MODULE 2

PCRUT205

SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR

ROBOTICS
2nd Semester | B. Tech Robotics & Automation Engineering | Course Credits: 4

©
MURSHID N
Assistant Professor
Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 2

Sensor
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics A sensor senses the quantity that needs to be observed or measured (called measurand).
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors
Transducer
II. Proximity Sensors
• Eddy Current Proximity
The transducer converts into a form that can be observed or used in a subsequent operation.
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 3

I. Transducers & Sensors

Smart Sensor
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Some sensors come combined with their signal conditioning all in the same package.
• Sensor Classifications
• Such an integrated sensor does still, however, require further data processing.
• Robotic Sensors
• However, it is possible to have the sensor and signal conditioning combined with a
microprocessor all in the same package.
II. Proximity Sensors
• Such an arrangement is termed a smart sensor.
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 4

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 5

SMART BUILDINGS
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 6

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 7

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 8

I. Transducers & Sensors

Measurand & Measurement
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• The variable that is measured is termed the measurand.
• Robotic Sensors
• Examples are acceleration and velocity of a vehicle, torque into a robotic joint, strain
II. Proximity Sensors in a structural member, temperature and pressure of a process plant, and current
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
through an electric circuit.
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
• The output of the sensor unit is the measurement.
III. Force Sensor • The nature of the measurand and the nature of the sensor output are typically quite
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor different. For example, while the measurand of an accelerometer is the acceleration,
• Tactile Sensor
the accelerometer output may be a charge or a voltage. Similarly, the measurand of
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
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a strain-gauge bridge is a strain and the bridge output is a voltage.
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 9

I. Transducers & Sensors

Stages of Sensing and Communication
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
Sensing and communication involve distinct but often interconnected stages. Sensing
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

involves detecting and measuring physical phenomena using sensors, while communication
III. Force Sensor
• Piezoelectric Sensor
involves transmitting and receiving information. The core stages include:
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor
1) Sensing: detecting, measuring, and collecting data using sensors.
2) Communication: transmitting
© MURSHID N (Assistantthe sensor
Professor, data to of
Department a receiver viaAutomation
Robotics and a [Link])
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Model Questions 3) Processing: analyzing and interpreting the received data at the receiver.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 10

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
STATIC CHARACTERISTICS
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS

II. Proximity Sensors DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] The static characteristics are the values given when steady-state conditions occur,
| +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor i.e. the values given when the transducer has settled down after having received
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
some input.
• Tactile Sensor
The dynamic characteristics refer to the behavior between the time that the input
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers value changes and the time that the value given by the transducer settles down to
Model Questions
the steady-state value.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 11

I. Transducers & Sensors

1. Range & Span
• Static Characteristics
2. Error
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications 3. Accuracy
• Robotic Sensors
4. Sensitivity
II. Proximity Sensors
5. Hysteresis Error
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
STATIC 6. Non Linearity Error
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
CHARACTERISTICS
7. Repeatability/Reproducibility
III. Force Sensor
• Piezoelectric Sensor
8. Stability
• Touch/Contact Sensor
9. Dead band/time
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of10. Resolution

Robotics and Automation Engineering)
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Model Questions 11. Output impedance

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 12

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
1. Response Time
• Inductive Proximity
DYNAMIC 2. Time constant
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
CHARACTERISTICS 3. Rise time
III. Force Sensor
• Piezoelectric Sensor 4. Settling time
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 13

1. Range and Span

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• The range of a transducer defines the limits between which the input can vary.
• Dynamic Characteristics • The span is the maximum value of the input minus the minimum value.
• Sensor Classifications • Thus, for example, a load cell for the measurement of forces might have a range of 0 to 50 kN
• Robotic Sensors and a span of 50 kN.

