South America
Panama is connected with South America
by isthmus of Panama
Brazil is the largest country in south
America
5th largest country in the world
• Countries according to area
• RCUCB
• Russia
• Canada
• US
• China
• Brazil
Landlocked
• Total 2
• Paraguay
• Bolivia
Andes Mountain Range
•Worlds largest mountain range
•Length:7000 km
•Highest point : Mt, Acancagua
•Height :6700 m
Highest capital in the
world
•La Paz
•Capital of Bolivia
•In Andes mountain
range
•Height: 3880m
Lake Titica
• Highest lake in the world •
Height : 3810 m On the
border of Peru and
Bolivia
Angel falls
• In Venezuela
• In Andes mountain range
• Highest fall in the world
• Height: 979m
Amazon River
• In Andes mountain range
• Worlds largest river in the world
• Length: 6400 km
• Amazon River mostly flows from Brazil and falls into Atlantic
ocean
• There is Amazon forest along with Amazon river
Parana River
• 2nd largest river of South America
• Length : 4880 km
Atacama Desert
• Between Argentina and Chile
• Here anaconda found
Pampas plains
• Argentina
Brazil
• Capital: Brasilia
• Currency: Real
• Rio de janeiro famous city
• Santa’s port in Brazil is famous for coffee export
• Famous for football game
• FIFA world cup winner ( 5 times)
Equator passes from total 3 countries
• ECB
• Ecuador
• Columbia
• Brazil
Total 13
countries
• Chile: Santiago
• Copper
production
• Argentina: Aeries Buries
• Bolivia : La paz
• Uraguay: Montevideo
• Peru : Lima district
• Equador : Quito
• 2 Nd highest capital of the world
• Height: 2850 m
•Columbia :Bagota
•Venezuela: Caracus
•Guinea : George Town
•Suriname: paramarabo
•Paraguay: Asansian
Currencies
• Chile + Argentina+ uraguay+ columbia= Peso
• Guinea + Suriname+ Equador : Dollar
• Peru: Sole
• Brazil: Real
• Bolivia + Venezuela: Boliva
• Paraguay: Gua Rani
North America
Map
Davis strait
• Join Atlantic ocean with arctic ocean
• Separates Canada from greenland
Rocky mountain range
• Starts from Alaska to
• Canada and then in USA
• 2nd largest in the world
• Length: 4800 km
• Highest point : Denali
• / [Link] 6190 m height
Great lakes of USA
•5
• 20% of fresh water in world is the part of these lakes
• 1) Lake superior
• 2) Lake Michigan
• 3) Lake Huron
• 4) Lake Erie
• 5) Lake ontario
Bering strait
• Separates Alaska from Russia
• Joins arctic ocean with Pacific ocean
Ring of fire
• In Pacific ocean
Missi Sippi River
• Father of River
Gulf of Mexico
• Largest gulf in the world
Roie river
• Worlds smallest river
USA
• Total 50 states
• New York it’s capital till 1776- 1801
• Worlds largest city by area
• Known as Big Apple
• Situated on the bank of Hudson river
• Currency : Dollar
Current capital
• Washington D.C
• District of columbia
• Situated on the bank of potamas river
• City of magnificent distances
• Largest state of USA by area: Alaska
• 17 lac km area
Central American countries
• Total 7
Trick to remember
• Be : Belize
• Gu. : Guatamala
• Al. : El- slvador
• Ho. : Hondorus
• Ni. : Nicaragua
• Co. : Costa Rica
• Panama
Panama canal
• Join Pacific ocean with Atlantic ocean
• Length: 82 km
• Started in 1903 and completed in 1914
Carribbean countries
• Total 5
Trick to remember
• Ba Bahamas
• Cu cuba
• Ja. Jamaica
• Hates. Haiti
• West indies
Canada
• Get independence from UK in 1867
• Currency: Canadian dollar
• Capital: Ottawa
• Gibraltar of west : Quebec
• Land of lilies
• Land of maple leaf
• Horse shoe bay
Cuba
• Cuba capital: Havana
• Currency: Peso
• President: Miguel Diaz – Cancel
• Sugar bowl of the world
Jamaica
• Capital: Kingston
• Currency: Jamaican Dollar
• Chriss Gayle belongs to Jamaica
• Usain bolt also belongs to Jamaica
• Fastest sprinter
• 100 m race
• Complete in 9.58 sec
Mexico
• Capital: Mexico city
• Currency: Peso
• Smuggling
Florida strait
• Between Cuba and florida
Bermuda triangle
• In North America
• In Atlantic ocean
About Punjab public
service commission
•100 Mcqs
•90 Minutes Duration
USA History
• Columbus in 1492
• Landed on Bahamas on 12 Oct 1492
• He called this continent as New world
• Columbus discovered America
