Share an CHAPTER 3

Name Lesson 4
Estimate Products by 1-Digit Numbers
I Can estimate products by rounding and ­determine if
exact answers are reasonable.

UNLOCK the Problem Real

World

An elephant can reach as high as 23 feet with

its trunk. It uses its trunk to pick up objects that • Cross out the information
weigh up to 3 times as much as a you will not use.

165-pound person. About how much weight can • Circle the numbers you will use.
an African elephant pick up with its trunk? • How will you use the numbers
to solve the problem?

One Way Estimate by rounding.

STEP 1 Round the greater STEP 2 Use mental math.

factor to the nearest hundred.
Think: 3 × 200 = 3 × 2 hundreds
3 × 165
= 6 hundreds

3 × 200 =_

So, an African elephant can pick up about 600 pounds

with its trunk.

Another Way Estimate by finding two numbers the

exact answer is between.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (cr) ©Stockbyte/Getty Images

3 × 165 3 × 165
Think: 165 is between
100 and 200. Use
those numbers to
3 × 100 = _ 3 × 200 = _ estimate. An African elephant is
the largest living land
So, an African elephant can pick up between 300 and 600 pounds. mammal.

1. Is 200 less than or greater than 165? ____

2. So, would the product of 3 and 165 be less than or

greater than 600? _______

Math Construct arguments and

Talk MP
critique reasoning of others.
Is the exact answer closer to
300 or 600? Why?

Chapter 3 • Lesson 4   95

 You can estimate a product to find whether an exact
answer is reasonable.

Tell whether an exact answer is reasonable.

Aril’s horse eats 86 pounds each week. Aril solved
the equation below to find how much feed she needs
for 4 weeks.

4 × 86 = ■

Aril says she needs 344 pounds of feed.

Is her answer reasonable?
One Way Estimate.

4 × 86
Think: Round to the nearest ten.
_×_=_
344 is close to 360.

Another Way Find two numbers the exact answer

is between.

4 × 86 4 × 86

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (tr) ©David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./Alamy Images
_×_=_ _×_=_
_ is between _ and _ .
So, 344 pounds of feed is reasonable.

Share and Show Math

Board Math Reason abstractly and
Talk MP
quantitatively.
1. Estimate the product by rounding. How do you know that an
exact answer of 11,065 is
5 × 2,213 reasonable?

_×_=_
2. Estimate the product by finding two numbers
the exact answer is between.

5 × 2,213 5 × 2,213

_×_=_ _×_=_
96 Go Math! Grade 4
 Name

Tell whether the exact answer is reasonable.

3. Kira needs to make color copies of a horse 4. Jones Elementary is having a car wash to
show flyer. The printer can make raise money for a community horse trail.
24 copies in 1 minute. Kira says the printer Each car wash ticket costs $8. Tiara
makes 114 copies in 6 minutes. says the school will receive $1,000 if
125 tickets are sold.

On Your Own
Tell whether the exact answer is reasonable.
5. MP Mrs. Dorji sells a roll of coastal 6. Mr. Molefe sells horse supplies. A pair of
Bermuda horse hay for $58. She says she will riding gloves sells for $16. He says he will
make $174 if she sells 3 rolls. make $144 if he sells 9 pairs.

7. Path A and Path B are walking paths used for 8. Students in the third grade sell 265 tickets
horses. Path A is 118 feet long. Path B is 180 to the school play. Students in the fourth
feet long. Carlos walks his horse down each grade sell 3 times as many tickets as the
path 3 times. Which path did Carlos use to third grade students. Estimate the number
walk his horse about 500 feet? Explain. of tickets the fourth grade students sold by
finding the two numbers the exact answer is
between.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The students sold between

0 300
300 600
and tickets.
600 900
800 1,200

Chapter 3 • Lesson 4   97

 Cross-Curricular: Reading

Make Predictions
As you read a story, you make predictions about what might
happen next or about how the story will end.

When you solve a math problem, you make predictions about

what your answer might be.

An estimate is a prediction because it helps you to determine

whether your answer is correct. For some problems, it is
helpful to make two estimates—one that is less than the
exact answer and one that is greater.

Predict whether the exact answer will be less

than or greater than the estimate. Explain your answer.
9. The food stand at the zoo sold 2,514 pounds of hamburger
last month. The average cost of a pound of hamburger is on the
$2. Jeremy estimates that about $6,000 worth of hamburger Spot
was sold last month.

(bc) ©Hogne Haug/Alamy; (tc) ©Wim van den Heever/Getty Images; (b) ©Comstock/Getty Images
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (t) ©Ross Armstrong/Alamy;
10. A zoo bought 2,240 pounds of fresh food for the bears this
month. The average cost of a pound of food is $4. Jeremy
estimates that about $8,000 was spent on fresh food for the
bears this month.

98 Go Math! Grade 4
 LESSON 3.4
Name
Practice and Homework
Estimate Products by 1-Digit Numbers

Estimate the product by rounding.

1. 4 × 472 2. 2 × 6,254 3. 9 × 54 4. 5 × 5,503
4 × 472

4 × 500

2,000

Find two numbers the exact answer is between.

