosis (parasite), gout
(inflammatory arthritis)
123.) Purulent inflammation?
(=suppurative inflammation) acute, exudative inflammation
--> great accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes --
> liquefaction of surrouding tissue --> pus consists of
plasma degeneration and necrotic cells, other white blood
cells
123.) Cor Villosum represents:
- Chronic inflammation (pericarditis) (fibrinous, purulent,
heamorrhagic i.)
124.) Which of the following is considered a thrombotic
risk factor? - endothelial injury (xia
125.) Most common location for heamorrhagic infarction? -
intestins, lung, liver, brain (spleen, Myocardium, kidney)
126.) Which of the following is the most commin cause of
edema associated with kidney diseases?
– loss of proteins (heart failure, impaired venous return,
lymph vessels/lymphatic obstruction)
127.) Which of the listed below is the most appropriate
stain technique.. fat embolism detec.? – frozen section,
stained with oil red and sudan III
128.) Stasis is associated with:
– veins (aorta, capillaries, arteries)
129.) Caisson disease is associated with:
– gas embolism (thrombotic embolism in pulmonary artery,
fat embolism, tissue/ cell embolism)
130.) Chronic right ventricle congestion leads to:
– pulmonary edema (kidney cortical necrosis, induration
fusaca pulmonum, induration of the spleen)
131.) Chronic passive congestion of the left side heart leads
to:
– induration fusca pulmonum (hepatomegaly,
splenomegaly, mesenteric thrombosis)
132.) Vicarious hypertrophy is often seen in: – spleen (liver,
myocardium, lungs)
133.) Left ventricular wall thickening in arterial
hypertensoin is due to:
– caridiac workoverload associated hypertrophy
(vicarious hypertrophy, pathologic hyperplasia, pseude
hypertrophy)
134.) The fuction of the wpitheloid cells is:
– Phagocytosis (antibodies production, collagen production,
histamine secretion)
135.) Neutrophil leucocytes are associated with:
– cytopathic effects (granulatioin tissue, chronic
inflammation, connective tissue scar)
136.) Whih of the following statements is wroong?
– smooth muscle regeneration is performed by the process
of metaplastic transformation of fibroblasts into myoblasts
(s.m. Regeneration is performed by: hyperplasia of the near
by myocytes and preserved myocytes and by process of
replacement of defect with connectice tissue)
137.) What typeof organism causes aspergillosis? – Fungus
(Parasite, virus, mycobacterium)
138.) Russell bodies are associated with:
– chronic inflammation with plasma cell infiltrate
tuberculosis)
(gangrene corpous pneumonia,
139.) Marked eosinophilic infiltration is typical for: –
parasites (mycobacteria, G(+) oder G(-) infection)
140.) Which cells migrate first through the blood vessels
during acute inflammation? – neutroophils (macrophages,
plasma cells, epitheloid cells)
141.) Which cells are NOT present in exudate:
– erythrocytes (epitheloid, monocyes, eosinophils)
142.) Endocardial fibroelastosis in children is commonly
associated with:
– fibrinoid necrosis
143.) In case of hemosiderosis lungs grossly:
– are brown in colour (are less dense, less elastic, have
emphysematous appearance)
144.) Which of the following diseases is NOT congenital: –
ochondrose 145.) the earliest manifestation of cell injury
include: – swelling
146.) Reveal collagen staining?
– Mallory's trichroome stain --> collagen of connective
tissue, cytoplasm, RBCs
147.) The growth pattern of stomach or intestines adenoma
could be described as: - polyp (ulcer, cauliflower- like,
nodular structure)
148.) Which type of inflammation is characterized by
collectons of dead and dying polymorphonuclears, dead and
dying bacteria and necrosis, all of with form a
turbis....tissue?
- abscess inflammation (catarral inflamation/phlegmonous/
granulomatous) 149.) Kupffer's cells are:
-liver macrophages (spllen/alveolar macrophages, synovial
histocy.) 150.) All of the following would be expexted in
hepatig congestion except:
– hepatic congestion: nut meg liver, dysfunctions due to
venous congestion, cardiac cirrhosis
151.) Which of the following pathological states may
accmpany mitral stenosis:
- subacute infective endocarditis (lung infarction right sided
heart failiure pulmonary arteriosclerosis none of the above)
152.) The following are features of constirctive pericarditis
except:
– marked cardiac hypertrophy and dilation, (may follow
tuberculosis pericarditis, pericarditis sac is obliterated by
dense fibrosis, the diastolic filling od the heart is impaired)
chronic general venous coongestion is a prominet feature)
153.) Which of the following statements is true about
artheriosclerosis:
-elevation of the high density lipoproteins is an important
risk factor
(the lesions develop only only in males above the age of 40
years, the severes lesions develops in the meduim-sized
arteries, all/ none of the above)
154.) Which of the following statemnts is true about
rheumatic fever:
• – it may involve extracardial sides as brain and joints
causing irreversible damage
• – streptococcal infection
(it follows staphylococcal infection, most commonly
after age of 25 years, the characteristics myocardial
lesions are bodies composed of neutrophils and fibrin)
155.) Bruton syndrome refers to:
– immunodef. Syndrome associated with a
gammaglobulinemia
(tumor, Multiple neurofibromatosis, malformatioin
syndrome) 156.) Deep
mucous inflammation is associated with:
- nose etc, iriitating by allergens, foreign bodie, fungal;
swelling of tissuem vagina; itching, discharge, pain
odor, fever, cough
157.) All of the following are features of the acute
endocarditis EXCEPT: – it may lead to pyemia
it may be due to septicaemia, may lead to valve
incompetence, it's characterized by small non-
detachable valve vegitatations, may effect tricuspid
valve in intravenous drug abuses
158.) Which of the following features is NOT
characteristics of mitral stenosis: - the cardiac tendinea
are shortened
(lung congestion and pulmonary hypertension may
occure, the left ventricle is hyperthrophic, may effect
tricuspid valve in intravenous drug abuses, the left
atrium may dilate and may show thrombosis)
159.) Which of the following statements are NOT true
about Aschoff bodies:
- they are most commonly deteced in the myocardium/
particulary of the left side
 (there are lesions seen in the valves of acute infectiv
endocarditis, there are characteristic rheumatic leasions
showing cardiac fibrinoid nectrosis,, they are most
commonly deteced near blood vessles, they may also
occure in sites other than myocardium)