• Americo Vispoicee in 1502
• In 1607: UK Occupied on Verginia
• In 1732 : Occupied 13 states of America
7 years war
•Between UK and France
•1756-1763
•Stamp act 1763
•Sons of Liberty in 1765
•Tea act 1763
•Bosten tea party: 16 Dec, 1773
Independence war of USA
•Started in 1775 and ended in 1783
•Lead by George Washington
•Declares independence on 4th July, 1776
•Thomas Jaffereson write the declaration of
independence
•In 1777 USA launched it’s flag
USA flag
Paris peace agreement
• 1783
• Us Constitution in 1787
• Medison write it
• Enforced in 1789
• Has 7 articles
• Worlds smallest constitution
• UNO has articles 111 and 19 chapters
st
1 president
• George Washington
• 1789- 1797
• 2nd president: John Adams
• 1797- 1801
• Also he is the first vice president
• 3rd president: Thomas Jaffereson
• 1801-1809
• 4th president: Medison
• 1809-1817
• In 1792, Washington D.C becomes capital • President
house : White house
• Name changed to White house in 1901 by Roosevelt
• America occupied Lusinia in 1803
• Then America purchased Florida from Spain in 1819
• Texas in 1845
Mexico American war
• 1846-1848
• Btw America and Mexico
• America won
• America occupied three states of Mexico
• Arizona
• Naveda
• California : Biggest state of America by population
California
• Silicon valley : famous due to computer industry
• Death valley: Deepest and hottest point of USA
• Wall street : Famous due to stock exchange of
USA
• Hollywood industry: In los Angeles
• Golden gate bridge : In San Francisco
Party system
•America has two party system
•Democratic party
•Republican party
•Democratic party founded by Thomas
Jaffereson in 1792
•Republican party founded by Alexander
Himlton in 1854
Abraham Lincoln
• 16th president
• 1860-1865
• Belongs to republican party
• Civil war in USA
• 1861-1865
• He abolished slavery in 1865 by making 13 amendments
• He was murdered in 1865
• In 1867 America purchased Alaska from Russia
• In 1876 Graham Bell invented telephone
• Statue of liberty: Gifted France to USA in 1886
• Statue of liberty is in New York
• Right hand : Torch
• Left hand : Booklet
• On foot: Broken chain
Us – Spain war in 1898
America occupied on Hawaii state in 1898
Consist of islands
In Pacific ocean
Peteorica in 1898
It is a island not included in state
Guam in 1898
•In 1903, Wright brothers made
aeroplane
•Panama [Link] 1914
World war I
• 1914-1918
• Allied powers : France, UK ,USA and Russia
• Central power: Austria, Germany , Italy
• Murder of Ferdinand
• America became the part of war in 1917
• Treaty of Versailles in 1919
• USA president: Widow Wilson
• League of nation in 1920
Great Depression in USA
•1929
•Wall street crashed
F.D Roosevelt
•1933-1945
World war II
• 1939-1945
• Allied powers : UK, France ,USA became part in 1941
• Axis power: Germany, Japan ,Italy
• Hitler attacked on Poland
• USA fire first atomic bomb on 6 th august, 1945 on Hiroshima
• Named little boy
• 2 Nd fire on 9th aug, 1945 on Nagasaki
• Named fat man
•Herry True man ordered to fire the atomic
bomb
•Britain woods conference in 1944
•USA + UK + France
•World bank in 1944
•IMF in 1945
• Headquarter: Washington
• Roosevelt made UNO in 1945
• Named it
• Longest tenure in American History: F.D Roosevelt
• Belongs to Democratic party
• 4 times president
• Died in April, 1945
Cold war
• 1948-1991
• Btw USSR and USA
• USA formed NATO in 1949
• Military alliance against USSR
• Headquarter: Brussels, Belgium
• Members : 32
• Warsaw pact 1955 by USSR against NATO
• Pakistan is with USA
Korean war
• 1950-1953
• btw North Korea and south Korea
• War of capitalism and communism North korea supports
communism
South Korea supports capitalism USA is
with South Korea
Russia and China supports north korea
North Korea won
U-2 Incident
•In 1960
•USA president during this incident : D.D
Eisenhower
Remaining president
• Herry Trueman
• 1945-1953
• D.D Eisenhower
• 1953-1961
• First president who visited Pakistan on 1955
John [Link] 1961- 1963
•Youngest president in the history of USA
•He was murdered in 1963
•Cuban Missile crises in 1962
•Russia in Cuba