5. 3 × 567 6. 6 × 7,381 7. 4 × 94 8. 8 × 684

Problem Solving Real

World

9. Cato drinks 8 glasses of water each 10. Most Americans throw away about
day. He says he will drink 2,920 glasses of 1,365 pounds of trash each year. Is it
water in a year that has 365 days. Is the exact reasonable to estimate that Americans
answer reasonable? Explain. throw away over 10,000 pounds of trash
in 5 years? Explain.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

11. Write Math Describe a real-life multiplication situation

for which an estimate makes sense.

Chapter 3 • Lesson 4   99

Lesson Check
12. A theater has 4,650 seats. If the theater sells 13. Washington Elementary has 4,358 students.
all the tickets for each of its 5 shows, about Jefferson High School has 3 times as many
how many tickets will the theater sell? students as Washington Elementary. About
how many students does Jefferson High
School have?

Spiral Review
14. Tell whether each equation is true or false. 15. Mr. Turkowski bought 4 boxes of envelopes
at the office supply store. Each box has
a. 6 × 3 = 6 + 6 + 6 __ 500 envelopes. How many envelopes did
b. 2 × 5 = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5  __ Mr. Turkowski buy?

c. 7 × 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
 __
d. 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 4 × 8  __

16. Pennsylvania has a land area of 17. The table shows the types of movies people
44,816 square miles. What is the land area downloaded last month.
of Pennsylvania rounded to the nearest
Movie Downloads
hundred?
Type Number Downloaded
Comedy 6,720
Drama 4,032
Action 5,540
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

How many comedy and action movies were

downloaded last year?

100  Go Math! Grade 4

 CHAPTER 3

Name Lesson 5
Multiply Using the Distributive
Property
I Can use models, equations, and the Distributive
­Property to solve 2-digit by 1-digit multiplication problems.

Investigate
Materials ■ color pencils, grid paper
You can use the Distributive Property to break apart
numbers to make them easier to multiply.

The Distributive Property states that multiplying a sum by a

number is the same as multiplying each addend by the number
and then adding the products.

A. Outline a rectangle on the grid to model 6 × 13.

B. Think of 13 as 5 + 8. Break apart the model to show

6 × (5 + 8). Label and shade the smaller rectangles. Use
two different colors.

Use the Distributive Property. Find the product each

smaller rectangle represents. Then find the sum of the
products. Record your answers.

_ × _ = _

_ × _ = _

_ + _ = _

C. Model 6 × 13 again. Think of 13 as a different sum. Break

apart the model to show 6 × (_ + _). Find the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

product each smaller rectangle represents. Then find the

sum of the products. Record your answers.

Remember
_ × _ = _
An area model uses place
_ × _ = _ value and side lengths to
multiply numbers using the
Distributive Property.
_ + _ = _

Chapter 3 • Lesson 5   101

 Draw Conclusions
1. Explain how you found the total number of squares in each
model in Steps B and C.

2. Compare the sums of the products in Steps B and C with those of

your classmates. What can you conclude?

3. To find 7 × 23, is it easier to break apart the factor, 23, as 20 + 3 or

15 + 8? Explain.

Make Connections
Another way to model the problem is to use base-ten
blocks to show tens and ones.
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Use base-ten blocks to Break the model into tens Add the tens and the ones
model 6 × 13. and ones. to find the product.

6 rows of 1 ten 3 ones (6 × 1 ten) (6 × 3 ones) (6 × 10) + (6 × 3)

(6 × 10) (6 × 3) 60 + 18

_ _ _
So, 6 × 13 = 78. Math
Talk MP Attend to precision.

In Step 2, the model is broken into two parts. Each part Why is this a good model for
the problem?
shows a partial product. The partial products are 60 and 18.

102 Go Math! Grade 4

Name

Share and Show Math

Board

Model the product on the grid. Record the product.

1. 3 × 13 = _ 2. 5 × 14 = _

Find the product.

3. 6 × 14 = _ 4. 5 × 18 = _ 5. 4 × 16 = _

Use grid paper or base-ten blocks to model the product.

Then record the product.

6. 7 × 12 = _ 7. 5 × 16 = _ 8. 9 × 13 = _

On Your Own
9. MP Explain how modeling partial products can be used
to find the products of greater numbers.

10. Use the Distributive Property to model the

product on the grid. Record the product.

4 × 14 = _

Chapter 3 • Lesson 5   103

11. Kyle went to a fruit market.
The market sells a wide variety on the
of fruits and vegetables. The Spot
picture at the right shows a
display of oranges.

Write a problem that can be

solved using the picture.

Pose a problem. Solve your problem.

• Describe how you could change the problem by changing the

number of rows of oranges and the number of empty spaces in
the picture. Then solve the problem.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

104 Go Math! Grade 4

 LESSON 3.5
Name
Practice and Homework
Multiply Using the Distributive
Property
Model the product on the grid. Record the product.
76
1. 4 × 19 = _ 2. 5 × 13 = _
10 9

4 × 10 = 40 and 4 × 9 = 36

40 + 36 = 76

Find the product.

