Induction motor test

The motor parameters and performance of the equivalent

circuit can be determined from three tests

1. The stator resistance test

Which determined the stator resistance value

2. Blocked rotor test (short circuit test)

Which provides the value of 𝑹𝟐 , 𝑿𝟐 , 𝑿𝟏

3. The no load test (open circuit test)
Which provides the value of shunt branch parameters
𝑹 𝒄 , 𝑿𝒎

1. The stator resistance test

𝑽𝒅𝒄
• for Y connection 𝑹 = = 𝟐 ∗ 𝑹𝟏
𝑰𝒅𝒄

𝑽𝒅𝒄
𝑹𝟏 =
𝟐∗𝑰𝒅𝒄
 𝑽𝒅𝒄
for 𝚫 connection 𝑹 = = 𝑹𝟏 //2*𝑹𝟏
𝑰𝒅𝒄

𝟑 ∗ 𝑽𝒅𝒄
𝑹𝟏 = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑹
𝟐 ∗ 𝑰𝒅𝒄

The motor is supplied by dc voltage

Between any two terminals as shown in figure the dc voltage

and current are measured by using suitable voltamer and
ammeter
the value od stator dc resistance may be increased by

three to five percent (3% : 5%) for use in the equivalent

circuit to take into account “the skin effect” of Ac circuit

for fifty and sixty hertz motor (50,60) Hz the skin effect

will be neglected
2. Blocked rotor test (locked rotor-short circuit)test

(From 15% to 25% rated value)

Nm=0
S=1
• The motor is supply by reduced voltage (15:25)% of

rated voltage value and usually at lower frequency

while the rotor is held stationary

• The test voltage is usually selected to make the blocked

rotor current equal to rated current

A reduced voltage is done to

1. Prevent the blocked rotor (short circuit) current from reaching an

excessive value which may be burn motor

2. A void the effect of extra saturation at high current value which may

effect the accuracy of leakage reactance

3. A lower frequency is used to simulate the rotor current frequency

which it small in normal operation

the per phase values of the blocked rotor voltage 𝑽𝒃𝒓 ,

current 𝑰𝒃𝒓 and power 𝑷𝒃𝒓 are measured

The equivalent circuit of IM during this test as shown in

the figure

During this test

• the value of slip equal one (s=1)

 𝑹𝟐
• load resistance equal zero 𝟏−𝒔 =𝟎
𝒔

• The magnetizing reactance (𝑿𝒎 ) and the core resistance

𝑹𝒄 are neglected from the circuit due to the reduced

voltage applied which reduces the value of 𝑰𝒄 and 𝑰𝒎

𝑽𝒃𝒓 𝑽𝒃𝒓
• 𝑰𝒄 = ≅ 𝟎 ⟹ 𝑹𝒄 = ∞ 𝑰𝒎 = ≅ 𝟎 ⟹ 𝑿𝒎 = ∞
𝑹𝒄 𝑿𝒎
 𝑷𝒃𝒓
𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 = 𝑹𝒆 = 𝑹𝒃𝒓 = 𝑹𝒔.𝒄 =
𝑰𝟐𝒃𝒓

𝑷𝒃𝒓
𝑹𝟐 = − 𝑹𝟏 =𝑹𝒃𝒓 − 𝑹𝟏 where 𝑹𝟏 known from test (1)
𝑰𝟐𝒃𝒓

𝑽𝒃𝒓
𝒁𝒆 = 𝒁𝒃𝒓 = 𝒁𝒔.𝒄 =
𝑰𝒃𝒓

𝒇
𝑿𝒃𝒓 = 𝒁𝟐𝒃𝒓 − 𝑹𝟐𝒃𝒓 ∗
𝒇𝒃𝒓
 𝒇
if reduction of frequency not occur =𝟏
𝒇𝒃𝒓

where 𝒇𝒃𝒓 ⟹ 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝑿𝒃𝒓 = 𝑿𝟏 +𝑿𝟐

𝑿𝒃𝒓
For all practical purpose 𝑿𝟏 = 𝑿𝟐 =
𝟐

For separation of 𝑿𝟏 and 𝑿𝟐 we use the following

 𝒇
if reduction of frequency not occur =𝟏
𝒇𝒃𝒓

where 𝒇𝒃𝒓 ⟹ 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝑿𝒃𝒓 = 𝑿𝟏 +𝑿𝟐

𝑿𝒃𝒓
For all practical purpose 𝑿𝟏 = 𝑿𝟐 =
𝟐

For separation of 𝑿𝟏 and 𝑿𝟐 we use the following

Wound rotor Squirrel cage rotor
𝑿𝒃𝒓 𝑿𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟒: 𝟏 ∗ 𝑿𝟐
𝑿𝟏 = 𝑿𝟐 =
𝟐
Note that