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity 2. Error
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] • Error is the difference between the result of the measurement and the true value of the
| +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
quantity being measured:
III. Force Sensor • error = measured value - true value
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor 3. Accuracy
• Accuracy©isMURSHID N (Assistant
the extent to whichProfessor, Department
the value of Robotics
indicated and Automation Engineering)
by a measurement system might be
Previous ESE Question Papers
wrong.
Model Questions • It is thus the summation of all the possible errors that are likely to occur, as well as the
accuracy to which the transducer has been calibrated.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 14

4. Sensitivity
I. Transducers & Sensors
• The sensitivity is the relationship indicating how much output there is per unit input, i.e.
• Static Characteristics
output/input.
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensitivity is the ratio of a change in output in response to a change in input.
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

5. Hysteresis
II. Proximity Sensors
• Eddy Current Proximity • Transducers can give different outputs from the same value of quantity being measured
• Inductive Proximity according to whether that value has been reached by a continuously increasing change or a
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] continuously
| +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544decreasing change. This
| MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] effect is called
| +91-9645014544 | MURSHIDhysteresis.
| mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 15

6. Non-Linearity Error
I. Transducers & Sensors
• For many transducers a linear relationship between the input and output is assumed over the
• Static Characteristics
working range, i.e. a graph of output plotted against input is assumed to give a straight line.
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Few transducers, however, have a truly linear relationship and thus errors occur as a result of
• Sensor Classifications
the assumption of linearity.
• Robotic Sensors
• The error is defined as the maximum difference from the straight line. Various methods are
used for the numerical expression of the non-linearity error.
II. Proximity Sensors
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 16

7. Repeatability/reproducibility
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics • The terms repeatability and reproducibility of a transducer are used to describe its ability to
• Dynamic Characteristics give the same output for repeated applications of the same input value.
• Sensor Classifications • The error resulting from the same output not being given with repeated applications is
• Robotic Sensors
usually expressed as a percentage of the full range output:

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

8. Stability
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor • The stability of a transducer is its ability to give the same output when used to measure a
• Tactile Sensor constant input over a period of time.
• The term©drift is often
MURSHID used to describe
N (Assistant Professor, the change of
Department in Robotics
output that occurs overEngineering)
and Automation time.
Previous ESE Question Papers • The drift may be expressed as a percentage of the full range output.
Model Questions • The term zero drift is used for the changes that occur in output when there is zero input.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 17

I. Transducers & Sensors

9. Dead band/time
• Static Characteristics
• The dead band or dead space of a transducer is the range of input values for which there is
• Dynamic Characteristics
no output.
• Sensor Classifications
• For example, bearing friction in a flowmeter using a rotor might mean that there is no output
• Robotic Sensors
until the input has reached a particular velocity threshold.
• The dead time is the length of time from the application of an input until the output begins to
II. Proximity Sensors
respond and change.
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
10. Resolution
III. Force Sensor
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• When the input varies continuously over the range, the output signals for some sensors may
• Touch/Contact Sensor
change in small steps.
• Tactile Sensor • A wire-wound potentiometer is an example of such a sensor, the output going up in steps as
the potentiometer slider moves from one wire turn to the next.
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers • The resolution is the smallest change in the input value that will produce an observable
Model Questions
change in the output.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 18

I. Transducers & Sensors

11. Output impedance
• Static Characteristics
• Impedance, represented by the symbol Z, is a measure of the opposition to electrical flow. It is
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
measured in ohms.
• Robotic Sensors
• When a sensor giving an electrical output is interfaced with an electronic circuit it is necessary
to know the output impedance since this impedance is being connected in either series or
II. Proximity Sensors
parallel with that circuit.
• Eddy Current Proximity
• The inclusion of the sensor can thus significantly modify the behaviour of the system to which
• Inductive Proximity it is connected.
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 19

I. Transducers & Sensors

1. Response time
• Static Characteristics
• This is the time which elapses after a constant input, a step input, is applied to the transducer
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
up to the point at which the transducer gives an output corresponding to some specified
• Robotic Sensors
percentage of the value of the input.
• For example, if a mercury-in-glass thermometer is put into a hot liquid there can be quite an
II. Proximity Sensors
appreciable time lapse, perhaps as much as 100 s or more, before the thermometer indicates
• Eddy Current Proximity
95% of the actual temperature of the liquid.
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 20

2. Time constant
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• The time constant is a measure of the inertia of the sensor and so how fast it will react to
• Dynamic Characteristics
changes in its input.
• Sensor Classifications
• The bigger the time constant, the slower the reaction to a changing input signal.
• Robotic Sensors • This is the 63.2% response time.