3. 4 × 14 = _ 4. 3 × 17 = _ 5. 6 × 15 = _

Problem Solving Real

World

6. Michael arranged his pennies in the 7. Write Math Explain how you can use a
following display. model to find 6 × 17.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

How many pennies does Michael

have in all?

Chapter 3 • Lesson 5   105

Lesson Check
8. The model shows how Gig planted flowers 9. The model below represents the expression
in his garden. 5 × 18.
10 5

How many flowers did Gig plant? How many tens will there be in the
final product?

Spiral Review
10. Center City has a population of 11. Is the equation true or false? Explain.
twenty-one thousand, seventy people.
Write the population in standard form. 5×7=7+7+7+7+7+7+7

12. Imelda has 5 times as many baseball cards 13. A ruby-throated hummingbird beats its
as football cards. In all, she has 120 baseball wings about 53 times each second. About
and football cards. How many baseball how many times does a ruby-throated
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

cards does Imelda have? hummingbird beat its wings in

5 seconds?

106  Go Math! Grade 4

 CHAPTER 3

Name Lesson 6
Multiply Using Expanded Form
I Can use expanded form to multiply a multi-digit
number by a 1 digit number.

UNLOCK the Problem Real

World
Example 1 Use expanded form.

Multiply. 5 × 143

5 × 143 = 5 × (_ + _ + _) Write 143 in expanded form.

= (5 × 100) + (_ × _) + (_ × _) Use the Distributive Property.

SHADE THE MODEL THINK AND RECORD

STEP 1 100 40 3 Multiply the hundreds.

(5 × 100) + (5 × 40) + (5 × 3)
5
_ + (5 × 40) + (5 × 3)

STEP 2 100 40 3 Multiply the tens.

(5 × 100) + (5 × 40) + (5 × 3)
5
500 + _    + (5 × 3)

STEP 3 100 40 3 Multiply the ones.

(5 × 100) + (5 × 40) + (5 × 3)
5
500   + 200    + _

STEP 4 100 40 3 Add the partial products. ​    500​

200
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

  
​  _
+ 15​
5

So, 5 × 143 = _ . Math Construct arguments and

Talk MP
critique reasoning of others.
How do you know your
answer is reasonable?

Chapter 3 • Lesson 6   107

 Example 2 Use expanded form.

The gift shop at the animal park orders 3 boxes of toy animals.
Each box has 1,250 toy animals. How many toy animals does
the shop order?
Multiply. 3 × 1,250

STEP 1 STEP 2

Write 1,250 in expanded form. Use the Distributive Property. Add the partial products.

3 × 1,250 = 3 × ( _ + _ + _ )

= (3 × 1,000) + ( _ × _ ) + ( _ × _ )

So, the shop ordered __ animals.

Share and Show Math

Board

1. Find 4 × 213. Use expanded form.

200 10 3

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©LIGHTFIELD STUDIOS/Adobe Stock
4 × 213 = _ × ( _ + _ + _ )

= ( _ × _ ) + ( _ × _ ) + ( _ × _ ) Use the Distributive

Property.

=_+_+_
Math
=_ Talk MP Attend to precision.

How did using the

Record the product. Use expanded form to help. Distributive Property make
finding the product easier?
2. 4 × 59 = _ 3. 3 × 288 = _

108 Go Math! Grade 4

 Name

On Your Own
Record the product. Use expanded form to help.
4. 4 × 21 = __ 5. 6 × 35 = __

6. A hotel has 128 rooms on each floor. There 7. Ben wants to buy 2 blue sweaters for $19
are 4 floors in all. If 334 of the rooms in the each and 3 brown sweaters for $44 each.
hotel have been cleaned, how many rooms How much will Ben spend on the five
still need to be cleaned? sweaters?

8. A jeweler has 36 inches of silver chain. She needs

Show the Math
5 times that much to make some necklaces and 3 times
that amount to make some bracelets. How much silver Demonstrate Your Thinking
chain does the jeweler need to make her necklaces and
bracelets?

9. Naveena walks her dog 3 times a day. Each time she walks
her dog, she walks 1,760 yards. How many yards does she
walk her dog in 3 days?

10. MP What expression could you write to show

how to multiply 9 × 856 using place value and
expanded form?

11. Lupita bought 4 packages of tacks. There are 48 tacks in a

package. She used 160 of the tacks to put up posters. How
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

many tacks does she have left? Explain.

Chapter 3 • Lesson 6   109

 Problem Solving · Applications Real
World

Use the table for 12–13.

Sacco Nursery Plant Sale Prices per Tree

Regular Discounted Price

Tree Price (4 or more)

Flowering Cherry $59 $51

Italian Cypress $79 $67
Muskogee Crape Myrtle $39 $34
Royal Empress $29 $25

12. What is the total cost of 3 Italian cypress trees?

13. Tanya says that the difference in the

cost of 4 flowering cherry trees and on the Show the Math
Spot
4 Muskogee crape myrtles is $80. Demonstrate Your Thinking
Is she correct? Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (tc) ©Daniel Dempster Photography/Alamy
14. Write Math What is the greatest possible product of
a 2-digit number and a 1-digit number? Explain how
you know.

