MICROSOFT EXCEL – COMPLETE FORMULAS & NOTES (10–15 Pages)
1. INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet software used for data analysis,
calculations, charts, and reporting.
Uses of Excel: • Data analysis • Financial calculations • Business reporting • Charts & dashboards
2. BASIC EXCEL TERMINOLOGY Workbook – Excel file Worksheet – Sheet inside workbook Cell
– Intersection of row & column Range – Group of cells
3. CELL REFERENCING Relative Reference – A1 Absolute Reference – $A$1 Mixed Reference –
A$1 or $A1
4. BASIC FORMULAS Addition: =A1+B1 Subtraction: =A1-B1 Multiplication: =A1*B1 Division:
=A1/B1
5. IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS
SUM – =SUM(A1:A10) AVERAGE – =AVERAGE(A1:A10) COUNT – =COUNT(A1:A10) COUNTA –
=COUNTA(A1:A10) MAX – =MAX(A1:A10) MIN – =MIN(A1:A10)
6. LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
IF – =IF(A1>50,"Pass","Fail") AND – =AND(A1>50,B1>50) OR – =OR(A1>50,B1>50) NOT –
=NOT(A1>50)
7. TEXT FUNCTIONS
LEFT – =LEFT(A1,4) RIGHT – =RIGHT(A1,2) MID – =MID(A1,2,3) LEN – =LEN(A1) TRIM –
=TRIM(A1) UPPER – =UPPER(A1) LOWER – =LOWER(A1) CONCAT – =CONCAT(A1,B1)
8. DATE & TIME FUNCTIONS
TODAY – =TODAY() NOW – =NOW() DATE – =DATE(2025,1,1) DAY – =DAY(A1) MONTH –
=MONTH(A1) YEAR – =YEAR(A1)
9. LOOKUP FUNCTIONS (VERY IMPORTANT)
VLOOKUP – =VLOOKUP(A1,A2:C10,2,FALSE) HLOOKUP – =HLOOKUP(A1,A2:C10,2,FALSE)
XLOOKUP – =XLOOKUP(A1,A2:A10,B2:B10)
10. CONDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
COUNTIF – =COUNTIF(A1:A10,">50") SUMIF – =SUMIF(A1:A10,">50",B1:B10) AVERAGEIF –
=AVERAGEIF(A1:A10,">50")
11. DATA TOOLS
Sort Filter Conditional Formatting Remove Duplicates Data Validation
12. CHARTS Column Chart Bar Chart Line Chart Pie Chart
13. PIVOT TABLES Used to summarize large data
14. ERROR TYPES
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #NAME? #REF! #N/A
15. EXCEL SHORTCUT KEYS
Ctrl + C – Copy Ctrl + V – Paste Ctrl + Z – Undo Ctrl + S – Save
16. EXAM IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Explain IF function Difference between VLOOKUP &
XLOOKUP Types of cell references Pivot Table uses