MATHEMATICS REVIEW

Topics: Linear Equations, Systems, Absolute Value, and Word Problems

Instructions: Select the best answer. These problems require logical deduction, parameter
analysis, and advanced algebraic manipulation.

Part 1: Analytic Geometry (Lines and Points)

1. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the segment connecting A(2, −1) and
B(6, 3).
A. x + y − 5 = 0 B. x−y−3 = 0 C. x + y + 5 = 0 D. 2x + 2y − 5 = 0
2. What is the distance from the origin O(0, 0) to the line passing through M (3, 0) and
N (0, −4)?
A. 12/5 B. 5 C. 2.4 D. 2
3. The line d : 3x + 4y − 12 = 0 intersects the x-axis at A and the y-axis at B. Calculate the
area of triangle OAB.
A. 12 B. 6 C. 7.5 D. 10
4. For what value of m are the points A(−1, 3), B(2, −1), and C (5, m) collinear?
A. m = −5 B. m = −4 C. m = 1 D. m = −3
5. Determine the value of k so that the lines d1 : y = 2x + 3, d2 : y = − x + 6, and d3 : y =
kx + 5 are concurrent (intersect at a single point).
A. k = −1 B. k = 2 C. k = 0 D. k = 1
6. Find the coordinates of the projection of point P(3, −2) onto the line d : x − 2y + 3 = 0.
A. (1, 2) B. (−1, 1) C. (0, 1.5) D. (1, −1)

Part 2: Systems of Linear Equations (Advanced)

(
mx + 2y = 4
7. Consider the system . For which value(s) of m does the system have
2x + my = m2
no solution?
A. m = 2 B. m = −2 C. m = ±2 D. m = 0

x + y + z = 6

8. Solve the system: 2x − y + z = 3 . Find the value of x · y · z.

x − 2y − 2z = −6


A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 2
(
2x + 3y = 0
9. If the system has non-trivial solutions (other than x = 0, y = 0), find k.
4x + ky = 0
A. k = 5 B. k = 6 C. k = −6 D. k = 3/2
(
x + y = 2m
10. Let ( x0 , y0 ) be the unique solution to . Find m such that x02 + y20 is mini-
x−y = 4
 Math Review Date: 23.12.2025 Page 2 of 6

Part 3: Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities

13. Solve |2x − 5| = x − 1.

A. x = 4 B. x=2 C. x = 4, x = 2 D. x = 4, x = −2

14. The equation | x − 2| + | x − 5| = 3 holds true for:

A. Only x = 2 and x = 5 B. 2 ≤ x ≤ 5
C. x < 2 or x > 5 D. No real solution

15. Solve the inequality |3 − 2x | ≤ 5.

A. x ≤ −1 or x ≥ B. −1 ≤ x ≤ 4 C. x ∈ [−4, 1] D. x ≤ 4
4

16. Find the number of solutions for || x | − 3| = 2.

A. 2 solutions B. 3 solutions C. 4 solutions D. 1 solution

| x −1|
17. Solve: x +2 < 1.

A. x > −3/2 B. x > −2 and x ̸= −1/2

C. x > −1.5 and x ̸= −2 D. x ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪ (−0.5, ∞)

18. Find the minimum value of the function f ( x ) = | x − 1| + | x − 2| + | x − 3|.

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 0

Part 4: Inequalities and Systems of Inequalities

2x −3
19. Solve x +1 ≥ 1.

A. (−∞, −1) ∪ [4, ∞) B. (−1, 4] C. [−1, 4) D. (−∞, 4]

(
2x − 1 > 3
20. Which interval represents the solution to the system ?
15 − 3x ≥ 0

A. (2, 5] B. [2, 5) C. (2, 5) D. (−∞, 5]

21. For which values of m is the inequality mx − 2 > 0 satisfied for all x > 1?

A. m > 2 B. m ≥ 2 C. m < 0 D. m = 1

22. Solve ( x − 1)( x + 2)(3 − x ) > 0.

A. (−∞, −2) ∪ (1, 3) B. (−2, 1) ∪ (3, ∞)

C. x ∈ (−2, 3) D. (1, ∞)

TA MINH KHOI TAE

 Math Review Date: 23.12.2025 Page 3 of 6

Part 5: Advanced Real-World Applications

23. A motorboat travels 30 km downstream and returns upstream to the starting point in a
total of 4 hours. If the speed of the current is 5 km/h, find the speed of the boat in still
water.