15. Multiply 5 × 381 using place value and expanded form. Select a
number from each box to complete the expression.

(5 ×   30 ) + (5 × 8 ) + (5 × 1 )
300 80 10

110 Go Math! Grade 4

 LESSON 3.6
Name
Practice and Homework
Multiply Using Expanded Form

Record the product. Use expanded form to help.

98
1. 7 × 14 = ___ 2. 8 × 43 = ___

7 × 14 = 7 × (10 + 4)

= (7 × 10) + (7 × 4)

= 70 + 28

= 98
3. 6 × 532 = ___ 4. 5 × 923 = ___

Problem Solving Real

World

5. The fourth-grade students at Riverside 6. There are 5,280 feet in one mile. Fatima
School are going on a field trip. There are likes to walk 5 miles each week for
68 students on each of the 4 buses. How exercise. How many feet does Fatima walk
many students are going on the field trip? each week?

7. Write Math Explain how you can find 3 × 584 using expanded
form.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Chapter 3 • Lesson 6   111

Lesson Check
8. Write an expression that shows how to 9. Sue uses the expression
multiply 7 × 256 using expanded form and (8 × 3,000) + (8 × 200) + (8 × 9) to help
the Distributive Property. solve a multiplication problem. What is
Sue’s multiplication problem?

Spiral Review
10. What is another way to write 9 × 200? 11. What is the value of the digit 4 in 46,000?

12. Zaide bought 6 packages of napkins for his 13. List these numbers in order from least to
restaurant. There were 200 napkins in each greatest.
package. How many napkins did Zaide buy?
8,251; 8,125; 8,512
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

112  Go Math! Grade 4

 CHAPTER 3

Name Lesson 7
Multiply Using Partial Products
I Can use different strategies such as place value and
partial products to multiply by a 1-digit number.

UNLOCK the Problem Real

World
How can you use what you know about the • How can you write 182 as a sum
Distributive Property to break apart numbers to find of hundreds, tens, and ones?
products of 3-digit and 1-digit numbers?

Use place value and partial products.

Multiply. 6 × 182   Estimate. 6 × 200 = __

SHADE THE MODEL THINK AND RECORD

STEP 1
100 80 2   
​  182​
×    6
_
6 → M ultiply the hundreds.
6 × 1 hundred = 6 hundreds

STEP 2 ​ ​ 
100 80 2   
182​
×   6
_
600
   
6
Multiply the tens.
→
    6 × 8 tens = 48 tens

STEP 3 100 80 2 ​ ​   

182​
×   6
_
    600
6 480
   
→  ultiply the ones.
M
6 × 2 ones = 12 ones

STEP 4 100 80 2 ​  182​

  
×   6
_
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

​ ​   600​
6     480
+ 12
__ →
Add the partial products.

So, 6 × 182 = 1,092. Since 1,092 is close to the

estimate of 1,200, it is reasonable. Math MP Attend to precision.
Talk
How can you use the
Distributive Property to
find 4 × 257?

Chapter 3 • Lesson 7   113

 Example
Use place value and partial products.

Multiply. 2 × 4,572  Estimate. 2 × 5,000 = __

​    
4,572
×   2
__
→
2 × 4 thousands = 8 thousands
→
2 × 5 hundreds = 1 thousand
→
2 × 7 tens = 1 hundred 4 tens
→
2 × 2 ones = 4 ones
+
→
Add the partial products.

Share and Show Math

Board

1. Use the model to find 2 × 137.

100 30 7 ​   
137​
×
_ 2
2

Estimate. Then record the product.

2. Estimate: __ 3. Estimate: __ 4.     Estimate: __

​    
190​ ​    
471​ ​     
$3,439​
×   3
__ ×   4
__ ×   7
__
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

+ +
+

Math Construct arguments and

Talk MP
critique reasoning of others.
Explain how using place value
and expanded form makes it
easier to find products.
114 Go Math! Grade 4
 Name

On Your Own
Estimate. Then record the product.

5. Estimate: __ 6. Estimate: __ 7. Estimate: __

    
​   $53​ ​     
$473​ ​     608​
×    
__ 4 ×    
__ 9 ×      6
__

+
+ +

Practice: Copy and Solve Estimate. Then record the product.

8. 2 × 78 9. 2 × $210 10. 9 × $682 11. 8 × 8,145

MP Find the missing digit.

12.     
​      5​ 13.    
​  248​ 14. ​     
$395​ 15.     ​
​   3,748
×   7
__ ×  3
__ ×   4
__
×   
__
    455 44 1 ,992
$2,370

16. A store bought 9 cases of light bulbs in May 17. Mr. Yilmaz saved $2,500 to buy airline tickets
and 8 cases in June. There are 48 light bulbs for his family. He bought 6 airline tickets
in a case. How many light bulbs did the store for $372 each. How much of the money he
buy in May and June? saved does Mr. Yilmaz have after he buys the
tickets?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

18. Coach Ramirez bought 8 cases of bottled water for a road race. There
are 24 bottles in each case. After the race, 34 bottles of water were
left. How many bottles were used at the race? Explain.

