1. What is a volcano? 6.

The sides or flanks of a volcano that radiate

from the central vent are known as:
A. A place in the mantle where rocks melt.
A. Summits B. Bases
B. A long tube connecting a magma chamber to
the surface. C. D. Conduits.

C. An opening in the Earth's crust that allows What is the lower outer part of a volcano
material warmer than its surroundings to called?
escape.
A. Summit.
D. A mountain formed by wind erosion.
B. Base.
2. What term refers to any activity that includes
the movement of magma towards or onto the C. Slope.
surface? D. Crater.
A. Volcanism. B. Tectonics. Which part of the volcano serves as a reservoir
C. Erosion. D. Seismology. where molten rock is stored before an
eruption?
3. What is the name for molten rock located
beneath the surface of the Earth? A. Main vent.

A. Lava B. Cinder. B. Magma chamber.

C. Magma D. Ash. C. Conduit.

4. Once molten rock reaches the Earth's D. Side vent.

surface, it is called: The funnel-shaped or bowl-shaped hollow at
A. Magma B. Lava. the top of a volcano's vent is the:

C. Pyroclastic flow D. Tephra. A. Crater.

5. The highest point or apex of a volcano is B. Conduit.

called the: C. Magma chamber.
A. Base. B. Slope. D. Summit.
C. Summit D. Vent. What is the pipe-like structure that connects
the magma chamber to the crater?
A. Side vent. C. PHIVOLCS.

B. Main vent. D. DOE.

C. Conduit. A volcano that has not erupted for the last

10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again
D. Slope. is:
Which of the following is an example of a A. Active.
mixture of rock, minerals, and glass particles
expelled during an eruption? B. Potentially active.

A. Lava flow. C. Inactive.

B. Ash and gas cloud. D. Dormant.

C. Magma. Volcanoes that have no record of activity but

are "morphologically young-looking" are
D. Hot spring. classified as:
What is the primary factor used to classify A. Active.
volcanoes by "activity"?
B. Inactive.
A. Their height and width.
C. Potentially active.
B. Historical records of eruption or behavior.
D. Extinct.
C. The type of rock they are made of.
Which of the following is the simplest type of
D. Their distance from the ocean. volcano?
An "active volcano" is defined as one that has A. Shield volcano.
erupted within the last:
B. Composite volcano.
A. 100 years.
C. Cinder cone.
B. 1,000 years.
D. Lava dome.
C. 10,000 years.
Cinder cones are primarily built from:
D. 1,000,000 years.
A. Fluid lava flows.
Which government agency is tasked with
monitoring earthquakes and volcanoes in the B. Alternating layers of ash and lava.
Philippines?
C. Solidified lava fragments and blobs ejected
A. PAGASA. from a single vent.

B. DENR. D. Underwater tectonic shifts.

Which type of volcano is known for having B. Shield volcano.
steep slopes and a wide crater?
C. Composite volcano.
A. Shield volcano.
D. Fissure volcano.
B. Cinder cone.
Which of the following is a famous composite
C. Composite volcano. volcano in the Philippines known for its "perfect
cone"?
D. Stratovolcano.
A. Mt. Kanlaon.
Taal Volcano in Batangas is classified as which
type based on its structure? B. Mt. Apo.

A. Shield volcano. C. Mt. Mayon.

B. Composite volcano. D. Mt. Pinatubo.

C. Cinder cone. Shield volcanoes are named so because:

D. Supervolcano. A. They protect the surrounding area from ash.

Composite volcanoes are also known as: B. They look like a warrior's shield from above.

A. Cinder cones. C. They are made of hardened metal.

B. Shield volcanoes. D. They are only found on islands.

C. Stratovolcanoes. What is the primary composition of a shield

volcano?
D. Lava domes.
A. Cinders and boulders.
What determines the steepness of a composite
volcano? B. Thick, viscous lava.