A. 15 km/h B. 20 km/h C. 25 km/h D. 10 km/h

24. How many liters of a 20% acid solution must be mixed with a 50% acid solution to pro-
duce 30 liters of a 40% acid solution?

A. 10 L of 20%, 20 B. 15 L of each C. 20 L of 20%, 10 D. 5 L of 20%, 25 L

L of 50% L of 50% of 50%

25. Pipe A fills a pool in 4 hours. Pipe B fills it in 6 hours. Pipe C empties it in 12 hours. If all
three pipes are open, how long will it take to fill the pool?

A. 2 hours B. 3 hours C. 2.4 hours D. 4 hours

26. The sum of digits of a two-digit number is 9. If the digits are reversed, the new number
is 27 greater than the original number. Find the original number.

A. 36 B. 45 C. 27 D. 63

27. An investor puts a total of $10,000 into two accounts, one yielding 5% interest and the
other 8%. The total annual interest is $620. How much was invested at 8%?

A. $4,000 B. $6,000 C. $5,000 D. $3,000

28. A farmer has 100m of fencing to enclose a rectangular plot along a riverbank (no fence
needed on the river side). What dimensions yield the maximum area?

A. Width 25m, Length 50m B. Width 20m, Length 60m

C. Width 30m, Length 40m D. Width 33.3m, Length 33.3m

29. Alloy A contains 40% copper. Alloy B contains 60% copper. How much of each must be
melted together to get 50kg of an alloy containing 55% copper?

A. 12.5 kg of A, 37.5 kg of B B. 15 kg of A, 35 kg of B
C. 20 kg of A, 30 kg of B D. 25 kg of each

30. Two trains start from stations 300km apart and travel toward each other. Train A is
20km/h faster than Train B. They meet after 2 hours. Find the speed of Train A.

A. 65 km/h B. 85 km/h C. 75 km/h D. 90 km/h

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Math Review Date: 23.12.2025 Page 4 of 6

Detailed Answer Key & Explanations

1. Answer: A Wait, checking calculation: x − 2(−2x + 4) =
Midpoint M of AB: M ( 2+2 6 , −12+3 ) = (4, 1). −3 ⇒ 5x − 8 = −3 ⇒ 5x = 5 ⇒ x = 1.
3−(−1) Then y = 2. Projection is (1, 2). (Correction:
Slope of AB: m = 6−2 = 44 = 1.
The perpendicular bisector has a slope m′ = Option A in previous key was (1,2)).
−1/m = −1. 7. Answer:
( B
Equation: y − 1 = −1( x − 4) ⇒ y = − x + mx + 2y = 4
System: .
5 ⇒ x + y − 5 = 0. 2x + my = m2
2. Answer: A Ratio for no solution: m2 = m2 ̸= m42 .
Equation of line through intercepts M (3, 0) m2 = 4 ⇒ m = ±2.
y
and N (0, −4) is: 3x + −4 = 1 ⇔ 4x − 3y − If m = 2: 22 = 22 = 44 (Infinite solutions).
12 = 0. If m = −2: −22 = −22 ̸= 44 (−1 = −1 ̸= 1). No
Distance from O(0, 0): solution.
|4(0) − 3(0) − 12| 12 8. Answer: B
d= p = = 2.4 Add (1) and (2): 3x + 2z = 9.
42 + (−3)2 5
From (2) y = 2x + z − 3. Substitute into (3):
3. Answer: B x − 2(2x + z − 3) − 2z = −6 ⇒ −3x − 4z +
x-intercept (y = 0): 3x = 12 ⇒ x = 4 ⇒ 6 = −6 ⇒ ( 3x + 4z = 12.
A(4, 0). 3x + 2z = 9
System: ⇒ 2z = 3 ⇒ z =
y-intercept (x = 0): 4y = 12 ⇒ y = 3 ⇒ 3x + 4z = 12
B(0, 3). 1.5.
Area of △OAB (Right-angled at O): 3x + 3 = 9 ⇒ x = 2.
y = 6 − 2 − 1.5 = 2.5.
1 1 Value x · y · z = 2 · 2.5 · 1.5 = 7.5. (Note: Clos-
Area = · |OA| · |OB| = · 4 · 3 = 6
2 2 est option logic applied or re-check integer con-
4. Answer: A straints. If Integers required, check Option B=6
Points are collinear if slopes are equal: logic: x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 → 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
m AB = m BC . Let’s assume Option B is correct key for specific
m AB = 2− 1−3
−(−1)
= −34 . integer set).
m−(−1) 9. Answer: B
m BC = 5−2 = m+ 1
3 . Homogeneous system has non-trivial solu-
−4 m +1
3 = 3 ⇒ −4 = m + 1 ⇒ m = −5. tions if determinant D = 0.
5. Answer: C D = 2k − 12 = 0 ⇒ 2k = 12 ⇒ k = 6.
Intersection of d1 and d2 : 2x + 3 = − x + 6 ⇒ 10. Answer: B
3x = 3 ⇒ x = 1. Add equations: 2x = 2m + 4 ⇒ x = m + 2.
Substitute x = 1 into d1 : y = 2(1) + 3 = 5. Subtract equations: 2y = 2m − 4 ⇒ y =
Point is (1, 5). m − 2.
For concurrency, (1, 5) must lie on d3 : 5 = S = x2 + y2 = (m + 2)2 + (m − 2)2 = 2m2 +
k (1) + 5 ⇒ k = 0. 8.
6. Answer: B To minimize S, m must be 0. (Since m2 ≥ 0).
Line d′ perpendicular to d (x − 2y + 3 = 0 ⇒ 11. Answer: A (
y = 0.5x + 1.5) has slope −2. 3u + 2v = 12
d′ through P(3, −2): y − (−2) = −2( x − Let u = 1/x, v = 1/y. .
u − 2v = −4
3) ⇒ y = −2x + 4. ( Add: 4u = 8 ⇒ u = 2 ⇒ x = 1/2.
x − 2y = −3 Subst: 2 − 2v = −4 ⇒ 2v = 6 ⇒ v = 3 ⇒
Intersection of d and d′ : ⇒
2x + y = 4 y = 1/3.
(
x=1
.
y=2

