Zagazig University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Power Engineering Department
Subject: Hydraulic circuit
Report
Question 1
The two rear drive sprockets on a crawler tractor are powered with hydraulic motors through
a reduction gear set as shown in Figure. The motors are driven by a single variable
displacement hydraulic pump with equal flow to each motor. Given that: Drawbar force Fd =
12 kN, Dozer force Fz = 19.5 kN, Motor inlet pressure = 30 MPa, Motor discharge pressure =
350 kPa; Motor overall efficiency = 94%, Motor mechanical efficiency = 96%, Gear ratio =
4:1, Tractor speed = 9 km/h, Sprocket effective rolling radius R = 375 mm.
Determine:
i. The motor torque
ii. The motor displacement
iii. The flow rate of each motor
iv. The pump displacement
v. The overall efficiency
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Question 2
A hydraulic system operates in a regular operating cycle of 60 s duration. The flow demand
during the operating cycle is shown in Figure. The maximum pump delivery pressure during
the operating cycle is 140 bar. The flow rates are set by flow control arrangements. The
system has a fixed displacement pump. The pump volumetric and mechanical efficiencies are
0.95 and 0.92, respectively.
a) When using the pump only for the hydraulic power supply. determine
i. The required pump flow rate
ii. The power required to drive the pump
b) If a hydraulic accumulator is used to compensate for the short duration flow demands,
calculate:
i. The required pump flow rate
ii. The power required to drive the pump
iii. The Volume of the accumulator used if the maximum allowable pressure is 210 bar.
where:
Pre-charge Pressure= of the
system working pressure
Maximum allowable Pressure
System working Pressure
Accumulator Volume
Maximum Volume of Oil
Accumulator
N : The polytropic index
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Question 3
The Circuit shows a simple way to synchronize two cylinders. Fluid from the pump is
delivered to the blank end of cylinder (1), and the fluid from the rod end of cylinder (1) is
delivered to the blank end of cylinder (2). Fluid returns to the tank from the rod end of
cylinder (2). The piston area of cylinder (2) is equal to the annulus area of cylinder (1) and
the rod diameter of cylinder (1) equals one half of its piston diameter (d1 = 0.5D1).
The following data are considered:
▪ Pump delivery pressure P1 = 250 bar
▪ Piston diameter of cylinder (1) = 20 cm
▪ Rod diameter of cylinder (1) = 10 cm
▪ The force F1 = 450 kN
▪ The pressure P1 = 0
Determine:
(3) The pump flow rate if the extend velocity is
(1) The pressure
(2) The force (4) The retract speed assuming fixed
displacement pump
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Question 4
A hydraulic cylinder having a bore of 125 mm and a rod diameter of 90 mm is used to lift a
load of 20 tonnes at a maximum speed of 5 m/min. The load has to be brought to rest in the
cushion length 50 mm at the end of the stroke. Determine:
(a) The pressure required to lift the load assuming zero back pressure at the annulus side
of the cylinder.
(b) The fluid flow rate to raise the load at 5 m/min.
(c) The average pressure in the cushion during extension
Extension
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Qusetion5
Cylinder with a bore diameter of 7cm and a rod diameter of 3.125cm is to be used in a system
with a 45l/min pump. Use the graph in the Figure below to determine the pressure drops
across the DCV when the cylinder is retracting (P->B, A->T) or extending (P-A and B-T),
also determine the power loss in each case.
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