A. Large amounts of fluid lava. C. Fluid lava flows.

B. Viscous, sticky lava that does not flow easily. D. Compressed volcanic ash.

C. High wind speeds during eruption. Which of these is one of the largest shield
volcanoes in the world?
D. The age of the volcano.
A. Mt. Fuji.
Which type of volcano is formed from
alternating layers of lava flows, ash, and B. Mauna Loa.
cinders?
C. Mt. Rainier.
A. Cinder cone.
D. Mt. Mayon.
Volcanic eruptions are generally classified as B. Vulcanian.
"wet" or "dry" depending on:
C. Strombolian.
A. The outside temperature.
D. Phreatic.
B. The magma's water content.
A Vulcanian eruption is distinguished by:
C. The amount of rainfall.
A. Tall eruption columns up to 20 km high.
D. The proximity to the ocean.
B. Continuous steam release.
Which type of eruption is stream-driven and
occurs when hot rocks contact water? C. Slow lava flows.

A. Phreatomagmatic. D. No ash production.

B. Strombolian. Which is the most explosive type of eruption,

involving gas and pyroclastic materials like the
C. Phreatic (hydrothermal). 1991 Pinatubo eruption?

D. Plinian. A. Strombolian.

What characterizes a phreatomagmatic B. Plinian.

eruption?
C. Phreatic.
A. Silent oozing of lava.
D. Vulcanian.
B. Violent eruption due to contact between
water and magma. Which of the following is NOT a sign of an
impending volcanic eruption?
C. Fountain-like lava.
A. Volcanic tremors.
D. Excessive gas without ash.
B. Decrease in the temperature of hot springs.
"Base surges" are high-speed sideway emissions
of pyroclastic materials often seen in: C. Change in color of steam from white to gray.

A. Phreatic eruptions. D. Crater glow.

B. Phreatomagmatic eruptions. Why is the Philippines home to many

volcanoes?
C. Strombolian eruptions.
A. It is located near the Equator.
D. Vulcanian eruptions.
B. It is situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Which eruption type is characterized by
periodic, weak to violent fountain lava? C. It has a tropical climate.

A. Plinian. D. It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean.

How many volcanoes in the Philippines are B. Tall and broad with flat, rounded shapes.
classified as "active"?
C. Perfectly symmetrical cone.
A. 10.
D. Irregular and jagged.
B. 24.
Mount Mayon is an example of which volcanic
C. 50. structure?

D. 100. A. Cinder cone.

Mt. Akir-Akir in North Cotabato has no record of B. Shield.

activity for 10,000 years. It is classified as:
C. Composite.
A. Active.
D. Lava dome.
B. Inactive.
Which eruption type is "short-lived" and may be
C. Destructive. the onset of a larger eruption?

D. Potentially active. A. Plinian.

Which part of a volcano emits lava, gases, and B. Phreatic.

ash on the surface?
C. Vulcanian.
A. Magma chamber.
D. Strombolian.
B. Main vent.
What is the "summit"?
C. Slope.
A. The side of the volcano.
D. Base.
B. The bottom of the volcano.
When steam emission changes from white to
gray, it is usually because of: C. The highest point or apex.

A. Water vapor. D. The underground magma pool.

B. Entrained ash. Which of the following volcanoes is located in

the Bicol region?
C. Cold air.
A. Mt. Apo.
D. Oxygen.
B. Mt. Kanlaon.
Which of the following describes the shape of a
shield volcano? C. Mt. Mayon.

A. Steep and narrow. D. Mt. Arayat.

What classification is given to volcanoes with no B. They give us information about the Earth's
record of eruption but show signs of intensive interior.
weathering and erosion?
C. Their eruptions are always silent.
A. Active.
D. They are not affected by tectonic plates.
B. Inactive.
Based on the content of Science 9 Module 2:
C. Potentially active. Volcanic Eruption, here is a 50-item multiple-
choice test covering magma composition,
D. Pre-active. viscosity, eruption processes, and volcanic
What is the simplest way to identify a cinder hazards.
cone volcano? Volcanic Eruption: 50-Item Multiple Choice Test
A. It is extremely tall. What is the term for molten material found
B. It has a steep slope and wide crater. deep inside the Earth?