160.) All of the following are features of the subacute

infective endocaditis except: - may be copmlicated by
development of cerebral or mesenteric aneurysm,
(the kidnesy may glomerulonephritis, the effected cusps are
commonly perforated, splenomegaly may accure,
commonly effect mitral and aortic valve)
161.) The following may be features of healed (old)
myocadrial infarction EXCEPT:
- elevation of the serum CPK ( cardiac aneurysm,
arrythmia, chronic heart failure, pericardial adhesion)
162.) The following are causes of left sided heart failure
EXCEPT:
- emphysema (coronary disease, mitral incompetence,
aortic stenosis, hypertension)
163.) Which of the following types of aneurysm commonly
affect the aorta?
– dissection aneurysms (aneurysm due to polyarteries
nodsa(small- medium sized arteries), berry
aneurysm(brain), aneurysm complicating subacute infective
endocarditis(brain),, all of the above)
164.) Which of the wollowing statements are true about
varicose veins:
- all of the above (left varicocele ocurs in case of renal
carcinoma of the left kidney, piles may develop in cases of
cancer rectum, liver cirrhosis and right sided heart failure,
varicosity of the leg veins may lead to skin ulceration)
165.) Polyarteritis nodosa is:
– Characterized with coexistence of all stages of activity in
different vessels
166.) Lupus nephritis:
– non of the above (rarly affect patients with SLE(2ndary),
is presentedd with glomular lesions that do not result of
deposition of immune complexes, is usually presented with
"wire loop" lesions in the glumeroulus which are PAS pos)
167.) The diesease that is characterized with
keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia is called: –
Sjogren syndrome
168.) Libman-Sacks endocarditis is present in: – SLE
169.) Which of the following statements is true about aortic
incompetence?
– all of the above (it may lead to cor bovinum, angina pectoris is common,
it may be a congenital disease, it may occure in the tertiary stage od lues/
syphilis