Chapter 3 • Lesson 7   115

 Problem Solving · Applications Real
World

19. MP Look at the picture. Kylie has 832 songs

on her portable media player. Lance has
3 times as many songs. How many fewer
songs can Lance add to his player than Kylie
can add to hers?

20. Denzel wants to buy the new portable media

player shown. He has 5 times as many songs
as Merlyn. Merlyn has 1,146 songs. Will all of
his songs fit on the portable media player?
How many songs does Denzel have?

Show the Math

21. The sum of a 3-digit number Demonstrate Your Thinking
and a 1-digit number is 217.
on the
The product of the numbers Spot
is 642. If one number is
between 200 and 225, what
are the numbers?

22. Mrs. Mohammed bought 6 gallons of juice for a

party. Each gallon has 16 cups. After the party, 3 cups
of juice were left over. At the party, how many cups
did people drink? Show your work and explain how
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

you found your answer.

116 Go Math! Grade 4

 LESSON 3.7
Name
Practice and Homework
Multiply Using Partial Products

Estimate. Then record the product.

1. Estimate: 1,200
_ 2. Estimate: _ 3. Estimate: _ 4. Estimate: _

​    
243​ ​    
640​ ​     
$149​ ​ 
   721​
×  
__ 6 ×  
__ 3 ×   5
__ ×  
__ 8
1,200
   240​
+   18
__
1,458

5. Estimate: _ 6. Estimate: _ 7. Estimate: _ 8. Estimate: _

​    
293​ ​  $416​
     ​    
961​ ​    
837​
×   4
__ ×     6
__ ×  
__ 2 ×  
__ 9

Problem Solving Real

World

9. A maze at a county fair is made from 10. Pedro gets 8 hours of sleep each night. How
275 bales of hay. The maze at the state fair many hours does Pedro sleep in a year with
is made from 4 times as many bales of hay. 365 days?
How many bales of hay are used for the maze
at the state fair?

11. Write Math Explain how you can find 4 × 754 using two different
methods.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Chapter 3 • Lesson 7   117

Lesson Check
12. A passenger jet flies at an average speed 13. Use the model to find 3 × 157.
of 548 miles per hour. At that speed, how 100 50 7
many miles does the plane travel in
4 hours?
3

Spiral Review
14. The school fun fair made $1,768 on games 15. Use the table below.
and $978 on food sales. How much money
State Population
did the fun fair make on games and food
sales? North Dakota 646,844
Alaska 698,473
Vermont 621,760

List the states from least to greatest

population.

16. A National Park covers 218,375 acres. What 17. Last year a business had profits of $8,000.
is this number written in expanded form? This year its profits are 5 times as great.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What are this year’s profits?

118  Go Math! Grade 4

 CHAPTER 3

Name Lesson 8
Multiply Using Mental Math
I Can multiply numbers using mental math and
­properties of operations.

UNLOCK the Problem Real

World
Properties of Multiplication can make multiplication easier.

There are 4 sections of seats in the Playhouse

Theater. Each section has 7 groups of seats.
Each group has 25 seats. How many seats are
there in the theater?

Find 4 × 7 × 25.

4 × 7 × 25 = 4 × 25 × 7 Commutative Property

= __ × 7 Think: 4 × 25 = 100

= __ Think: 100 × 7 = 700

So, there are 700 seats in the theater.

25 seats
Stage

Math Look for and make use of

Talk
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (t) ©Getty Images/Digital Vision

MP
Try This! Use mental math and properties. structure.
What do you know about
4 × 25 that will help you
A Find (6 × 10) × 10. find 6 × 25?
(6 × 10) × 10 = 6 × (10 × 10) Associative Property

= 6 × __ Remember
The Associative Property
= __ of Multiplication states
that you can group factors
B Find (4 × 9) × 250. in different ways and get
the same product. Use
(4 × 9) × 250 = 250 × (4 × 9) Commutative Property
parentheses to group the
= (250 × 4) × 9 Associative Property factors you multiply first.

= __ × 9

= __

Chapter 3 • Lesson 8   119

 More Strategies Choose the strategy that works best with the
numbers in the problems.

Example
A Use friendly numbers. B Use halving and doubling.
Multiply. 24 × 250 Multiply. 16 × 50

Think: 24 = 6 × 4 and 4 × 250 = 1,000 Think: 16 can be divided evenly by 2.

24 × 250 = 6 × 4 × 250 16 ÷ 2 = 8 Find half of 16.

= 6 × ________ 8 × 50 = ________ Multiply.

= ________ 2 × 400 = ________    Double 400.

C Use addition. D Use subtraction.

Multiply. 4 × 625 Multiply. 5 × 398

Think: 625 is 600 plus 25. Think: 398 is 2 less than 400.
4 × 625 = 4 × (600 + 25) 5 × 398 = 5 × (400 − 2)

= (4 × 600) + (4 × 25) = (5 × ________) − (5 × 2)

= ________ + ________ = 2,000 − ________

= ________ = ________

• What property is being used in Examples C and D?

Share and Show Math

Board

1. Break apart the factor 112 to find 7 × 112

by using mental math and addition.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

7 × 112 = 7 × (________ + 12)

= __________________________

= __________________________

= __________________________

120 Go Math! Grade 4

 Name

Find the product. Tell which strategy you used.

