Understanding Job Roles in Vocational Training
A comprehensive guide to job roles, learning outcomes, and assessment criteria for
electricians, fitters, and welders in technical education programs.
What is a Job Role?
A job role is a clearly defined set of duties and responsibilities that together form a specific
employment position within an organization.
It describes the type of work a skilled person is expected to perform competently after
completing their vocational training program.
Three Essential Trade Job Roles
Trade Description Key Responsibilities
Installs, maintains, and repairs Reads wiring diagrams and blueprints;
Electrician electrical wiring, equipment, motors, Tests electrical circuits for safety;
lighting systems, and control panels. Rectifies faults following standards
Assembles, installs, and maintains Interprets engineering drawings;
Fitter mechanical components and Performs fitting operations; Ensures
machines. proper alignment and accuracy
Joins metal parts using arc, gas, Prepares joints; Selects appropriate
Welder
MIG, and TIG welding processes. electrodes; Inspects weld quality
Understanding Learning Outcomes
Learning outcomes clearly describe what a learner knows, understands, and is able to do
after successfully completing their training program. They are expressed in measurable terms
of knowledge, skills, and competence.
Types of Learning Outcomes
Type Description
Generic Learning Fundamental competencies common to all trades, including safety
Outcomes practices, communication, and quality standards.
Specific Learning Specialized skills and knowledge directly related to a particular trade
Outcomes or job role.
Generic Learning Outcomes: Foundation for All Trades
After completing training, learners across all trades will be able to:
Area Outcome
Safety and Follow safe work practices, use PPE, and comply with
Compliance environmental and housekeeping standards.
Technical Read and interpret drawings; apply basic mathematics and science
Communication in practical work.
Quality and Apply productivity tools, quality standards, labour welfare concepts,
Productivity and energy conservation.
Specific Learning Outcomes by Trade
Trade Competencies
Domestic and industrial wiring; Install and maintain motors and switchgears;
Electrician
Test circuits; Identify and rectify faults
Filing, drilling, tapping, grinding; Assemble components as per drawing; Install
Fitter
and align machines; Maintain tools and work area
Prepare joints; Perform arc and gas welding; Select correct electrodes; Inspect
Welder
welds and identify defects
What are Assessment Criteria?
Assessment criteria specify the standards and evidence used to judge whether a learner has
successfully achieved the defined learning outcomes.
They ensure consistency and objectivity in vocational assessment.
Key Point:
Assessment criteria translate learning outcomes into measurable, observable evidence of
competence.
Assessment Criteria: Trade-Specific Standards
Trade Assessment Criteria
Safe work with PPE; Wiring as per standards; Correct use of instruments;
Electrician
Faults identified and rectified
Assembly as per drawing; Proper tool usage; Accuracy and finish; Safety and
Fitter
housekeeping
Welder Proper joint prep; Defect-free welds; Correct technique; Safe welding practices
Key Takeaways for Vocational Educators
No. Focus Area Description
Define duties that prepare trainees for real-world
01 Clear Job Roles
employment.
02 Measurable Outcomes Describe observable knowledge, skills, and competence.
Standards-Based
03 Evaluate performance objectively and consistently.
Assessment
Use assessment results to improve curriculum and
04 Continuous Improvement
teaching.
Construction of a Course Outline (Simple Version)
Before starting teaching, an instructor must prepare a course outline. It explains what to
teach and how to teach.
Steps in Constructing a Course
No. Step Description
This is the first step. The instructor should understand learner level,
01 Orientation introduce the course and institute, explain rules and regulations,
teaching methods, training objectives, and evaluation method.
Explain what goals are to be achieved, why the course is taught, and
02 Course Objectives
how goals will be achieved. Clear objectives are very important.
Instructional Describe what students will be able to do after the course. They
03 Objectives / Learning include skills, knowledge, and abilities, are student-centered, and
Outcomes measurable.
Selected based on skills required to achieve learning outcomes.
04 Course Content
Includes topics, activities, assignments, and tests.
Course Resource Materials such as reference books, training aids, lesson plans, job
05
Materials sheets, charts, diagrams, and models.
Teaching methods selected based on student level, experience, and
06 Method of Instruction
facilities (lecture, demonstration, audio-visual aids).
Testing and Planned in advance using periodic tests, continuous assessment, and
07
Evaluation systematic evaluation to improve performance.