II. Proximity Sensors 3. Rise time

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity • This is the time taken for the output to rise to some specified percentage of the steady-state
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] output.
| +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
• Often the rise time refers to the time taken for the output to rise from 10% of the steady-state
III. Force Sensor value to 90 or 95% of the steady-state value.
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor
4. Settle time
• This is the
© time taken
MURSHID N for the output
(Assistant to settle
Professor, to within
Department some percentage.
of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers • e.g. 2%, of the steady-state value.
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 21

Characteristics/Features of a Good Sensor

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 22

Characteristics/Features of a Good Sensor

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 23

Sensor Classifications
I. Transducers & Sensors
On the basis of Measured Parameter
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications Sensors
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors Internal External

• Eddy Current Proximity
Sensors Sensors
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

Position Velocity Acceleration Force Non Contact

III. Force Sensor Contact Type
Sensors Sensors Sensors Sensors Type
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
Encoder Tachometer Strain Guage Limit Switches Range Sensor
• Tactile Sensor
LVDT
©Hall-effect Piezoelectric
MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of RoboticsSlip
andSensors Proximity Sensors
Automation Engineering)
Sensor Switches
Previous ESE Question Papers Resolver Ultrasonic Sensors
Torque Sensors
Model Questions Potentiometer Microswitches
Touch Sensors Laser Sensors
Pneumatic Position
Sensor

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 24

Sensor Classifications
I. Transducers & Sensors
On the basis of Mode of Operation
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 25

Sensor Classifications
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 26

Sensor Classifications
I. Transducers & Sensors On the basis of Output Signal
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 27

Sensor Classifications
I. Transducers & Sensors On the basis of Output Signal
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 28

I. Transducers & Sensors

ROBOTIC SENSORS
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 29

I.
•
Transducers & Sensors
Static Characteristics
ROBOTIC SENSORS
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 30

ROBOTIC SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 31

ROBOTIC SENSORS
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 32

ROBOTIC SENSORS
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 33

I.
•
Transducers & Sensors
Static Characteristics
PROXIMITY SENSOR
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor
• A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers
any physical contact.
Model Questions
• A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic
radiation, and looks for changes in the field or return signal.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 34

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

Eddy current proximity sensor

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 35

EDDY CURRENT PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors An eddy current proximity sensor is a

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity non-contacting device that uses
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
electromagnetic fields to measure the
III. Force Sensor
distance to or presence of a conductive
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor object
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 36

EDDY CURRENT PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
❑ If a coil is supplied with an alternating current,
• Sensor Classifications an alternating magnetic field is produced.
• Robotic Sensors ❑ If there is a metal object in close proximity to
this alternating magnetic field, then eddy
II. Proximity Sensors currents are induced in it.
• Eddy Current Proximity
❑ The eddy currents themselves produce a
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link]
magnetic field.
| +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
❑ This distorts the magnetic field responsible for
III. Force Sensor their production.
• Piezoelectric Sensor ❑ As a result, the impedance of the coil changes
• Touch/Contact Sensor and so does the amplitude of the alternating
• Tactile Sensor
current.
❑ At some © MURSHID
presetNlevel, (Assistant
thisProfessor,
changeDepartment
can be used of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers
to trigger a switch.
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 37

INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
❑ An inductive proximity sensor
• Robotic Sensors
is a sensing device that detects
II. Proximity Sensors metal targets using
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity electromagnetic energy and
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
without contact.
III. Force Sensor
❑ The sensing range of an
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor inductive proximity sensor
• Tactile Sensor
changes© based on the type of
MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
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metal being detected
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 38

INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics ❑ A high-frequency magnetic field is generated by coil L in the oscillation circuit.
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications ❑ When a target approaches the magnetic field, an induction current (eddy current)
• Robotic Sensors
flows in the target due to electromagnetic induction.
II. Proximity Sensors ❑ As the target approaches the sensor, the induction current flow increases, which
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity causes the load on the oscillation circuit to increase.
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
❑ Then, oscillation attenuates or stops.
III. Force Sensor
❑ The sensor detects this change in the oscillation status with the amplitude
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor detecting circuit, and outputs a detection signal.
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 39

INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 40

EDDY CURRENT PROXIMITY SENSORS V/S INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
❑ While both eddy current and inductive proximity sensors detect the presence of
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors metal objects using electromagnetic fields, the key difference lies in their
II. Proximity Sensors accuracy and precision:
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
❑ eddy current sensors offer significantly higher resolution and are better suited
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
for precise distance measurements, while inductive proximity sensors are
III. Force Sensor generally more widely used for basic metal detection due to their lower cost and
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor wider sensing range; essentially,
• Tactile Sensor
❑ an eddy current sensor is a more refined version of an inductive proximity
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers sensor, particularly when high precision is required.
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 41

CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors ❑ Capacitive proximity sensors (CPS)
II. Proximity Sensors are sensing device designed to detect
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
both metallic and nonmetallic
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
targets.
III. Force Sensor ❑ They can detect lightweight or small
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor objects that cannot be detected by
• Tactile Sensor
mechanical limit switches.
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 42

CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics ❑ The capacitive proximity sensor consist a high-frequency oscillator along with a
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications sensing surface formed by two metal electrodes.
• Robotic Sensors
❑ When an object comes near the sensing surface, it enters the electrostatic field of
II. Proximity Sensors
the electrodes and changes the capacitance of the oscillator.
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 43

CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
❑ As a result, the oscillator circuit starts oscillating and changes the output state of
• Dynamic Characteristics
the sensor when it reaches certain amplitude.
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors ❑ As the object moves away from the sensor, the oscillator’s amplitude decreases,
II. Proximity Sensors switching the sensor back to its initial state.
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 44

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

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Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 45

I. Transducers & Sensors

FORCE SENSOR
• Static Characteristics Piezoelectric sensor
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions When a piezoelectric crystals are deformed by a force, an electric potential will be
developed within the distorted crystal lattice.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 46

I. Transducers & Sensors

FORCE SENSOR
• Static Characteristics Piezoelectric sensor
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
Piezoelectric Effect
• Inductive Proximity
The piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain
• Capacitive Proximity
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materials to generate an electric charge in

III. Force Sensor
• Piezoelectric Sensor response to applied mechanical stress, and vice
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor
versa. This means that when you press or squeeze
a piezoelectric material,
© MURSHID it can
N (Assistant produce
Professor, anof Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Department
Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions electrical voltage, and conversely, when you apply
an electric field to it, it can deform or vibrate.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 47

I. Transducers & Sensors

FORCE SENSOR
• Static Characteristics Piezoelectric sensor
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
Common Piezoelectric Materials
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

Quartz Tourmaline Rochelle Salt
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 48

I. Transducers & Sensors

FORCE SENSOR
• Static Characteristics Piezoelectric sensor ❖ Piezoelectric sensors work by converting
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
mechanical energy (like pressure, force, or
• Robotic Sensors
acceleration) into electrical energy using the
II. Proximity Sensors piezoelectric effect.
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity ❖ When a force is applied to a piezoelectric
• Capacitive Proximity
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material, it generates an electric charge,
III. Force Sensor
which can be measured as an electrical
• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor signal.
• Tactile Sensor
❖ This principle is used in various applications,
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers
including pressure sensors, accelerometers,
Model Questions
and force transducers.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 49