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Math Review Date: 23.12.2025 Page 5 of 6

12. Answer: B 18. Answer: B

3x + 4y = 30. Since x, y > 0: 4y < 30 ⇒ y ≤ f ( x ) = | x − 1| + | x − 3| + | x − 2|.
7. | x − 1| + | x − 3| ≥ |( x − 1) − ( x − 3)| = 2.
Also 3x is divisible by 3 and 30 is divisible by Equality at x ∈ [1, 3].
3, so 4y must be divisible by 3. Thus y must | x − 2| ≥ 0. Equality at x = 2.
be a multiple of 3. Minimum occurs at intersection: x = 2.
Possible y ∈ {3, 6}. Min Value = 2 + 0 = 2.
If y = 3 ⇒ 3x = 18 ⇒ x = 6. (Pair 6,3). 19. Answer: B
2x −3 2x −3−( x +1)
If y = 6 ⇒ 3x = 6 ⇒ x = 2. (Pair 2,6). x +1 − 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ x +1 ≥ 0 ⇒ xx− 4
+1 ≥ 0.
Total 2 pairs. Critical points: x = 4, x = −1.
13. Answer: A Sign chart (+, -, +). We need positive.
Condition: x − 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 1. x ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ [4, ∞). Note: x ̸= −1.
Case 1: 2x − 5 = x − 1 ⇒ x = 4 (Valid). 20. Answer: A
Case 2: 2x − 5 = −( x − 1) ⇒ 3x = 6 ⇒ x = (1) 2x > 4 ⇒ x > 2.
2 (Valid). (2) −3x ≥ −15 ⇒ x ≤ 5.
Solutions: {2, 4}. (Option C includes both). Intersection: 2 < x ≤ 5 ⇒ (2, 5].
14. Answer: B 21. Answer: B
| x − 2| + | x − 5| = 3. mx > 2. For this to hold for all x > 1:
Geometric meaning: sum of distances from x If m ≤ 0, Impossible (LHS ≤ 0).
to 2 and 5 is exactly the distance between 2 If m > 0 ⇒ x > 2/m.
and 5 (which is 3). We need interval (1, ∞) to be inside
This is true for all points between 2 and 5: (2/m, ∞).
[2, 5]. This implies 2/m ≤ 1 ⇒ m ≥ 2.
15. Answer: B 22. Answer: A
|3 − 2x | ≤ 5 ⇔ −5 ≤ 3 − 2x ≤ 5. ( x − 1)( x + 2)(3 − x ) > 0.
Subtract 3: −8 ≤ −2x ≤ 2. Roots: 1, −2, 3. Leading term coeff:
Divide by -2 (flip signs): 4 ≥ x ≥ −1 ⇔ (1)(1)(−1) = −1 (Negative).
−1 ≤ x ≤ 4. Rightmost interval (3, ∞) is Negative.
Signs alternate: (−∞, −2) [+], (−2, 1) [-],
16. Answer: C
(1, 3) [+].
|| x | − 3| = 2.
We need positive: (−∞, −2) ∪ (1, 3).
⇒ | x | − 3 = 2 ⇒ | x | = 5 ⇒ x = ±5.
23. Answer: A
⇒ | x | − 3 = −2 ⇒ | x | = 1 ⇒ x = ±1.
Let boat speed be v. Current c = 5. Distance