•America in turkey
Johnson 1963-1969
• Came Pakistan in 1967
• Richard Nixon (1969- 1974)
• Came paksitan in 1969
• Only president in the history of USA who resigned
due to Watergate scandal in 1974
• Watergate scandal in 1972
Vietnam war
•1954-1975
•Btw north and south Vietnam
•America became the part of Vietnam war
in 1964 and left it in 1973 by making
Paris peace agreement in 1973
Gerlad ford ( 1974-1977)
• Jimmy carter ( 1977-1981)
• Iran Revolution (1979)
• Operation eagle 1980
• Operation will unsuccessful
USSR attacks Afghanistan
•24 Dec, 1979
•Left in 1989
•USSR breaks in 26 Dec, 1991
•Cold war ended
Camp David Agreement
• Btw Anwar sadat and Being
• Israel and Egypt
• Egypt accepted Israel
• Anwar sadat was awarded with Nobel prize due to
[Link] agreement
Ronald Reagen
•1981-1989
•He was a actor
Bush senior ( 1989-1993)
• [Link] (1993-2001)
• Came Pakistan in 2000
• Bush junior ( 2001-2009)
• Came Pakistan in 2006
• 9/11 incident in 2001
• America attacked on Afghanistan 7 Oct,2001
• Then Doha agreement on 29th Feb, 2020 btw America and
Afghanistan
Iran – Iraq war 1980-1988
• Iraq – Kuwait war ( 1990-199
• Barak Hussain Obama ( 2009-2017)
• 1st black president in the history of USA
• Received Nobel peace prize in 2009
• Operation Neptune speare (2011)
Donald Trump (2017-2021)
• On 6th Jan , 2021 he attacks at capital hill
• Joe Biden ( 2021-tiol now)
• 46th president of USA
• Vice president: Kamala Harris
• 49th vice president
• America ‘s election will be held in 1st Tuesday of November after every
4 years
• America parliament: Congress
• House of representative : 435 members
• Senate:100 members
Presidents who were murdered
•Total 4
•Abraham Lincoln in 1865
•Garfold in 1881
•Mickenly in 1901
•J.F Kennedy in 1963
•Martin Luther king in 1968
Presidents who came in Pakistan
•Total 5
•D.D Eisenhower In 1955
•Johnson n in 1967
•Richard Nixon in 1969
•Bill Clinton in 2000
•Bush junior in 2006
Africa Continent
Total 54 countries
• [Link]
• Morocco
• Algeria
• Tunisia
• Libya
• Egypt
• Sudan
Morocco
• Get independence from France in 1956
• Capital : Rabat
• Currency: Moroccan Dirham
• First meeting of OIC Is held in Morocco in 1969.
• University of Fez : oldest university in the world
Algeria
• Largest country of Africaa by area
• Get independence from France in 1962
• Capital: Algiers
• Currency: Algerian Dinar
Tunisia
• Get indepTunisiace from France in 1956
• Capital: Tunis
• Currency: Dinar
• Arab spring started from here
• 2010-2012
• [Link] started
Libya
• Capital: Tripoli
• Currency: Dinar
• 92% area of libya consist of desert
• Hottest point of the world : Azizia
Gulf of sidra
• Between Tunisia and libya
Egypt
• Capital: Cairo
• currency: pound
• Get independence from UK in 1952
• First president: [Link]
• Egypt is a transContinental country
• In Asia and africa
Suez canal
• Started in 1859 and completed in 1869.
• Joins Mediterranean sea with Red sea
• Separates Asia from Africa
• Length: 193 km
• Nationalization of Suez canal: in 1956
Sudan
• Get independence form UK
• in 1956
• Capital: Khartoum
• Currency: Pound
South sudan
• Worlds youngest country
• In south of Sudan
• Get independence from Sudan in 2011
• Capital : juba
• Last country which joined UNO
• In 2011
Horn of Africa
S.E.E.D
•Somalia
•Ethiopia
•Eriteria
•Dijibouti
•
Somalia
• Capital: Mogadishu
• Currency: shilling
• Poor country
Ethiopia
• Landlocked
• Abbysinia is the old name
• Of Ethiopia
• Capital: Adis Ababa
• Currency: Birr
• Largest famine hit Ethiopia
• In 1983
Eriteria
• Capital: Asmara
• Currency: Nakfa
Dijibouti
• Capital: Dijibouti city
• Currency: franc
• Assal lake is in
• Dijibouti
• Saltiest lake in
• The world
Lake Victoria
• Fresh water lake
• Largest lake of Africa
• Surrounded by
• TUC countries
• Tanzania
• Uganda
• Kenya
Nile River
• World s longest river
• Length: 6650m
• Falls into Mediterranean sea
• Mostly flows from Egypt
• That comes from lake Victoria is called white Nile
• That comes from lake tana in Ethiopia is called blue Nile
• Blue and white Nile meets at Khartoum