2. 4 × 6 × 50 3. 5 × 420 4. 6 × 298

Math Construct arguments and

Talk MP
critique reasoning of others.
On Your Own How is using an addition
strategy related to using a
subtraction strategy?
Find the product. Tell which strategy you used.

5. 14 × 50 6. 32 × 25 7. 8 × 25 × 23

Use a strategy to find the product.

8. 16 × 400 9. 3 × 31 × 10 10. 3 × 199 11. 3 × 1,021

MP Use mental math to find the unknown number.

12. 21 × 40 = 840, so 21 × 42 = _______. 13. 9 × 60 = 540, so 18 × 30 = _______.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

14. The science museum sells dinosaur models 15. Russell and Farrah each buy 6 books of ride
to schools and libraries for $107 each. tickets at the fair. Each book has 15 tickets.
The town library buys 3 models. The town How many tickets do they buy altogether?
elementary school buys 5 models. What is
the total cost of the models the town buys?

Chapter 3 • Lesson 8   121

 Problem Solving · Applications Real
World
Use the table for 16–18.

16. Three thousand, forty-three people buy tickets at Arena Ticket Prices Per Game
the gate for Section N and one hundred people buy Full 15-Game Gate
tickets at the gate for Section L. How much money is Section Season Plan Price
collected for Section N and Section L at the gate? K $44 $46 $48
L $30 $32 $35
M $25 $27 $30
17. MP Tina and 3 of her friends buy the full season
N $20 $22 $25
plan for Section M. If there are 45 games in the full
season, how much money do they spend?

18. When the full season tickets first went

on sale, 2,000 full season tickets sold Show the Math
for Section N. Two weeks after the on the Demonstrate Your Thinking
tickets first went on sale, another Spot
1,500 full season tickets were sold for
Section N. How much money was spent
on full season tickets for Section N in total?
How much more money was spent when the tickets
first went on sale than after the first two weeks?

19. Jose and Daru are given an equation.

6 × 407 = 2,442

Jose says the equation is false.

Daru says the equation is true.
Who is correct? Explain. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

122 Go Math! Grade 4

 LESSON 3.8
Name
Practice and Homework
Multiply Using Mental Math

Find the product. Tell which strategy you used.

1. 6 × 297 Think: 297 = 300 − 3

     6 × 297 = 6 × (300 − 3)
     = (6 × 300) − (6 × 3)
   = 1,800 − 18
1,782;
   = 1,782
use subtraction

2. 14 × 25 × 4 3. 8 × 604 4. 50 × 28

Problem Solving Real

World

5. Section J in an arena has 20 rows. Each row 6. At a high-school gym, the bleachers are
has 15 seats. All tickets cost $18 each. If all divided into 6 equal sections. Each section
the seats are sold, how much money will the can seat 395 people. How many people can
arena collect for Section J? be seated in the gym?

7. Write Math Show how to multiply 6 × 298 using friendly

numbers and then using properties and mental math. Write about
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

which method you like better and why.

Chapter 3 • Lesson 8   123

Lesson Check
8. Pencils come in cartons of 24 boxes. A 9. The school also bought 195 packages
school bought 50 cartons of pencils for the of markers. There are 6 markers in each
start of school. Each box of pencils cost package. How many markers did the school
$2. How much did the school spend on buy?
pencils?

Spiral Review
10. Alex has 175 baseball cards. Raul has 11. A theater seats 1,860 people. The last
3 times as many baseball cards as Alex. 6 shows have been sold out. Estimate the
How many fewer cards does Alex have total number of people attending the last
than Raul? 6 shows.

12. At one basketball game, there were 13. Tell whether each equation is true or false.
1,207 people. At the next game, there were
958 people. How many people were at the
a. 4 × 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 __
two games? b. 2 × 6 = 6 + 6  __
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

c. 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 8 × 2

 __
d. 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 5 × 5  __

124  Go Math! Grade 4

 CHAPTER 3

Name Lesson 9
Multi-Step Multiplication Problems
I Can solve real-world problems involving
­multiplication of whole numbers.

UNLOCK the Problem Real

World
At the sea park, one section in the stadium has
9 rows with 18 seats in each row. In the center of
each of the first 6 rows, 8 seats are in the splash
zone. How many seats are not in the splash zone?

Use the graphic organizer to help you solve the problem.

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find? I drew a diagram of the section to show
9 rows of 18 seats. In the center, I outlined a section
I need to find the number of seats that to show the 6 rows of 8 seats in the splash zone.

__ in the splash zone. 18 seats

What information do I need to use?

9
There are 9 rows with __ seats in Splash rows
6
rows
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©WizData, Inc/Shutterstock

each row of the section. Zone

There are 6 rows with __ seats in
each row of the splash zone. 8 seats

How will I use the information?

I can __ to find both the number of ​    

18​ ​    
8​
seats in the section and the number of seats in _× 9 _×6
t otal
the splash zone.
→ → s eats in the
number of
splash zone
seats in the
section

1. What else do you need to do to solve the problem?

Chapter 3 • Lesson 9   125

 Try Another Problem
At the sea park, one section of the shark
theater has 8 rows with 14 seats in each row.
In the middle of the section, 4 rows of
6 seats are reserved. How many seats
are not reserved?

