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Class 12 Physics All Formulas Full

The document covers fundamental concepts in physics, including electric charges, fields, electrostatic potential, capacitance, current electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, alternating current, electromagnetic waves, ray optics, wave optics, dual nature of light, atomic structure, nuclear physics, and semiconductor electronics. Each chapter presents key formulas and principles, such as Coulomb's Law, Ohm's Law, Faraday's Law, and the behavior of light and matter at both macroscopic and quantum levels. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the principles of electromagnetism and modern physics.

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14 views4 pages

Class 12 Physics All Formulas Full

The document covers fundamental concepts in physics, including electric charges, fields, electrostatic potential, capacitance, current electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, alternating current, electromagnetic waves, ray optics, wave optics, dual nature of light, atomic structure, nuclear physics, and semiconductor electronics. Each chapter presents key formulas and principles, such as Coulomb's Law, Ohm's Law, Faraday's Law, and the behavior of light and matter at both macroscopic and quantum levels. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the principles of electromagnetism and modern physics.

Uploaded by

anuragsaurav1217
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Coulomb’s Law: F = (1 / 4π■■) (q■q■ / r²)


Force in vector form: F■ = (1 / 4π■■) (q■q■ / r²) r■
Electric Field: E■ = F■ / q
Electric Field due to point charge: E = (1 / 4π■■)(q / r²)
Electric Field due to dipole (axial): E = (1 / 4π■■)(2p / r³)
Electric Field due to dipole (equatorial): E = (1 / 4π■■)(p / r³)
Electric Dipole Moment: p = q × 2a
Electric Flux: Φ = E·A cosθ
Gauss Law: ■E·dA = qenc / ■■
Field due to infinite line charge: E = λ / (2π■■r)
Field due to infinite plane sheet: E = σ / (2■■)

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric Potential: V = W / q
Potential due to point charge: V = (1 / 4π■■)(q / r)
Potential due to dipole (axial): V = (1 / 4π■■)(p / r²)
Potential Energy of two charges: U = (1 / 4π■■)(q■q■ / r)
Relation between E and V: E = −dV/dr
Capacitance: C = Q / V
Parallel plate capacitor: C = ■■A / d
With dielectric: C = K■■A / d
Energy stored in capacitor: U = ½CV² = Q²/2C
Energy density: u = ½■■E²

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Electric Current: I = Q / t
Drift velocity: v_d = eEτ / m
Current density: J = nqv_d
Microscopic Ohm’s law: J = σE
Resistance: R = ρl / A
Resistivity-temperature relation: ρ = ρ■(1 + α∆T)
EMF of cell: ε = W / q
Terminal voltage: V = ε − Ir
Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Lorentz force: F■ = q(E■ + v■ × B■)


Magnetic force: F = qvB sinθ
Force on conductor: F = BIl sinθ
Biot–Savart law: dB = (µ■ / 4π)(Idl sinθ / r²)
Field due to long wire: B = µ■I / 2πr
Field at center of loop: B = µ■I / 2R
Radius of circular path: r = mv / qB
Cyclotron frequency: f = qB / 2πm

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Magnetic dipole moment: µ = IA


Torque on dipole: τ = µB sinθ
Potential energy: U = −µ·B
Field on axial line: B = µ■(2µ) / 4πr³
Field on equatorial line: B = µ■µ / 4πr³
Magnetization: M = µ / V
Magnetic susceptibility: χ = M / H
Relation: B = µ■(H + M)

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Magnetic flux: Φ = BA cosθ


Faraday’s law: e = −dΦ/dt
Self inductance: e = −L dI/dt
Energy in inductor: U = ½LI²
Mutual inductance: e■ = −M dI■/dt

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

AC voltage: V = V■ sinωt
AC current: I = I■ sinωt
Vrms = V■ / √2
Irms = I■ / √2
Inductive reactance: XL = ωL
Capacitive reactance: XC = 1 / ωC
Impedance: Z = √(R² + (XL − XC)²)
Power factor: cosφ = R / Z

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Speed of EM wave: c = 1 / √(µ■■■)


Wave relation: c = νλ
Energy density: u = ½■■E² + ½B²/µ■

Chapter 9: Ray Optics

Refractive index: µ = c / v
Snell’s law: µ■ sin i = µ■ sin r
Critical angle: sin C = 1 / µ
Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
Magnification (mirror): m = −v/u
Lens maker formula: 1/f = (µ − 1)(1/R■ − 1/R■)
Magnification (lens): m = v/u

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Path difference: ∆ = d sinθ


Condition for maxima: ∆ = nλ
Condition for minima: ∆ = (2n+1)λ/2
Fringe width: β = λD / d
Resolving power: RP = D / d

Chapter 11: Dual Nature

Photon energy: E = hν
Momentum of photon: p = h / λ
de Broglie wavelength: λ = h / mv
Einstein photoelectric equation: hν = φ + ½mv²

Chapter 12: Atoms


Bohr radius: r■ = n²a■
Velocity: v■ = (e²) / (2■■hn)
Energy: E■ = −13.6 / n² eV
Frequency: ν = (E■ − E■) / h

Chapter 13: Nuclei

Radius: R = R■A^(1/3)
Mass defect: ∆m = Zmp + (A − Z)mn − M
Binding energy: BE = ∆mc²
Decay law: N = N■e^(−λt)
Half-life: T½ = 0.693 / λ
Mean life: τ = 1 / λ

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics

Diode equation: I = I■(e^(V/ηVT) − 1)


Current gain (CE): β = IC / IB
Relation: α = β / (1 + β)
Logic gate AND: Y = A·B
Logic gate OR: Y = A + B
Logic gate NOT: Y = A■

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