THE STRUCTURES
OF
GLOBALIZATION
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
• Globalization is basically how the world feels more connected than ever—like we’re
all living in one big neighborhood.
• It’s when countries share and exchange ideas, products, services, culture, and even
technology across borders. Because of it, you can drink coffee grown in Brazil, wear
clothes made in Bangladesh, use a phone designed in the US but assembled in China,
and watch movies from Korea—all while sitting in your own home.
• In short, globalization is what makes the world’s economies, cultures, and people more
linked, making faraway places feel closer and more familiar.
3 COMPONENTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Academic literatire commonly subdivides globalization into three major
areas.
1. Economic Globalization
2. Cultural/Social Globalization
3. Political Globalization
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
• refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital,
services technology, and information.
• one of the most often mentioned in media
• associated with massive amounts of financially traded daily on the
different stock markets around the label “NEW ECONOMY”
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
in order to monitor the economy, 3 economic institutions were created.
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) - would oversee the international monetary
system;
• The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) later named
World Bank (WB) - would provide loans for European reconstruction but later
expanded its activities to the developing world.
• The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (renamed, of the World Trade
Organization in 1992) -would oversee multilateral trade agreements.
“INSTITUTIONAL BACKBONE OF ECONOMIC
GLOBALIZATION”
CULTURAL
refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values across national boarders.
GLOBALIZATION
1. Migration - this process has been going on for several centuries, with languages,
religious, beliefs, and values being spread by military conquest, missionary work, and
trade.
2. Food - food consumption is an important aspect of culture and most societies around
the world have diets that are unique to them.
3. Sport - all the international sporting events - most notably the World Cup and The
Olympics.
CULTURAL
Detraditionalization - refers to the process by which traditional cultural practices, beliefs, and
GLOBALIZATION
social norms lose their authority, stability, and influence over people’s lives.
Global Risk Consciousness - refers to the shared awareness that risks such as climate change,
pandemics, terrorism, economic crises, or technological threats are global in nature and require
collective cultural responses. Because of globalization, media and communication spread
knowledge of these risks across borders, creating a sense of a “global community” facing
common challenges.
POLITICAL
refers to the increasing interconnectedness of political
systems
GLOBALIZATION
and institutions across the world. It is the
process by which decisions, policies, and political
activities transcend national borders and become
influenced by global cooperation, organizations, and
movements.
GLOBAL ECONOMY
refers to the worldwide interconnected system of production,
trade, finance, and labor that links countries and people
across borders. It means that no country’s economy operates
in isolation—goods, services, money, and investments move
globally, creating interdependence among nations.
MARKET INTEGRATION
means the process of connecting and unifying different
national and regional markets into a single global market
where goods, services, labor, and capital move more
freely.
CONTEMPORARY
GLOBAL
refers to the wayGOVERNANCE
international issues are managed through
cooperation among states, international organizations,
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and even
corporations—since no single country can solve global
problems alone.
THANK YOU