Stator and rotor slot’s are usually deferent in number and

shape, so that the justification of assumption that 𝑿𝟏 = 𝑿𝟐
as presented in transformer calculation is not valid expect
for wound rotor

For the squirrel cage IM the ratio of separation depends on

the rotor slots shape and ranges from 𝑿𝟏 = (𝟎. 𝟒: 𝟏) % from
the value of 𝑿
No load test (open circuit test)
The motor is supplied by

rated voltage, current, and

Power are measured as shown

In the figure

When motor runs at no load the slip (S) is closed to zero and
the equivalent circuit will be as shown in the next figure
𝑅𝟏 and 𝑿1 are very small values compared to 𝑅𝑐 and 𝑿𝑚 so
it is can be neglected

The no load input power is equal to

the rotational losses so to compute

The core losses resistance

We must subtract the friction plus windage losses

From the input power to get𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆 per phase

𝑷𝒐.𝒄 = 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆 = 𝑾𝒐.𝒄 − 𝑷𝒇+𝒘 ⟹ 𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
𝑽𝟐𝒐.𝒄
𝑹𝒄 = = 𝑰𝟐𝒄 𝑹𝒄 = 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆
𝑷𝒐.𝒄

𝑽𝒐.𝒄 𝟐 𝟐
𝑰𝒄 = and 𝑰𝒎 = 𝑰𝒐.𝒄 − 𝑰𝒄
𝑹𝒄

𝑽𝒐.𝒄
𝑿𝒎 = load power factor computed as
𝑰𝒎

𝑾𝒐.𝒄
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽𝒐.𝒄 = usually less than 0.5 lagging power factor
𝑽𝒐.𝒄 ∗𝑰𝒐.𝒄
Notes
The default assumption the three phase IM are
1. the default connection Y connection
2. the default measured power is the three phase power
3. the default measured voltage and current are the line
voltage
4. If the friction plus windage loss is not mentioned it will be
neglected
Example
• The following test results are obtained from a 3φ, 60 hp,
2200 V, six-pole, 60 Hz squirrel-cage induction motor
No-load test: Blocked-rotor test:
Supply frequency=60 Hz Frequency=15 Hz
Line voltage=2200 V Line voltage=270 V
Line current=4.5 A Line current=25 A
Input power=1600 W Input power=9000 W
Average dc resistance per stator phase: R1 =2.8 Ω
(a) Determine the no-load rotational loss.
(b) Determine the parameters of the IEEE-recommended
equivalent circuit of Fig.
Solution:-
From the no-load test, the no-load power is
𝑷𝑵𝑳 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒘
The no-load rotational loss is
𝟐
𝑷𝑹𝒐𝒕 = 𝑷𝑵𝑳 − 𝟑 ∗ ∗ 𝑹𝟏
𝑰𝟏
= 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟑 × 𝟒. 𝟓𝟐 × 𝟐. 𝟖
= 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟗. 𝟗𝑾
𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝑽𝟏 = = 𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟐 𝑽/𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒆
𝟑
𝑽𝟏 1270.2
The no-load impedance is 𝒁𝒏𝑳 = 𝑰𝟏
=
𝟒.𝟓
=282.2Ω
 𝑷𝑵𝑳 1270.2
𝑹𝑵𝑳 =
𝟑𝑰𝟐𝟏
=
𝟒.𝟓
=282.2Ω

Thus 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝒎 = 𝑿𝑵𝑳 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟎 Ω

For the blocked rotor test the slip

equal 1 the equivalent circuit of fig
𝑷𝑩𝑳 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑹𝑩𝑳 = = = 𝟒. 𝟖Ω
𝟑∗𝑰𝟐𝟏 𝟑∗𝟐𝟓𝟐
Therefor 𝑹′𝟐 = 𝑹𝑩𝑳 − 𝑹𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟖 − 𝟐. 𝟖 = 𝟐 𝛀

𝑽𝟏 𝟐𝟕𝟎
𝒁𝑩𝑳 = = = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟒 𝛀
𝑰𝟏 𝟑 ∗ 𝟐𝟓
The blocked rotor reactance
at 15 Hz is
𝑿𝑩𝒍 = (𝟔. 𝟐𝟒𝟐 − 𝟒. 𝟖𝟐 ) = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟖 𝛀
Its value at 15 Hz is
Its value at 60 Hz is 𝑿𝑩𝒍 =3.98 *60/15=15.92 𝛀
′
𝑿𝑩𝒍 = 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐
Hence
′ 𝟏𝟓.𝟗𝟐
𝑿𝟏 = 𝑿𝟐 = = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟗𝟖 𝛀 at 60 Hz
𝟐

The magnetizing reactance is therefore

𝑿𝒎 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟎 − 𝟕. 𝟗𝟔 = 𝟐𝟕𝟑. 𝟎𝟒 𝛀