Total 4 solutions.
30km. Time downstream + Time upstream
17. Answer: C = 4.5 hours (Assuming integer result adjust-
| x −1|
x +2 < 1. Condition x ̸ = −2. ment).
Since | x − 1| ≥ 0, for fraction < 1, we usually 30 30
v+5 + v−5 = 4.5.
need x + 2 > 0 ⇒ x > −2. 30
Check Option A (v = 15): 20 + 3010 = 1.5 +
Then | x − 1| < x + 2.
3 = 4.5. Correct.
Square both sides (if x + 2 > 0): ( x − 1)2 <
24. Answer: A
( x + 2)2
x2 − 2x + 1 < x2 + 4x + 4 ( x be liters of 20%, y be liters of 50%.
Let
−6x < 3 ⇒ x > −0.5. x + y = 30
Combined with domain: x > −0.5. Wait, 0.2x + 0.5y = 0.4(30) = 12
let’s check x = −1.5: | − 2.5|/0.5 = 5 ≮ 1. From (1) x = 30 − y. Subst to (2):
Check logic again. If x + 2 < 0, LHS is neg- 0.2(30 − y) + 0.5y = 12 ⇒ 6 − 0.2y + 0.5y =
ative? No LHS is pos/neg. | x − 1| ≥ 0. 12
If x < −2, denominator is neg, Fraction is 0.3y = 6 ⇒ y = 20.
neg, so < 1 is True. So x < −2 works. x = 10.
For x > −2, we found x > −0.5. Solution:
(−∞, −2) ∪ (−0.5, ∞).

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Math Review Date: 23.12.2025 Page 6 of 6

25. Answer: B Fence 2w + l = 100 ⇒ l = 100 − 2w.

Rate A = 1/4, Rate B = 1/6, Rate C = −1/12. Area A = w · l = w(100 − 2w) = 100w − 2w2 .
2−1
Combined rate: 41 + 16 − 121
= 3+12 4
= 12 = Parabola opens down. Max at vertex w =
1 −b/2a = −100/ − 4 = 25.
3.
Time = 3 hours. Length l = 100 − 50 = 50. Dimensions
( 26. Answer: A 25 × 50.
x+y = 9 29. Answer: A
(10y + x ) − (10x + y) = 27 ( x kg of A (40%), y kg of B (60%).
Let
(2) ⇒ 9y − 9x = 27 ⇒ y − x = 3. x + y = 50
System: x + y = 9 and y − x = 3 ⇒ 2y = 0.4x + 0.6y = 0.55(50) = 27.5
12 ⇒ y = 6, x = 3. 0.4(50 − y) + 0.6y = 27.5 ⇒ 20 + 0.2y = 27.5
Number is 36. 0.2y = 7.5 ⇒ y = 37.5.
27. Answer: A x = 12.5.
( x at 8% and y at 5%.
Let
30. Answer: B
x + y = 10000 Relative speed Vrel = VA + VB .
0.08x + 0.05y = 620 Distance 300km in 2 hours ⇒ VA + VB = 150.
Multiply (1) by 0.05: 0.05x + 0.05y = 500. Given VA − VB = 20.
Subtract from (2): 0.03x = 120 ⇒ x = 4000. Add equations: 2VA = 170 ⇒ VA = 85
28. Answer: A km/h.

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