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find?

What information do I need to use?

How will I use the information?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (t) ©Ingram Publishing/Alamy

Math Reason abstractly and

Talk MP
quantitatively.
How do you know your
2. How did your diagram help you solve the problem? answer is correct?

126 Go Math! Grade 4

Name

Unlock the Problem

Share and Show Math
Board √ Use the Problem Solving MathBoard
√ Underline important facts.
1. The seats in Sections A and B of the stadium are all
√ Choose a strategy you know.
taken for the last show. Section A has 8 rows of
14 seats each. Section B has 6 rows of 16 seats each.
How many people are seated in Sections A and B for the last show?

First, draw and label a diagram. Next, find the number of

seats in each section.

Section A Section B

Last, find the total number of seats. __ + __ = __

There are __ people seated in Sections A and B

for the last show. Show the Math
Demonstrate Your Thinking
2. What if Sections A and B each had 7 rows? How many
people would have been seated in Sections A and B?

3. Mei’s vegetable garden has 13 rows with 8 plants in

each row. Mei plans to plant peppers in the first 2 rows
and the last 2 rows of the garden. The rest of the rows will be
tomatoes. How many tomato plants will Mei plant?

4. There are 8 rows of 22 chairs set up for an awards

ceremony at the school. In each row, the 2 chairs on
each end are reserved for students receiving awards.
The rest of the chairs are for guests. How many chairs
are there for guests?

Chapter 3 • Lesson 9   127

 On Your Own
Use the graph for problems 5–6.

5. Mr. Torres took his students to the dolphin show.

Each row in the stadium had 11 seats. One adult sat at
each end of a row, and each group of 4 students was
seated between 2 adults. Mr. Torres sat by himself. Sea Park Field Trips
How many adults were there?
Ms. Bird

Teacher
Mr. Torres
Mrs. Ahmed’s
6. Write Math Another stadium section has 24 rows
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
of 10 seats each. Describe at least two ways Number of Students
Mrs. Ahmed’s class can sit if an equal number of
students sits in each row.

Show the Math

Demonstrate Your Thinking

7. Afreen, Tori, and Liz each bought a toy fish. Afreen’s

fish is 10 inches longer than Tori’s fish. Liz’s fish is
2 inches longer than twice the length of Tori’s fish.
Tori’s fish is 12 inches long. Find the length of each
toy fish.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Doug Norman/Alamy

8. MP Nell made a secret code. Each code word has
2 letters. Each word begins with a consonant and ends
with a vowel. How many code words can Nell make
with 3 consonants and 2 vowels?

9. Allie is building a patio. The patio will have 8 tiles

in each of 13 rows. She has already built the center
section with 4 tiles in each of 7 rows. How many
more tiles are needed to complete the patio? Show
your work.

128 Go Math! Grade 4

 LESSON 3.9
Name
Practice and Homework
Multi-Step Multiplication Problems

Solve each problem.

1. A community park has 6 tables with a chessboard

painted on top. Each board has 8 rows of
8 squares. When a game is set up, 4 rows of
8 squares on each board are covered with chess
pieces. If a game is set up on each table, how
many total squares are NOT covered by chess
pieces?

  4 × 8 = 32
6 × 32 = ■
192 squares
____

2. Jonah and his friends go apple

picking. Jonah fills 5 baskets. Each
basket holds 15 apples. If 4 of
Jonah’s friends pick the same amount
as Jonah, how many apples do Jonah
and his friends pick in all? Draw a
diagram to solve the problem.

____

3. Write Math Write a word problem that can be solved

using multiplication of two-digit numbers. Solve your word
problem and explain the solution.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Chapter 3 • Lesson 9   129

Lesson Check
4. At a tree farm, there are 9 rows of 5. Kai is tiling a countertop. He needs to place
36 spruce trees. In each row, 14 of the 54 square tiles in each of 8 rows to cover
spruce trees are blue spruce. How many the counter. He wants to randomly place
spruce trees are NOT blue spruce? 8 groups of 4 blue tiles each and have the
rest of the tiles be white. How many white
tiles will Kai need?

Spiral Review
6. Juan reads a book with 368 pages. Savannah 7. Hailey has bottles that hold 678 pennies
reads a book with 172 fewer pages than each. About how many pennies does she
Juan’s book. How many pages are in the have if she has 6 bottles filled with pennies?
book Savannah reads?

8. Terrence plants a garden that has 8 rows of 9. Ivan has 5 fish in his fish tank.
flowers, with 28 flowers in each row. How Jasmine has 4 times as many fish
many flowers did Terrence plant? as Ivan has. How many fish does
Jasmine have?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

130  Go Math! Grade 4

 CHAPTER 3

Name Lesson 10
Multiply 3-Digit and 4-Digit
Numbers with Regrouping
I Can multiply whole numbers using estimation,
rounding, and place value.