170.) Which of the following statement is true about

benigne nephrosclerosis: – The condition may be
complicated by chornic renal failure
171.) Which of the following conditions is not a
complication of rheumatic fever:
– aortic incompetence (mitral stenosis, subacute infective
endocarditis, perforation of valve cusps, heart failure)
172.) Which of the followin statements is true about
rheihmatic fever: all of the above
(rheimatic fever may occu and mainly affect the small
joints of hands and feet, irreversible brain damage is
common due to rheumatic chorea, irreversible damage of
cardial valves is common)
173.) Typhoid granulomas are typically associated with:
- macrophages that phagocyted RBCy & bacteria (fibronid
necrosis,fibroblasts, neutrophils (acute inflam.)
Macrophages (histocytes) re cells that define granuloma;
often fused to multinucleated giant cells (langehans giant
cells); Macrophyges in granulomas often reffered as
"epitheloid"
174.) Hyalinosis is NOT associated with:
- waxy spleen (amyloidosis) (glaze splee, pericadium
macula lactae, ovarian whitening body)
175.) Micoscopically thrombi features are:
- with rough matt surface (brittle, smooth and shiny, elastic)
176.) During acute venous hyperemia in the lungs we can
observe: - edema (fibrosis, hemosiderosis, hemorrhage)
177.) During decompression sicknesswe can observe: - gas
embolism (fat embolism, thrombic embolism..)
178.) Which are the possible come outs of thrombosis?
- Embolism (venous)/ organization (arterial) (leasing,
petrification)
179.) Fat embolism in the lungs is proved when:
– cuts, formed by a frozen micro tome and colored with
sudan III 180.) The arterial hyperemia is:
– collateral / inflammatory / angio neurotic (neuroparalytic)
181.) During which of the shown pathological processes we
observe depostion of lipufuscin:
- brown atrophy of the myocardia, liver atrophy 182.) The
caseous necrosis is characteristic of:
– tuberculosis, syphilis
183.) The stomach ulcer is most often situated in the area
of:
– small cuvatur
184.) In clinical morphological aspect the diabetic
nephropathy is:
- nodular or diffuse glomeruli sclerosis occuring with
nephrons syndrome, combined with hypertension
185.) Which of the shown macroscope forms of the spleen
is characterisic of the lymphoma of Hotchkin?
– Porphyria spleen (microscopic =mehrkernige Sternber-
Reed-Zellen & einkernige Hodgkin-Zellen)
186.) Which of the enlisteded histological types of tumors
can develop in the stomach? – mucus creating
adenocarcinoma (transitive cell carcinoma, basal cell
carcinoma= skin, follicular cell carcinoma = thyroid)
187.) Show which of the enlisted cysts has inflammation
genesis:
– epidermoid cyst
188.) The arterlosclerosis leads to the following
complications in the aorta except:
- Mesaortitis (thrombosis, ruptures, aneurysm)
189.) The pulmonary heart develops when the following
diseases are observed excluding:
– Bronchiectasis (COPD, Silicosis, Mitral defects) 190.)
Which of the followin complications is being observed,
excluding:
– Bronchiectasis (COPD, Silicosis, mitral defect)
191.) Which of the following complications is being
observed when the patient has mitral valve stenosis:
– hypertophy and dilation of the left atrium, diminished
volume of the eft ventricle, chronical venous stasis in the
lungs --> all are correct
192.) Which of the following complication is least possible
to happen to a 40- year old woman, who has developed a
generalized atherosclerosis during the last 20 years?
- gangrene of the biggest toe of the right foot
(sudden death, arteriosclerosis of arteria pulmonalis,
cicatrice aftermyocardial infarction
193.) The presence of an acute breat pain of a 49- years old
man, appeared after coronary thrombosis is least probably
to be releated to:
- hypercholesterinemia (smokin, chronical pneumonia, long
year lastin diabetis)
194.) A 45 year old man is taken to hospital urgently. He is
taken to the intensive care department on the occasion of
searing retrostenal pain. Ehile staying in hospital he is in
cardiogenic shock, which cannot be dealed. He died on the
4th day after the incodemt. At autopsy is established a large
section in the heart with whitish color and erased structure,
and erased structure, located front lateral. Material for
histological eyamination was taken from this department of
the heart. The examination established that:
– granulomatous inflammation
195.) Chronoc left heart failure can NOT develop after:
– pulmonary embolism (aortic valve insuff., postinfaction
myocardial scar, mitral valve stenosis)
196.) aortic dissection is mostly a complication of: -
atherosclerosis
197.) Cholesterol imbalance is associated with: –
artheriosclerosis
198.) The function of the epitheloid cells is: – phagocytosis
199.) The most common eosophagitis in immun
compromised patients is: - mycotic (granuloumatous,
reflux, tuberculous)
200.) The gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors develop most
often in:
– large intestine (the rectum, the appendix, stomach) 201.)
Heamorrhagical inflammation persits in:
– lobular pneuminia, (flue,diabetes mellitus, croupous
pneumonia)
202.) Which of the following is most characteristics most
important for staging of a tumor:
– the presence of metastasis, (the presence of necrosis, the
polymorpous nuclei, the multiple mitotic figures)
203.) Neoplasms are:
– proliferaton of cells without autonomic growth
(proliferatioins of cells that have nometastatic potential,
malignant tumors, tumors that have metastatic potentials)
204.) The first stage of development of rheumatic
granulomous is accociated with: - can lead to fibrosis, (right
heart dailure, cardiac cirrhosis)
205.) Which of the following is not associate with
disseminated intravascular coagulation?
– formation of blood clots in small blood vessels -->
compromise of tissue blood flow - -> can lead to multiple
organ damage; in addition. Coagulation process consumes
clotting f actors and platelets --> normal clotting disturbes
--> several bleeding can occur
206.) The presence of fibrin, dilation & vasculalr
engorgement &........ are characteristics for: –
granulomatous inflammation (chronic, supporative, acute
inflam?)
207.) Abscess formation is NOT typical for: - not purulent
formations 208.) All of the following are true about
Carbon's disease except:
- presence of granulomas - presence of fistilsation
- minimal changes in the submuscosa - predominantly
affects caecum & illeum
209. ) Esophagal strictures formed after alkali solution
swallowing are caused by:
- granulation tissue inadequate production (hypertrophy of
smooth muscles, epithelial hyperplasia, dehiscence)
diseases that compromise the esophageal lumen by direct
invasion or lymph node enlargement
210.) Decubitus represents:
- as a result of soft tissue pressure
211.) The contraction of the wound results from: – cross
linking with fibronection 212.) Keloid mainly consists of:
– collagen --> fibroblast activity imbalance
213.)Which of the following ist NOT associated with Down
syndrome: –
enlarged spleen
214.) The heightened risk of the second child with
abnormalities is associated with:
– hydrops fetalis (rhesus-inkomp.) (TORCH embryopathy,
albinism, cleft lip)
215.) Malignant tumors are usually associated with:
– infiltrative growth (capsule presence, do not metastasize,
slow groth)
216.) Choose from the listed below the most appropriate
feature of the tissue atypia:
– cell atypia (cell chaotically grouped in bundles, nucleum
cytoplasm ratio changes, nuclear polychromasia)
217.) Which of the following is not true for actinmycosis:
– caseous necrosis around the bacteria (macrophages, PAS
stain is useful in the diagnosis, pus around the baceria)
218.) Plasma cells:
– originate from B-lymphocytes
219.) Which of the following statements about cytochorme
P-450 is wrong?
– it's the most important catalysator of reactions fromphase
II (phase I would be right) (the activity of the system
decreases during starvation it's connected in the many
medicines metabolism it is localized in the endoplasmatic
reticulum in liver)
220.) Try to give an appropriate definition to chondroma of
the larynx:
– a tumor from cartilage origin (a precursor of carcinoma, a
tumor of epithelial origin, a precursor of leiomyosarcoma)
221.) A benign tumor proliferated from the epithelial cells
of the salivary gland is called: – adenoma (fibrioma(skin),
polyp (intestines), leiomyoma(smooth muscle)
222.) How would you define the tumor composed of
smooth muscle fibers?
– Leiomyosoma (Rhabdomyoma(striated muscle)/cardica
too),angioma blood vesselsn and lymphatic endothelium,
pleomorphic adenoma (cellulary cell tumor parotis)
223.) Please choose from the mentioned below the most
approproate description fot the paraneoplastic syndrome:
– immune reaction stimulated by the tumor cells
proliferation 224.) lung atrophy is associated with:
– decreased in size lungs
225.) All of the following are meachanisms of bacterial
virulence except:
- cytopathic effect (virus)
(adhesioin to the host, secretion of autoinducing peptides,
biofilm formation, direct)
226.) Per rhexin hemorrhage is usually due to: – an acute
aortic aneurism rupture 227.) Ectopia refers to:
– displacment or malposition of an organ or other body part
228.) Which of the following is typically associated with a
fibroblast
proliferation: – granulomas in rheumatism granulomas in
tuberculosis
229.) Which of the following is a type of chronic
productive inflammation: – cor
villosum (chronic fibrous pericaditis)
abscess (encapsulated collection of pus); phlegmone (acute/
subacute diffuse inflammation); condyloma acuminata
(Warze, benigne Wucherung des epithels)
230.) Chronic inflammation is typically associated with all
mentioned below EXCEPT:
– proliferation of neutrophils (acute) (proliferation of:
macrophages, fibroblasts,lymphocytes,plasma cells=
mononuclear cells)
231.) The exudative inflammation is NOT typically
associated with:

– transudate (weak proliferative component, plasma

diapedese, vasodilation and leucocytes margination)
232.) In which type of granulomatous inflammation are
NOT present Langehans cells:
– sarcoidosis (tuberculosis, brucellosis, rheumatism)
233.) The least common type of cells found in foci of
chronic inflammation are:
– eosinophils (acute --> response to helminth worms and
parasites) (epitheloid cells, macrophages, mast cells)
234.) Tay Sacks disease is associated with:
– GM2 gangliosides / hexosaminidase A deficiency;
autosomal regressive genetic disorder --> progressive
deterioration of nerve cells
235.) In case of thesaurismosis intracellular accumulation
of the merabolic products: – do not undergo reversible
development
236.) Which of the following staining technique is used to
reveal itracellular iron: – Perls' Prussian blue reactioin
237.)Type IV hypersenitivity (delayed type
hypersensitivity) is associated with: – serum sickness
(athma type I; Goodpasture type II )
238.) Which of the following cells do NOT refer to immune
system: – dentritic cells
239.)In case of obesitas lipids deposition happens in:
– in all mentioned above (in mesentery, under the skin,
under the epicardium)

Hypertrophy is increased in the volume of an organ or tissue due

- Increase in the volume of parenchyma cells

Which of the following statements is wrong

- Smooth muscle regeneration is performed by the process of hyperplasia
to the preserved myocytes

Pseudohypertrophy is the increase in the volume

- Increase in the volume of fat or connective tissue

Example metaplasia

- Squamous epithelial in a main bronchus of a smoker

Thrombotic risk factor

- endothelial injury

After obstruction how long does it take for a myocardial infarction to be

evident microscope

- 8-12 h
Hemorrhagic type of inflammation is typical for

- flu
Right ventricle hypertrophy is typically associated with

- Pulmonary hypertension
Which of the mentioned below is not used to color lipid

- Congo red
Metastatic calcification is also associated with

- Parathyroid glands tumor

Glaze or sugar icing deposits represent

- Hyaline deposition
Usual outcome of brain infarct

- Pseudocyst
Which of the following mediators of inflammation not a chemotoxic one

- Lysosomal Protein
Which of the following diseases leads to cachexia

- Tuberculosis
Post-mortal coagulates appear

- Elastic with smooth surface

Most accurate gross description of the thrombi

- Thick and brittle

Per Rhexin hemorrhage is usually due to

- an acute aortic aneurism rupture

hemorrhages is associated with gastrointestinal tract

- Haematemesis
Most common location for ischemic anaemic infarction

- kidney
Hemorrhages resulted from diapedesis are due
- Asphyxia
Eosinophils most common found in

- Allergic reactions
Type of purulent Inflammation

- Empyema
Catarrhal inflammation

- A serous inflammation in mucous membranes

Which cells are not typically found in foreign body granuloma

- Eosinophils
Granulation tissue is not associated with

- Healing of mucosal erosions

Process of tissue differentiation to a higher level of organization

- Prosoplasia