ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTONS 4.
43
4.42 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS -I 2. Half Sectional Vi
If the projection is a symmetric figure, thbe combination of an exterior vie w and
also permitted. If two imaginary cutting planes perpendicular to each other are so sectionalto view
a
4.11 Types of Sectional View is
1. FullSectional View obiect on the line of symmetry to get half external view and second half section:1placed cut the
view, the: the
obtained. sectional view. is known as half sectional view.
If an object is cut entirely Refer figure 4.42.
into two cqual half portion
by an imaginary. .cutting
plane, which passes through
the centre,line, then the
obtajned,sectional view, is
known as full sectional
view. Refer figure 4.4Ka),
(b) and (c).
FIG. 4.41(0)
S
FIG. 4.42
3. Off-set Section
When the cutting plane is not passing through the axis of symmetry of an object, then to include two
or more axis of symmetry and to show maximum details, the cutting plane is off-setted. A zig-zay
straight path of cuting plane is set as per suitability. Refer figure 4.43.
When an off-set section is drawn, the edges of off-set section plane are not shown in the
view, but the position of off-set section is shown in the respective view represented by thesectiona!
cutting
FIG. 4.41(b) plane lin.
F
FIG. 4.43
FIG. 4.41(c)
4.44 ENGIN, ERING GRAPHICS - ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 4.45
4. Revolved Section 6. Brókei 0u. owction
portion of the outer point covering just the
[Link] sectiun of some part of a structure or machine is
necessary for the purpose of The interior detail is shown by break out of a small This line must not
in many cases, is outlined with a thin iregular wavy freehand lines.
without drawing an èxtra view is [Link]. The break
sh upe or size description. Frequently, the easiest wäy to obtain this 4.46.
a revolved section. A revolved section is obtained by passing a cutting
plane through a member coincide with any contour of the view. Refer figure
section, thus
perpendicular to one of the principal planes of projection and then revolving the cross
obtained about its own axis of symmetry centre, it is parallel to the plane of projection. In this
is particularly useful
position, the section will show the true shape directly on that view. Tbis method
for structural shapes, c.g. spokes of wheels; arms, handles etc. Refer figuie 4.44.
FIG. 4.46
7. Rib in Section strength to the obiect.
an object, which is used fot adding
A rib (web) is a thin supporting part of usual practice is
rib parallel to its larger đimension, the
When the cutting plane passes through the the rib portion. On other hand when the cutting plane
not to draw hatching lines or section lines on batching lines.
larger dimension, the rib is shown with
passes through the rib perpendicular to its
Refer figures 4.47()., (ii), (üi) and (iv).
FIG. 4.44
RIB.
RIB
5. Removed Section
clear. It is almost similar to revolved S
The renoved section is drawn outside the view to make it more
figure 4.45.
section and is taken around the extension of the cutting plane line. Refer
(a)
RIB:
FIG. 4.45 (d)
FIG. 4.47(i)
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 4.41
4.10 Introduction to Sectional Orthographic
The interior parts of Projections
lines or hidden lines. hollow
If an
objects which are hidden from
view, can only be presented by the dotted
lines on the drawing, object is simple in its
but interior construction, then there are a few hidden
interpret. To overcome this when these hidden lines are
large
difficulty, complicated obiects arein number, the drawing is dificult to
plane. assumed to be cut by an imaginary
A sectional
view is a view
removed by means of cuttingseen when a position of
plane, so the observer an object nearest to the observer is imagined to be
In sectional orthographic can see the inner portion clearly.
evenly placed. Generally, the projection, the portion of an òbject which is cut, is
per the cutting plane
position
hatching lines or section lines
when a are drawn inclinedhatched
to XY
by a thin line
line
of an object. The other section is assumed in one view, it does not at 45°. As
object exist as a whole. views are drawn by the usual orthographic affect the other views
projection assuming the entire
Points to be Followed While
Drawing Section Lines
(i) Visible lines contained
in the cutting plane
and behind the section are
(ii) Invisible lines behind shown.
the section are usually
(iii) Only the parts actually omitted.
drawn at an angle of 45° cut by the section
to the major outlineplane are crOss hatched with a
of the object. thin continuous line
(iv) The cutting plane line
lines at: the centre "withshown inthe view is
an ärrow head drawnthick long chain at the
observer: at the ends, which ends and thin long and short
indicates the direction of an
(v) For two adjacent parts
to be shown in section,
opposite direction to distinguish them.
the section lines shown
should be drawn in