UNLOCK the Problem Real

World
Alley Spring, in Missouri, produces an
average of 567 million gallons of water
per week. How many million gallons of
water do the springs produce in 3 weeks?
Multiply. 3 × 567

Estimate. 3 × __ = __

THINK RECORD

STEP 1

Multiply the ones.

2​
5​ 6​7​
​    Regroup the 21 ones
3 × 7 ones = _ ones
×   3
_ as 2 tens 1 one.
Regroup the 21 ones.
1

STEP 2

Multiply the tens.

2 ​2 ​
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©[Link]/Shutterstock

5​​ 6​7​
​ ​    Regroup 20 tens
3 × 6 tens = _ tens ×   3 as 2 hundreds 0 tens.
_
Add the regrouped tens. 01
18 tens + 2 tens = 20 tens
Regroup the 20 tens.

STEP 3

Multiply the hundreds. 2 ​2 ​

  
​ ​  5​​ 6​7​ 17 hundreds is the same as
3 × 5 hundreds = _ hundreds __×   3 1 thousand 7 hundreds.
Add the regrouped hundreds. 1,701
15 hundreds + 2 hundreds = 17 hundreds

So, Alley Spring produces __ million gallons

of water in 3 weeks.

Chapter 3 • Lesson 10   131

 Example Organism Migration
Use an estimate or an exact answer.
Organism Miles
Many organisms move from one place
caribou 838
to another. This movement is called
migration. The table shows how far humpback
3,786
whale
different organisms have migrated.
bat 325

A About how far will a caribou and a monarch

1,299
humpback whale travel in 2 migrations? butterfly

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Estimate the distance for the Estimate the distance for the Add to estimate the
caribou. humpback whale. total distance.

2 × 838 2 × 3,786

+
______
2 × 800 = __ 2 × 4,000 = __

So, in 2 migrations, a caribou and a humpback whale Math Construct arguments and
will travel about 9,600 miles. Talk MP
critique reasoning of others.
How did you use the
B Which pair of organisms travel farther in 2 migrations: a information to know that
bat and a monarch butterfly or a caribou and a humpback you needed an estimate?
whale? How much farther?

Bat Monarch Total Caribou Humpback Total

butterfly Distance whale Distance

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Loetscher Chlaus/Alamy

​    
325​ ​  1,299​
    ​    838
   ​ ​    
3,786​
×  2
__ ×   2
__ +
__ ×  2
__ ×    2
__ +
__

Subtract to compare the ​ 

     9,248​
total distances.    
__ − 3,248

Math
Talk MP Attend to precision.

So, the ______ would migrate How did you use the
information to know
_ miles farther than the _____. that you needed an exact
answer?

132 Go Math! Grade 4

 Name

Share and Show Math

Board

1. Tell what is happening in Step 1 STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4

of the problem. 2​ 4 ​2 ​ 1 ​ 4 ​2 ​ 1 ​ 4​2 ​
1,2​  7​4​
​      1,​  2​​  7​4​
​      1​,​  2​​  7​4​
​ ​     1​,​  2 ​​  7​4​
​ ​    
×
__ 6 ×
__ 6 ×
__ 6 ×
__ 6
4 44 644 7,644

Estimate. Then find the product.

2. Estimate: __ 3. Estimate: __ 4. Estimate: __

​    
603​ ​     
1,935​ ​     
$8,326​
×    4
__ ×    7
__ ×    
__ 5

Math
Talk MP Attend to precision.

Explain how you can use

estimation to find how many
On Your Own digits the product 4 × 1,861
will have.
Estimate. Then find the product.

5. Estimate: __ 6. Estimate: __ 7. Estimate: __

​     
$3,316​ ​     
$2,900​ ​     
$4,123​
×    8
__ ×    7
__ ×    6
__

8. Mr. Xiang has $5,400 to buy supplies for the school

computer lab. He buys 8 boxes of printer ink that cost
$149 each and 3 printers that cost $1,017 each. How much
money will Mr. Xiang have left after he buys the printer
ink and printers?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Compare. Write <, >, or = .

9. 5 × 352 ● 4 × 440 10. 6 × 8,167 ● 9,834 × 5 11. 3,956 × 4 ● 5 × 7,692
12. 740 × 7 ● 8 × 658 13. 4 × 3,645 ● 5 × 2,834 14. 6,573 × 2 ● 4,365 × 3

Chapter 3 • Lesson 10   133

 Problem Solving · Applications Real
World
15. Airplane tickets to Fairbanks, Alaska, will
cost $958 each. Airplane tickets to Vancouver,
Canada, will cost $734. How much can the four Show the Math
members of the Harrison family save on airfare Demonstrate Your Thinking
by vacationing in Vancouver?

16. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is 2,147 miles on the

from Salt Lake City, Utah, and 2,868 miles from Spot
Portland, Oregon. What is the difference in the
round-trip distances between Philadelphia and
each of the other two cities? Explain whether you
need an estimate or an exact answer.

17. MP Vahe says that the product of a 4-digit

number and a 1-digit number is always a 4-digit
number. Does Vahe’s statement make sense?
Explain.

18. What number is 150 more than the product

of 5 and 4,892? Explain how you found the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

answer.

134 Go Math! Grade 4