• Blue Nile is the tributary of white nile
• CNN
• Chad
• Niger
• Nigeria
CHAD: largest landlock country of Africa
Nigeria and Niger
Congo river
• Equator passes two times
Congo countries
• DRC
• Democratic republic of Korea
• RC
• Republic of korea
CAR
• Central African republic
• Cameron
Kalahari desert
• On the border of Namibia and Botswana
• In africa
Four corners of africa
Zambia
• Old name : North Rhodesia
• Zambawe: South Rhodesia
• Capital: Harare
Victoria fall
• On the border of Zambia and zimbawe
Mozambique
Madagascar island
• Largest island of Africa
• 4th largest in world
Mozambique strait
• Widest strait of the world
• Btw Madagascar and Mozambique
South Africa
• Capital : cape Town
• Currency: Rand
• Cape of augulus
• Cape of good hope
• Zulu is an important tribe of south Africa
• 1st Portuguese to reach India: Vasco de Gama in 1492
• Nelson Mendela is also from South Africa
• Anti slavery
• Born on 18 July, 1918 : Mandela day
• Nelson Mendela was kept in Robbens island
• Came Pakistan in 1992
• Gave him Nishane Pakistan
• Get Nobel prize in 1993
• Became president in 1994
• Remain 5 years
• Dead in 2013 on 5 December
• 2 Books: Along walk to freedom
• Conversation to myself
Ghana
• Capital: Accra
Famous Personality : Kofi Amman
Remain secretary general of UNO from 1997- 2006
7th
9th secretary general is Antonio guterres
From Portugal
Kofi Annan create deputy secretary-general seat in 1997
Seri Leon
• Capital: Free town
Libaria
• Capital : Monrovia
Senegal
• Capital: Dakar
Burgino Fuso
• Capital: Ouagadougou
Saint Halena island
• In Atlantic ocean
Water of waterloo
• In 1815
• Btw UK and France
• Napoleon is from France
• Duke of wellington is from UK
7 countries in Africa through which
equator pass
• SA. GA. R. DU. K.S
• Sai Tomi principi
• Gaboon
• RC
• DRC
• Uganda
• Kenya
• Somalia
Sahara Desert
• Worlds largest desert
• 11 countries occupied
Atles mountain range
• Largest mountain range of Africa
• Btw Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia
Kilimanjaro Mountain Range
• In Tanzania
• Height : 5900 m
• Table mountain : in South Africa
• Sinai mountain: In Egypt
Great lakes of Africa
Assal lake
• Saltiest lake of world
• In Dijibouti
Lake Tana
• In Ethiopia
Lake Turkana
• On the border of Ethiopia and Kenya
Lake Victoria
• Largest lake of Africa
Lake Albert
• On the border of Uganda and DRC
Lake Edward
• On the border of Rawanda and Brundi
Lake Tanganyika
• Worlds longest lake
• On the border of Tanzania and RC
Lake Malavi
Rift valley
Smallest country of Africa
• Mauritius
• Schyelles
African union
•Founded in 2002 •Qazafi
Sahab
•Belongs to Libya
•Members : 55
•Headquarter: Adis Ababa, Ethiopia
Arabian Peninsula
Peninsula
•a piece of land almost surrounded by water
•Arabian peninsula is worlds largest peninsula
area: 32 lac square km
Hormuz strait
• Joins Persian gulf with gulf of oman
• Separates UAE from iran
Bab – Al – Mandeeb strait
• Joins red sea with gulf of Aden
• Separates Yemen from africa
Arabian desert
• 2nd largest desert in the world
yemen
•Capital : Sana
•News agency : Saba
•Currency : Rial
•Yemen crisis started in 2011
•Yemen get independence from UK in 1967
Oman
• Capital : Mascat
• Currency : Rial
• Get independence from UK in 1951
• Sultan Qaboos
• Pakistan purchased Gwadar from oman in 1958
• PM was Malik Feroz Khan Noon
• Under omans rule 174 years
UAE
7 Emirates
• FURSAAD
• Fujaira
• Ummal Qawain
• Rais Al Khaima
• Sharjah
• Abu Dhabi
• Ajman
• Dubai
• Get independence from UK in 1971
• Head of state : Muhammad Bin Zaid
• Foreign Minister : Abdullah Bin Zaid
• Currency : Dirham
• Burj Khalifa : Highest building in the world is in UAE
• Height : 828m
• Single gulf country which accept Israel on 15th sep, 2020
( Abraham Accord )
• 1st muslim country which accept Israel: Turkey in 1949
• 1st Arab country which accept Israel: Egypt in 1978 ( camp david
agreement).
• UAE Mars Misiion : Hope Probe
• Al-Amal in 2020
Qatar
•Captal : Doha
•AL-JAZEERA : Famous TV channel of Qatar formed in
1996
•2022 FIFA world cup hosted by Qatar.