Example 1: Cooking Course
Step Description
Orientation Introduction to kitchen, rules, and safety
Course Objective To learn basic cooking
Learning Objectives Person can cook simple dishes
Course Content Cutting vegetables, boiling, frying
Resources Stove, utensils, recipe book
Method of Instruction Explanation and cooking demonstration
Evaluation Cooking a dish independently
Example 2: Driving Course
Step Description
Orientation Introduction to vehicle and traffic rules
Course Objective To learn driving safely
Learning Objectives Person can drive safely on road
Course Content Starting, steering, braking, parking
Resources Car, driving manual
Step Description
Method of Instruction Explanation and practical driving
Evaluation Road driving test
Example 3: Mobile Phone Use Course
Step Description
Orientation Introduction to smartphone and basic rules
Course Objective To learn smartphone usage
Learning Objectives Person can make calls and use apps
Course Content Calling, messaging, internet use
Resources Smartphone, user guide
Method of Instruction Explanation and hands-on practice
Evaluation Using phone independently
Understanding the Syllabus
A syllabus is a structured list of topics that will be taught in a vocational course. It serves as
the backbone of any training program, designed to prepare students for real-world job
demands.
Key Factors Considered While Designing a Syllabus
Factor Description
Trade Needs Aligned with industry requirements and current job market demands
Time Available Optimized for training duration to ensure comprehensive learning
Facilities Available Matches available equipment, workshops, and resources
Trade experts collaborate to develop syllabi that build essential knowledge and skills,
ensuring graduates are job-ready.
The Three-Part Structure of a Syllabus
Every effective vocational syllabus follows a three-stage progression from fundamentals to
mastery.
Time
Stage Training Phase Description
Share
Foundation phase covering fundamental
01 Basic Training 1/6
knowledge and core concepts
Main skill development through repeated practice
02 Skill Training 2/3
and application
Advanced Practical Intensive hands-on work on real-world projects
03 1/6
Training under supervision
Key Insight:
The syllabus converts curriculum objectives into step-by-step learning experiences.
Curriculum: The Complete Learning Framework
While a syllabus lists topics, the curriculum covers the entire learning experience.
Syllabus vs Curriculum
Aspect Description
Syllabus List of topics to be taught
Curriculum Complete learning plan including methods, resources, and evaluation
Analogy:
The syllabus is the menu; the curriculum is the full dining experience.
Components of Curriculum
Component Description
Goals & Objectives Clear learning outcomes and competency targets
Course Content Detailed syllabus topics and subject matter
Learning Activities Hands-on exercises, projects, and practice
Teaching Methods Instructional strategies and delivery approaches
Tools & Facilities Equipment, workshops, and learning resources
Evaluation Methods Assessments, tests, and competency validation
Why Analysing the Syllabus Matters
Effective syllabus analysis keeps training relevant and industry-aligned.
Focus Area Explanation
Remove Unnecessary Topics Eliminate outdated methods and irrelevant content
Focus on Job-Related Skills Teach competencies demanded by employers
Progress from Simple to Complex Safety → tools → techniques → full systems
Prepare Quality Teaching Materials Job sheets, visual aids, practice exercises
Create Logical Teaching Sequence Theory before practice; basics before advanced
Bottom Line
Syllabus analysis is strategic planning that ensures every training hour delivers maximum
value to learners and employers.
ADDIE Model of Instruction
Introduction
The ADDIE model is a systematic instructional design framework used for planning,
developing, implementing, and evaluating training programmes.
ADDIE stands for: Analysis – Design – Development – Implementation – Evaluation
1. Analysis Theory
In this stage, the training need is identified. The instructor analyses learner entry-level
knowledge, objectives, job requirements, and available resources.
Example – Welder Trade (Table)
Aspect Details
Trainees ITI Welder beginners
Training Need Perform basic gas welding
Identified Gap Lack of torch handling and flame control skills
2. Design Theory
In this stage, the training plan is prepared including objectives, content sequence, methods,
and assessment.
Example – Welder Trade (Table)
Component Details
Objective Perform MS butt joint using gas welding
Content Sequence Safety → Tools → Flame setting → Welding practice
Teaching Method Demonstration and practice
Assessment Practical test and observation
3. Development Theory
Training materials are prepared based on the design.
Example – Welder Trade (Table)
Training Materials Prepared
Welding job sheet
Safety posters
Demonstration plates
Step-by-step practice instructions
4. Implementation Theory
This stage involves actual delivery of training.
Example – Welder Trade (Table)
Activity
Instructor demonstrates gas welding
Trainees practice under supervision
Instructor provides guidance and correction
5. Evaluation Theory
Evaluation measures achievement of objectives, skill level, and quality of instruction.
Example – Welder Trade (Table)
Evaluation Method
Practical welding test
Inspection of weld quality
Feedback from trainees
Kirkpatrick’s Model of Evaluation
Four Levels of Kirkpatrick’s Model (Welder Example)
Level Name What is Measured Welder Example
01 Reaction Trainee satisfaction Feedback on welding training
02 Learning Knowledge and skills gained Safety test, flame setting
03 Behaviour Behaviour change at workplace Follows safety rules
04 Results Final training outcomes Improved weld quality, less rework
Relationship Between ADDIE and Kirkpatrick Models
ADDIE is used for designing and delivering training.
Kirkpatrick is used for evaluating training effectiveness.
Both together ensure quality skill training.