Piezoelectric sensor
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics Electricity from playgrounds
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications ❖ Piezoelectric materials in a playground
• Robotic Sensors
can generate electricity from the mechanical
II. Proximity Sensors
energy of children's movement, potentially
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity powering playground equipment or even
• Capacitive Proximity
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providing electricity for the surrounding area.
III. Force Sensor
• Piezoelectric Sensor
❖ This is achieved by incorporating piezoelectric
• Touch/Contact Sensor
tiles or generators into the playground surface,
• Tactile Sensor

which convert the pressure

© MURSHID and
N (Assistant vibrations
Professor, fromof Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Department
Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions
footsteps and activities into electrical energy.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 50

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics Pyroelectricity Piezoelectricity
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors
This phenomenon occurs when a This phenomenon occurs when a
II. Proximity Sensors
material generates electric charge in material generates electric charge in
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity response to a change in response to mechanical stress or
• Capacitive Proximity
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temperature. This happens because the pressure. The applied force causes the
III. Force Sensor
• Piezoelectric Sensor
material's atomic structure changes material's atoms to shift slightly, creating
• Touch/Contact Sensor
slightly with temperature, altering the a separation of charge on the material's
• Tactile Sensor

distribution©of electric
MURSHID chargesProfessor,
N (Assistant within Department
the surface
of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions
material

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 51

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions
Touch Sensors are the electronic sensors that can detect touch. They operate as a
switch when touched. These sensors are used in lamps, touch screens of the
mobile etc. Touch sensors offer an intuitive user interface

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 52

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 53

I. Transducers & Sensors Touch sensors work similar to a switch. When they are subjected to
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
touch, pressure or force they get activated and acts as a closed
• Sensor Classifications switch. When the pressure or contact is removed they act as an
• Robotic Sensors
open switch.
II. Proximity Sensors
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 54

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 55

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 56

TACTILE SENSOR
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics • A Tactile sensor is a
• Sensor Classifications collection Touch sensors
• Robotic Sensors
which in addition To
II. Proximity Sensors
determining contact can also
• Eddy Current Proximity provide additional
• Inductive Proximity
information about the
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
object.
III. Force Sensor • This additional information
• Piezoelectric Sensor may be about the shape, size
• Touch/Contact Sensor
or type of material.
• Tactile Sensor
• In most cases a number of
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers touch sensors are arranged
Model Questions in an array or matrix form.

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 57

TACTILE SENSOR
I. Transducers & Sensors
• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors

II. Proximity Sensors

• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964

III. Force Sensor

• Piezoelectric Sensor
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor

© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)

Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 58

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
KTU [Link] S2 (R) Examination May 2025
• Dynamic Characteristics [Link]. SQ CO MARK
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors
3 State any 3 characteristics of a good sensor. CO 2 3
4 Compare active and passive sensors. CO 2 3
II. Proximity Sensors
• Eddy Current Proximity 11 a) Explain the various classification of sensors. CO 2 6
• Inductive Proximity
b) Differentiate the operating principles of eddy current proximity sensor
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link]
CO 2 4
| +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
and inductive proximity sensors.
III. Force Sensor 12 a) In Tokyo, one of the busiest cities in the world, special black tiles have
• Piezoelectric Sensor been installed along many walking paths. Each time someone steps on
• Touch/Contact Sensor these tiles, they capture the kinetic energy from the footstep and convert CO 2 5
• Tactile Sensor it into electricity, helping to power the city.’
Identify
© MURSHID andNexplain theProfessor,
(Assistant sensor technology used
Department of in theand
Robotics above case. Engineering)
Automation
Previous ESE Question Papers b) Explain the working of a strain gauge sensor. CO 2 4
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 59