•Doha Agreement : 29th Feb,2020
•Btw Taliban and America
Bahrain
• Land of pearls
• Smallest Arab country
• Capital : Manama
• Currency : Dinar
• Get independence from Uk in 1971
• King Fahad Causeway
• Length ; 25km
• Constructed in 1986
Kuwait
• Capital : Kuwait city
• Has strongest currency in the world
• Iraq – Kuwait war: 1990-1991
Iraq
• Land of old civilization
• Capital : Baghdad
• Mesopotamia is the old name of Iraq
• Get independence from UK in 1932
• Hanging gardens of Babylon : 600 BC
• Baghdad is on the tigris river
• Amerca invaded on Iraq in 2003
• Halaku khan destroyed Baghdad in 1258
Jordan
• Capital : Aman
• Currency : Dinar
• President : King Abdullah
Saudi Arabia
• In 1932, Ibn- Saud changed Hijaaze Muqadas name to Saudi Arabia
• First king : Ibn- - Saud ( 1932-1953)
• 2nd : Al- Saud (1953-1964)
• 3rd : Shah Faisal ( 1964- 1975)
• Came Pakistan 2 times
• 4th : Shah Khalid ( 1975- 1982)
• 5th : king Fahad Bin Abdul Aziz ( 1982- 2005)
• 6th : Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz (2005-2015)
• 7th: Sulaman bin Abdul Aziz (2015- till now)
• In 1938, fouil reserves in Saudi Arabia
• Muhammad Bin sulaman made modern city Neom or Line city on
red sea coast
• Capital : Riyadh
• Currency: Rial
• 1st PM : Muhammad bin Sulaiman
Gulf Cooperation Council
• Formed in 1981
• Headquarter: Riyadh
• 6 Members
• Oman
• UAE
• Qatar
• Bahrain
• Saudi Arabia
• Kuwait
OPEC
• Organization of petroleum exporting countries
• 1960
• 5 founding members
• Saudi Arabia
• Iraq
• Kuwait
• Iran
• Venezuela
• Headquarter: Vienna , Austria
• Now members: 13
• Qatar left OpEC in 2019
Levant Region
Israel
• Capital : Tal – Avev
• PM : Nathan Yahu
• President: Isaac Hazogl
• Currency: New Shekel
• Parliament: Knesset
• Secret agency: Mossad, Shin bit
Palestine
• Gaza + west bank
• Hamas made by Shekh Ahmad yaseen in 1987
• PLO in west bank
• Palestinian liberation organisation
• Founded in 1964
• Al – Fateh , Organization work in west bank
Dead Sea
• On the border of Jordan and Israel
• Deepest point on earth: Dead sea
• Depth : 420 m
• 2nd saltiest lake of the world
Syria
• Capital: Damascus
• Currency: pound
• Damascus id the oldest capital of world
• President: Basharat –ul- Assad
• Golan heights: on the border of syria
Jordan river
• Main river of Levant Region
• In the west of Jerusalem
• That’s why we called Jerusalem west bank
Yermuk river
•Along with the border of Syria and fall into
Jordan river
Lebanon
• Land of Milk and honey
• Capital: Beirut
• Currency: pound
• Taif agreement in 1989
Hezbollah
• Founded in 1982
• Militant Organization
• Hassan Nasarullah currently lead Hezbollah
Asia
South Asia
South East Asia
North East Asia
Central Asian countries
West Asian Countries
South Asia
• Total 7 countries
• Landlocked countries: 3
• Afghanistan, Nepal and Bhutan
• Consist of island: Sri- Lanka and Maldives
• Muslim countries: 4
• Afghanistan, Pakistan, Maldives and Bangladesh
• Equator pass : Maldives
Afghanistan
• In west of paksitan
• Capital : Kabul
• Currency: Afghani
• Durand line : Border between Pakistan and Afghanistan
• Length : 2610 m
• Create in 1893
Wakhan Corridor
• Area that separated Pakistan from Tajikistan
• Length : 350 km
• Founder of Afghanistan: Ahmad Shah Abdali
• Afghanistan got independence in 19aug , 1919
• Allama iqbal made education policy of Afghanistan in 1934
• Last king of Afghanistan: Zahir Shah
• Taliban made govt in 1996
• 3 countries accept the 1st govt of Afghanistan
• Pak, UAE and Saudi Arabia
• Current caretaker PM: Hassan Akhund
• Foreign Minister: Amir Khan Mutaqi
India
• In east of paksitan
• Capital : Delhi
• Currency: Rupee
• Total states : 28
• Largest by area : Rajasthan
• By population: Uttar Pradesh
Barahamputra River
• Largest river of India Length : 3840km
Sundar Ban Delta
• Largest delta in world made by barahamputra River in Bangladesh
River Jumna / Yumna
• Agra city is on Jumna river
• Taj Mahal is on Jumna river
Frokha dam
• On Ganga river when it enters Bangladesh