C. It has no crater. A. Lava

D. It produces only water vapor. B. Magma

During a volcanic eruption, what pushes out the C. Tephra

mixtures of rock and gas? D. Cinder
A. Gravity. Once magma reaches the Earth's surface, it is
B. Wind. known as:

C. Pressure from gas and magma. A. Magma

D. Ocean tides. B. Basalt

Smith Volcano (Mount Babuyan) is what type of C. Lava

volcano structure? D. Silica
A. Shield. Which of the following factors are primary
B. Composite. contributors to the formation of magma?

C. Cinder cone. A. Composition, pressure, and temperature

D. Caldera. B. Composition, pressure, and density

Which of the following statements about C. Temperature, volume, and distance

volcanoes is TRUE? D. Density, volume, and temperature
A. They are only found on land.
Which property measures a fluid's resistance to B. Sulfur dioxide
flow?
C. Water vapor
A. Density
D. Hydrogen sulfide
B. Temperature
What is the primary driving force that causes
C. Pressure magma to explode to the surface?

D. Viscosity A. Gravity

Magma with high silica content is generally B. Dissolved gases trapped in the magma
described as:
C. The mass of the volcano
A. Low in viscosity
D. The density of the Earth's crust
B. Highly viscous
The process of bubble formation in magma as
C. Very fluid pressure decreases is called:

D. Dark-colored A. Crystallization

What effect does high temperature have on the B. Vesiculation

viscosity of magma?
C. Solidification
A. It increases viscosity.
D. Decompression
B. It has no effect.
Which magma type is the least explosive due to
C. It decreases viscosity. its low gas content and low viscosity?

D. It makes magma more solid. A. Rhyolitic

Which type of magma has the highest silica B. Andesitic

content (about 70%)?
C. Basaltic
A. Basaltic magma
D. Felsic
B. Andesitic magma
What is the temperature range typically
C. Rhyolitic magma associated with Basaltic magma?

D. Mafic magma A. 650°C - 800°C

Which gas is the most abundant volcanic gas B. 800°C - 1000°C

released during an eruption?
C. 1000°C - 1200°C
A. Carbon dioxide
D. Above 1500°C
Vesicles are: B. Tephra

A. Underground magma pools C. Lahar

B. Bubbles frozen in porous volcanic rock D. Magma

C. Channels for lava flow A mixture of water, molten rocks, and debris
flowing down a volcano's side is a:
D. Types of tectonic plates
A. Pyroclastic flow
Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized
by being stream-driven as hot rocks contact B. Ash fall
water?
C. Mudflow (Lahar)
A. Plinian
D. Lava flow
B. Phreatic
What is the typical speed of a pyroclastic flow?
C. Strombolian
A. 10 km/h
D. Phreatomagmatic
B. 50 km/h
Which gas emitted by volcanoes is a greenhouse
gas that contributes to global warming? C. 100 km/h

A. Sulfur dioxide D. 200 km/h

B. Carbon dioxide Which volcanic hazard consists of pulverized

rocks, sand, and gritty glass?
C. Hydrogen chloride
A. Lava flow
D. Nitrogen
B. Ash fall
What phenomenon is caused by friction
between ash particles moving rapidly during an C. Steam
eruption? D. Gases
A. Earthquakes In which location is Rhyolitic magma typically
B. Volcanic lightning formed?

C. Tsunamis A. Oceanic crust

D. Mudflows B. Upper mantle

Fragmented volcanic debris violently ejected C. Continental crust

into the atmosphere is called: D. Mid-ocean ridges
A. Lava
What happens to gas dissolved in magma as it A. Earthquakes
rises toward the Earth's surface?
B. Tsunamis
A. It turns into a solid.
C. Flash floods
B. It forms a separate vapor phase as pressure
decreases. D. All of the choices

C. It disappears completely. Sulfur dioxide emissions from volcanoes can

lead to:
D. It increases in density.
A. Global cooling
Which type of volcano is most likely to eject
basaltic magma? B. Ozone destruction

A. Composite volcano C. Air pollution

B. Shield volcano D. All of the choices

C. Stratovolcano What is a recommended "Before" measure for

volcanic eruptions?
D. Lava dome
A. Stay inside and close all windows.
Why are Rhyolitic eruptions usually the most
explosive? B. Listen to news via radio.