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors
KTU Model Question Dec 2024
[Link]. SQ CO MARK
II. Proximity Sensors
3 Illustrate the use of proximity sensor. CO 2 3
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity 4 Explain piezoelectric sensors. CO 2 3
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
11 a) Explain in detail the concept of tactile sensors. CO 2 5
III. Force Sensor b) How can you explain the static and dynamic characteristics of 4
CO 2
• Piezoelectric Sensor transducers?
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor 12 Explain briefly about the different proximity, force and pressure sensors. CO 2 9
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 60

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors
Model Question - 1
[Link]. SQ CO MARK
II. Proximity Sensors
3 Comment on Industry 4.0 sensors. CO 2 3
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity 4 Illustrate how information about an object is provided by a tactile sensor? CO 2 3
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
11 a) Differentiate between analog and digital sensors. CO 2 4
III. Force Sensor b) ‘Play Grounds or stadiums can be installed with special black tiles to
• Piezoelectric Sensor capture the kinetic energy exerted on floor and convert it to electricity’. CO 2 5
• Touch/Contact Sensor
Identify and explain the sensor technology used in the above case.
• Tactile Sensor
12 Explain briefly any four robotic sensors. CO 2 9
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 61

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors
Model Question - 2
[Link]. SQ CO MARK
II. Proximity Sensors
3 Illustrate the concept of smart sensors. CO 2 3
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity 4 List out some of the effective features of a good sensor. CO 2 3
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
11 a) Differentiate between active and passive sensors. CO 2 4
III. Force Sensor b) ‘In Tokyo, one of the busiest cities in the world, special black tiles have
• Piezoelectric Sensor been installed along many walking paths. Each time someone steps on
• Touch/Contact Sensor
these tiles, they capture the kinetic energy from the footstep and convert CO 2 5
• Tactile Sensor
it into electricity, helping to power the city.’
© MURSHID
Identify andNexplain
(Assistant
theProfessor, Department of
sensor technology Robotics
used in theand Automation
above case. Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers
Model Questions
12 Explain briefly the classification of sensors. CO 2 9

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 62

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors
Model Question - 3
[Link]. SQ CO MARK
II. Proximity Sensors
3 Illustrate the concept of touch sensors. CO 2 3
• Eddy Current Proximity
• Inductive Proximity 4 List out some of the characteristics of sensors CO 2 3
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
11 a) Differentiate between active and passive sensors. CO 2 4
III. Force Sensor b) ‘Special black tiles can been installed along many walking paths. Each
• Piezoelectric Sensor time someone steps on these tiles, they capture the kinetic energy from
• Touch/Contact Sensor
CO 2 5
the footstep and convert it into electricity.’
• Tactile Sensor
Identify and explain the sensor technology used in the above case.
© MURSHID N (Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
Previous ESE Question Papers 12 Explain briefly the classification of sensors. CO 2 9
Model Questions

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering
 2nd Semester | PCRUT205 – SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTICS | MODULE - 2 63

I. Transducers & Sensors

• Static Characteristics Model Question - 4
• Dynamic Characteristics
[Link]. SQ CO MARK
• Sensor Classifications
• Robotic Sensors 3 Differentiate between measurand and measurement. CO 2 3
4 List out any three piezoelectric materials. CO 2 3
II. Proximity Sensors
• Eddy Current Proximity 11 a) With a neat block diagram, explain briefly the stages of sensing CO 2 4
• Inductive Proximity communication.
• Capacitive Proximity
D | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-9645014544 | MURSHID | mrshdiu@[Link] | +91-964
b) Explain the following static characteristics
i. Hysteresis
III. Force Sensor CO 2 5
ii. Non-Linearity error
• Piezoelectric Sensor
iii. Repeatability
• Touch/Contact Sensor
• Tactile Sensor 12 Explain briefly the following proximity sensors.
i.© MURSHID
Eddy current proximity
N (Assistant sensor
Professor, Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering)
CO 2 9
Previous ESE Question Papers ii. Inductive proximity sensor
Model Questions iii. Capacitive proximity sensor

MURSHID N | Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering

Department of Robotics & Automation Engineering