• Disputed dam btw India and Bangladesh
India’s flag
•
Current PM : Modi
• President: Durpadi Murmo
• Parliament: sangsad
• Bicameral: 1) upper house ( Raj Sabah)
• 2) lower house ( Lokh Saba)
• Lengthiest constitution
• 1st PM : Nehru
Nepal
•
Capital : Kathmandu
• Currency: Rupiah
• Only Hindu state in the world
• PM : [Link]
• Landlocked country
• Mount Everest
• Kangchanjunga
Bhutan
•
Land of Thunderbolt
• Capital : Timphu
• Currency: Ngultrum
• Landlocked country
• Doklam issue
• Issue btw Bhutan and china
•
Bangladesh
The land of rivers
•
• Independence day : 26th March , 1971
• Pakistan accepted Bangladesh in 1974
• 1st president: Sheikh Mujeeb Ur Rehman
• Parliament: Jatia sangsad
• Airline: Biman
• President: Shabuddin
Sri Lanka
•
Capital : Jay Srivardna Pura
• Currency: Rupiah
• President: Raniel wikram Singh
• PM : Daniesh
• Largest exporter of eyes
• Largest producer of tea
•
Maldives
Island country
•
• Smallest country of south Asia
• Capital : Mali
• Currency: Rupiah
• President: [Link]
• Equator Pas s through it
• Mincao island
• Disputed land btw India and Maldives
South East Asia
•Total 11 countries
•ASEAN Members : 10
•Andaman sea is the part of Indian ocean
•South china sea is the part of pacific ocean
Malacca strait
• Worlds longest strait
• Btw Malaysia and Indonesia
• Length : 800km
• Connects Indian ocean with Pacific ocean
• Connects Indian ocean with South china sea
• Connects Andaman sea with South china sea
Johar strait
• Separates Malaysia and Singapore
Mekong river
• Mother of rivers
• Length : 4350 km
• Largest river of South east Asia
• Landlocked country : Laos
• Muslim countries: 3
• Indonesia
• Malaysia
• Brunei Darus –s- Salam
Mayanmar
Old name : Burma
• Land of golden pagodas
• Name changes in 1989
• Separates [Link] in 1937
• Capital : Naypyidow
• Currency: Kyat
•
Thailand
Land of white elephants
•
• Land of free people
• Siam is the old name of Thailand
• Name changes in 1939
• Capital : Bangkok
• Currency; Bhat
Cambodia
•
Campochia is the old name
• Name change in 1976
• Capital : Phenom penh
• Currency: Rial
• Anghor watt : [Link] present in Cambodia
• Cambodian language has most alphabet
• 74 alphabets
•
Vietnam
• Vietnam war ( 1954- 1975)
• Border btw north and south Vietnam is called
17th parallel line
• Capital : Hanoi
• Currency: Dong
Malaysia
• Get independence from UK in 1957
• Capital : Kaula lampur
• Currency: Ringgit
• 1st PM : Tunku Abdul Rehman
• Current PM : Anwar Ibrahim
• Petronas tower : 2 towers in Malaysia
• Azlaan Shah Hockey tournament
• Tournament of Malaysia
Singapore
• Capital : Singapore city
• Currency: Dollar
Indonesia
• Cluster of islands
• Largest country of Muslims by population
• Largest archipelago in the world
• Almost 17,500 islands
• Currency: Rupiah
• Capital : Nusantara
• Get independence from Netherlands in 1948
• 1st president : Ahmad Sukarno
• Equator passes through ut
Brunei Darus Salam
• Capital: Bander Sri Baghwan
• Currency: Dollar
• King : Hassan Albaikh
Philippine
• Capital: Manila
• Currency : peso
• ADB : Asian Development Bank
• Formed in 1966
• Headquarter: Manila, philippine
• Work : give money for the development of Asia
• Members : 68
North East Asia
Russia
• Largest country of the world by area
• 1 crore 7 lac square kilometer
• Geographically Russia is in Asia but politically part of Europe
Baikal lake
• Deepest lake of the world
• In Russia
• Depth : 1642m
Ural Mountains
• In Russia
Volga River
• Largest river of Russia
• Comes from vildai mountains
Siberia
• Eastern side of Russia
• Coldest region of the world
• Famous city : saint Petersburg
• Red – square : Russia
• Currency: Ruble
• Secret agency : KGB
• Parliament: Duma
• February revolution: 1917
• Also called Bolshevik revolution
• USSR formed in 1922
• Breaks in 26 Dec , 1991
• USSR = Russia + 14 other countries
• Lenin prize started in 1925
• Faiz Ahmad faiz (1962)
• Abdul sattar edhi ( 1988)
• President: Veladimir putin
• From (2000-2008)
• Then PM : (2018-2012)