A. They have low silica and high temperature. C. Know the location of designated evacuation
sites.
B. They have high gas content and high
viscosity. D. Wear a face shield.

C. they have low gas content and low viscosity. Which describes the composition of gases in
most magma?
D. They are formed in the mantle.
A. Mostly CO2 and very little water vapor.
The reservoir where magma collects within the
Earth's crust is the: B. Mostly water vapor (H2O) and some carbon
dioxide (CO2).
A. Conduit
C. Pure oxygen.
B. Vent
D. Mostly methane and nitrogen.
C. Magma chamber
Magma with low silica content and high
D. Crater temperature will have:

Which of the following can be triggered by a A. High viscosity

volcanic eruption?
B. Low viscosity
C. Medium viscosity During an eruption, why should people wear
masks and goggles?
D. No gas content
A. To protect against lava.
What happened during the 2020 Taal Volcano
eruption? B. To avoid inhaling acidic ash which causes
respiratory diseases.
A. It was a purely magmatic eruption.
C. To see through the steam.
B. It was a phreatomagmatic eruption.
D. To stay warm.
C. It lasted for only one hour.
Which of the following is NOT a trace gas found
D. It occurred after 100 years of dormancy. in volcanic emissions?
The "danger zone" around a volcano typically A. Hydrogen
covers a radius of about:
B. Carbon monoxide
A. 5 km
C. Volatile metal chloride
B. 15 km
D. Oxygen
C. 32 km
What happens to oceanic plates at destructive
D. 100 km boundaries that leads to magma formation?
Which process increases the vapor pressure of A. They float on top of continental plates.
the residual liquid in cooling magma?
B. They sink into the mantle and release fluid.
A. Decompression
C. They move away from the mantle.
B. Crystallization
D. They turn into ice.
C. Liquefaction
Which magma type has intermediate silica
D. Erosion (about 60%) and intermediate viscosity?
What is the temperature range for Lava flows A. Basaltic
mentioned in the module?
B. Andesitic
A. 100 - 300°C
C. Rhyolitic
B. 400 - 600°C
D. Ultramafic
C. 800 - 1,200°C
In the sequence of magma formation, what
D. 2,000 - 3,000°C occurs after the magma rises and collects in
chambers?
A. The plate sinks further. B. Water vapor

B. Pressure grows until magma breaks through C. Sulfur dioxide

the crust.
D. Methane
C. The volcano becomes inactive.
What is a "During" eruption safety measure?
D. The magma turns back into solid rock
instantly. A. Check the house for damage.

What is the common name for the mixture of B. Clean the roof of ashes.
ash and rain? C. Stay inside and obey evacuation orders.
A. Pyroclastic flow D. Replace contaminated food.
B. Lava Tephra consists of:
C. Lahar A. Only liquid lava.
D. Tephra B. Fragmented volcanic debris like pulverized
Basaltic lava compared to andesitic lava is: rocks.

A. Higher in viscosity. C. Only gases.

B. Lower in viscosity and easily releases D. Pure crystals.

dissolved gases. What is the effect of ash fall on farms?
C. More explosive. A. It helps plants grow immediately.
D. Lighter in color. B. It covers towns and farms under tons of
High viscosity magma prevents bubbles from: heavy material.

A. Forming at all. C. It provides clean drinking water.

B. Rapidly breaking out, leading to increased D. It has no effect.

pressure. Olympus Mons is a volcano located on:
C. Turning into liquid. A. Earth
D. Staying in the magma chamber. B. The Moon
Which gas is considered harmless in the lower C. Mars
atmosphere but can be harmful if combined
with others? D. Venus

A. Carbon dioxide Which type of magma formation occurs when

the confining pressure is lowered?
A. Crystallization C. Go near the danger zone to see the lava.

B. Decompression D. Close all windows.

C. Sedimentation What allows magma to trap more gas, leading

to higher explosiveness?
D. Evaporation
A. Low silica content
What is an "After" eruption safety measure?
B. High silica content
A. Listen to radio for the first time.
C. High temperature
B. Remove volcanic ashes from the roof and
gutters. D. Deep location