Reference book:Machine Shop 1

By Engr. Eugene S. Ylaya

Prepared by:
Engr. Patrick Q. De Pedro, PME, LPT, RMP
Objective:
At the end of the lesson, the students
have:
 learned the definition of machine shop.
 learned the fundamentals of machine
shop
 learned what are the metal processes.
Content Outline:
a. Machine Shop Definition
b. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
c. Metal processes
d. Properties of Steel
[Link] Shop:
 A place in which metal
parts are cut to the size
required and put together
to form mechanical units
or machines
 It is the basis of all
mechanical production
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
1.
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
1.
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
1.
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Steel Rule:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Caliper:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Vernier Caliper:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Micrometer:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Screw Thread Pitch:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
(separate lesson on cutting tools)
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Function or Uses of Coolants:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Lathe Machine Operation (separate lesson)
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Lathe Machine Operation (separate lesson)
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Lathe Machine Operation (separate lesson)
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Lathe Machine Operation (separate lesson)
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Shaping Operation:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
Milling Operation:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
1.8 Bending Machine
A bending machine is a machine
used to bend and shape workpieces.
[Link] brake
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
1.8 Bending Machine Operation:
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
1.9 Shearing Machine:
Shearing machine uses a moving upper blade and a
fixed lower blade to apply shearing force to metal
sheets of various thicknesses by using a reasonable
blade gap to make the sheets break and separate
according to the required size.
In simple words, it is a machine used to cut metal
sheets into strips or smaller sheets.
B. Fundamentals of Machine Shop
2.0 Plate Rolling Machine:
A plate rolling machine is a machine that will roll different
kinds of sheet metal into round or conical shape.
Types:
3-roller machines have one pressing top roll and two
pressing side rolls.
4-roller machines have a top roll, pinching roll and two side
rolls.
C. Types of Metal Fabrication Processes
Metal fabrication is a broad term referring to any process that cuts, shapes, or molds
metal material into a final product. Instead of an end product being assembled from
ready-made components, fabrication creates an end product from raw or semi-
finished materials.
[Link]
Casting is when molten metal is
poured a mold or die and allowed to
cool and harden into the desired
shape.
[Link]
This very common type of metal fabrication is the
cutting of a workpiece to split it into smaller
sections. While sawing is the oldest method of
cutting, modern methods include laser cutting,
waterjet cutting, power scissors, and plasma arc
cutting.

3. Drawing
Drawing uses tensile force to pull metal
into and through a tapered die. The die
stretches the metal into a thinner
shape.
4. Forging
Forging uses compressive force to shape
metal. A hammer or die strikes the
workpiece until the desired shape is
formed.
4. Machining
The metal fabrication method called
machining refers to the process of
shaping metal by removing the
unwanted material from it. This
process can be performed in a
variety of ways. There are many
different machining processes,
including drilling, turning, and
milling.
5. Punching
6. Shearing
7. Welding
D. Properties of Steel
1. Hardness =Hardness is defined as the ability
to withstand friction and abrasion of the
material and is a measure of how durable it
is. It is the most poorly defined material
property because it can indicate resistance to
scratching, resistance to abrasion, resistance
to indentation or shaping, or resistance to
localized plastic deformation.
2. Toughness =is defined as its ability to
absorb energy without fracturing or
breaking. Simply put, it is the resistance of a
material to fracture when stressed.
3. Strength = measures how much stress can
be applied to an element before it deforms
permanently or fractures.
D. Properties of Steel
4. Ductility = It is the property that makes it
possible for a steel to be shaped into various
shapes and structures. This allows it to be
utilized as thin wires or as large automotive
parts and panels, depending on the shape and
structure.
5. Durability = refers to its ability to withstand
abrasion, pressure, and damage over a long
period of time.
6. Malleability = describes a material’s ability
to deform under pressure or hammering
without cracking or breaking.
D. Properties of Steel
7. Magnetic = steel is a magnetic material
because of the iron. Austenitic stainless
steel does not act magnetically due to the
high concentration of chromium and
nickel.
8. Thermal Conductivity = it is the rate at
which thermal energy is transported
through a material. A high thermal
conductivity material can transport heat
fast and more efficiently than a low
thermal conductivity material.
Multiple Choice Practice Questions: Which type of surface is produced by turning operation in lathe machine?
a) flat
Which of the following is included in machining process? b) cylindrical
a) extrusion c) taper
b) soldering d) none of the mentioned
c) drilling
d) coating What is the necessary condition for turning?
a) material of work piece should be harder than the cutting tool
In forging process, metals are shaped by _____ b) cutting tool should be harder than the material of work piece
a) impact c) hardness of the cutting tool and material of of piece should be same
b) cohesion d) none of the mentioned
c) tense
d) none of the mentioned Which type of surface is produced in facing operation?
a) cylindrical
Which method is considered as one of the oldest methods of b) taper
giving required shapes to the metals ? c) flat
a) casting d) none of the mentioned
b) forging
c) forming Which of the following is the type of lathe?
d) none of the mentioned a) bench lathe
b) tool room lathe
In which lathe machine operation, motion of the workpiece is c) capstan and turret lathe
rotary and motion of cutting tool is forward translating? d) all of the mentioned
a) turning
b) planning Which of the following is the base of the lathe machine?
c) milling a) bed
d) all of the mentioned b) tailstock
c) headstock
Which of the following is included in basic machine tools? d) none of the mentioned
a) lathe machine
b) production milling machine Which of the following is fitted on the bed?
c) production drilling machine a) headstock
d) none of the mentioned b) tailstock
c) headstock and tailstock both
d) none of the mentioned