• Then ( 2012-2018)
• Then (2018-2024)
• Then become again in 2024
Mongolia
• Capital : ulanbatar
• Currency: Tongrong
• Landlocked country
• 2 Nd largest landlocked country
• Gobi desert : present in Mongolia and china
China
• Official name : The peoples republic of china
• Capital : Beijing
• Currency: yaun
• Largest city : Shanghai
• Worlds 2nd populous city
• Great wall of china : formed in 220 B.C
• Main length : 3400 km
Yangtze River
• 3rd longest in world
• Length : 6300km
• Largest river of china
Yellow / Hong Hu/ sorrow river
• 2nd largest in china
Taklaman desert
In china
Budh Pala pass
• In Tibet
Namni pass
• In Mayanmar
• 1st opium war
• UK Vs China
• 1839-1842)
• 2nd opium war
• UK vs China
• UK wins both wars
• Pakistan Accepted china in 1950
• 1st president: Sun yat sun
• 1st PM : Chu Enlie
• Current president: Xi- chig- ping
• Foreign minister: Wang yi
• Current PM : Lee Kiang
• 2nd largest country by population
Three Gorges Dam
• Concrete dam
• In china
• Capacity: 22500 MW
• Chinese civilization: oldest civilization that only survives in the
world
• Paper currency invention
• Has oldest written language in world
• Chinese language is most spoken language in the world
AIIB
• Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank
• Formed in 2016
• Headquarter: Beijing
• Members : 103
Japan
• Britain of Pacific
• Land of rising sun
• Parliament: Diet
• Currency: Yen
• Capital : Tokyo
• Largest city by population
• Oldest monarch in the Japan
• PM : Famio Kashidu
• King : Nara Heitho
• Has oldest national anthem in the world
North Korea and south korea
• North Korea capital: Pyongyang
• South Korea capital : Seoul
• Both have currency: Won
• North Korea : Democratic republic of Korea
• South Korea: Republic of Korea
Taiwan
• Republic of china
• Old name : Formosa
• OnlY 17 countries which accept taiwan
Central Asian countries
Caspian Sea countries
• TARIK
• Turkmenistan
• Azerbaijan
• Russia
• Iran
• Kazakhstan
Pamir mountains
• Roof of the world
• Tibet is also called the roof of the world
Amu Darya/ Oxis river
• Starts [Link] mountain and falls into aral sea
• Largest river of central Asia
• Length: 2450km
Kazakhstan
• Largest Muslim country in the world
• Largest landlocked country in the world
• Capital : Noor sultan
• Currency: Tenge
• Largest uranium producing country
• Largest cash crop : cotton
Turkmenistan
• Capital :Ashgabat
• Karakum desert
• Gate of hell
• Currency : Mnat
Uzbekistan
• Double landlocked country
• Smarkand
• Bukhara
• Farhana
• Capital : Tashkent
• Have lots of minerals
• Currency: Som
Tajikistan
• Wakhan Corridor
• [Link]
• Capital : Dushanbe
• Currency: Som
• Smallest country in central asia
Kyrgyzstan
• Capital : Bishkek
• Currency : som
West Asian Countries
Nagorno karabagh
• Disputed area btw Armenia and Azerbaijan
Black sea countries
• BRT – GRU
• Bulgaria
• Romania
• Turkey
• Georgia
• Russia
• Ukraine
Azerbaijan
• Capital : Baku
• Currency: Manat
Armenia
• Capital : Yerevan
• Currency: Drum
• Get independence from russia
Georgia
• Capital: Tibilisi
• Currency : Lari
• Cascus mountains : In georgia
Bosporus strait
• Joins black sea with Marmara sea
• Separates Asia from Europe
• Narrowest strait in the world
Dardanal strait
• Joins Marmara sea with agean sea
• Separates Europe from Asia
Turkey
• Land of Turks
• Capital : Ankara
• 1st khalifa : suleman – I
• 1st sultan: Osman –I
• Last khalifa : Abdul Majeed –III
• Khilafat remains from 1517 to 1923
• Last sultan : Mehmand –vI
• 1st president: Mustafa Kamal
• Currency: Lira
• Hagia Sophia mosque
• Troy city
• Hagia Sophia created in 330 B.C during Byzantine empire in
turkey
Cyprus
• An island in Mediterranean sea
• Conquered by Hazrat Usman in 28 hijri
• Capital : Nicosia
SAARC
• South Asian Association for Regional cooperation
• Formed in 8th December, 1985 in Dhaka
• Capital : Khatmandu
• Afghanistan joined in 2007
• Now members: 8
• Pak
• Afghanistan
• Indonesia
• Nepal
• India
• Bhutan
• Maldives
• Bangladesh
• Secretary general: [Link]
• Official language: English
Europe
Baltic sea
• Part of Atlantic ocean
• Worlds smallest sea
Scandinavian peninsula
• 3 countries
• Norway
• Sweden
• Finland
Scandinavian countries
• 5 countries
• Norway
• Sweden
• Finland
• Denmark
• Iceland
Norway
• Capital : Oslo
• Land of midnight sun
• Currency: krone
Sweden
• Capital : Stockholm
• Currency; krona
Finland
• Land of thousand lakes
• Capital : Helsinki
• Currency: Euro
Denmark
• Capital : Copenhagen
• Currency: krone
Iceland
• Capital : Reykjavik
• Currency: Krona
• Parliament: Althing
• Oldest parliament in the world
Difference btw England, Great Britain
and
United Kingdom
• England : on Thames river
• Capital : London
• Great Britain: England+ Wales + Scotland
• UK : Great Britain+ [Link]
• Currency: pound
Iberian peninsula
• 3 countries
• Portugal : Libson
• Spain : Madrid
• Andora
Strait of
Gibraltar
• Joins Atlantic ocean with
Mediterranean sea
• Separates Europe from africa
Italic peninsula
• Main country : Italy
• Boot of the Europe
• Capital : Rome
• City of seven hills
• There is a city in Rome called Vatican city
• Pope
• Largest pope : pope Francis
• Current Pope francis : Mario Bergiglo
• Belongs to Argentina and lives in Vatican city
Balkan peninsula
9 countries
• Slo. : Slovakia
• Cro : Croatia
• Bo : Bosnia
• Se : Serbia
• Ma: Montegro
• KO : Kosavo
• Ma : Macedonia
• Al : Albania
• Greece
• Croatia capital : Zagrab
• Bosnia : Sarajevo
• Serbia : Belgrade
• Kosavo : Pristana
• Albania : Tirana
• Greece : Athens
Greece
• Olympic starts from here in 776 B.C
• Modern Olympics strats in Greece in 1896
• France start it’s Olympics in 1924
• Greece Olympics : summer Olympics
• France Olympics : winter Olympics
• 2024 Olympics : in France, Paris
Baltic countries
• Lativia
• Lathunia
• Estonia
Be – Ne – Lux countries
• Belgium
• Netherlands
• Lexumberg
• Europe has no desert
Belgium
• Cockpit of Europe
• Battlefield of Europe
• Battle of Waterloo 1815
• Btw UK and France
• Capital ; Brussels
Netherland
• Old name : Holland
• Capital : Amsterdam
Lexumberg
• Capital: Lexumberg city
• Free transport for everyone
Germany
• Capital : Berlin
• After 2 Nd world war Germany divided into
• West Germany
• East Germany
• Berlin wall creates btw them
• Create in 1961 till 1989
• West Germany capital : Born
• East Germany capital: Berlin
Black forest mountain range
• In Germany
Alps mountain range
• Largest mountain range of Europe
• Highest point : [Link]
Volga river
• Largest river of europe
English channel
• Btw England and France
Dovar strait
• Btw England and France
• Joins north sea with Atlantic ocean
France
• French revolution 1789- 1799
• Slogan : liberty, equality and fraternity
• Capital : paris
• President: Enmul Macron
• Paris is on the bank of seine river
• Currency: euro
• Paris : city of perfumes
Lichtenstein
• On the border of Austria and Switzerland
• Double landlocked country
Australia
14 countries
Kiribati
• Only country of Oceania through which equator pass
Papau- New- Guinea
• 2nd largest Island of the world
Cook strait
• Separates North new Zealand from south new Zealand
• Joins Pacific ocean with Tasman sea
Bass strait
• Separates Australia from Tasmania
• Join Indian ocean with Tasman sea
Torres strait
• Joins aurafora Sea with coral sea
• Separates papau- New Guinea from Australia
Gulf of carpentria
• In Australia
Great Australian bight
• Largest bight of the world
Australia
• 7 states
• Capital : Canberra
Deserts
• Gibson
• Sibson
• Great sandy
• Victoria
• Red desert
Great dividing range
• 3rd largest in world
• Length : 3500 km
• Highest point : Mt. Kosiosko
Great barrier reefs
• Worlds largest coral reef
Lake eyre
• Deepest point of Oceania
• 16m
• Discovered Australia in 1770 by captain cook
• Got independence form UK in 1991
• Charles –III is the head of state
• Ostrich found here
• Platypus mammals
• Kangaroo found here
• Largest reserves of uranium
• Largest wool producer
• Land of golden fleece
• Currency : Dollar