Syllabus: Four-Year B. Tech Programme
Syllabus: Four-Year B. Tech Programme
FOR
2ndSEMESTER
Teaching
Sl. Subjec Hours/Week Maximum Marks
Subject Type Subject Code Credit
No. t Name
L T P IA EA PA Total
Basic UBSCH201 Chemistry 3 1 0 4
1 Science 30 70 0 100
Course
Basic UBSMH202 Mathematics-II 3 1 0 4
2 Science 30 70 0 100
Course
Engineering UESCS203 Programmingfor 3 0 0 3
3 Science ProblemSolving 30 70 0 100
Course
Basic ULCCH201 Chemistry Lab 0 0 3 1.5
4 Science 0 0 100 100
Course
Engineering ULCCS202 Programming for 0 0 4 2
5 Science Problem Solving 0 0 100 100
Course Lab
Engineering ULCME203 Engineering 1 0 4 3
6 Science Graphics and 0 0 100 100
Course DesignLab
Engineering UESIE202 BASIC 2 0 0 2 0
30 70 100
7 Science ELECTRONICS
Course ENGINEERING
LAB Course ULCIE202 BASIC 0 0 2 1 100
8 0 0 100
ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING LAB
Total 20.5 800
Total 23 800
4thSEMESTER
Teaching
Sl. Subject Subjec Hours/Week Maximum Marks
Subject Type Credit
No. Code t Name
L T P IA EA PA Total
Core UPCCS401 Algorithm Design 3 0 0 3
1 30 70 0 100
Course & Analysis
Core UPCCS402 Computer 3 1 0 4
2 Course Organization & 30 70 0 100
Architecture
Core UPCCS403 Operating Systems 3 0 0 3
3 30 70 0 100
Course
Engg. UESCS404 Formal Language & 3 0 0 3
4 Science Automata Theory 30 70 0 100
Course
Humanities UHSMH406 Organizational 3 0 0 3
5 Science Behavior 30 70 0 100
Course
Lab Course ULCCS401 Algorithm Design 0 0 3 1.5
6 0 0 100 100
& Analysis Lab
Lab Course ULCCS402 Computer 0 0 3 1.5
7 Organization & 0 0 100 100
Architecture Lab
Lab Course ULCCS403 Operating Systems 0 0 3 1.5
8 Lab 0 0 100 100
Mandatory Environmental
9 Course UMCCE401 Science 2 0 0 0 30 70 0 100
5thSEMESTER
Teaching
Sl. Subjec Hours/Week Maximum Marks
Subject Type Subject Code Credit
No. t Name
L T P IA EA PA Total
Core UPCCS501 Database 3 0 0 3
1 Course management 30 70 0 100
Systems
Core UPCCS502 Computer 3 0 0 3
2 Course 30 70 0 100
Networks
Core UPCCS503 Internet & Web 3 0 0 3
3 Course 30 70 0 100
Technologies
Core UPCCS504 Artificial 3 0 0 3
4 30 70 0 100
Course Intelligence
UPECS501 Advance 3 0 0 3
Computer
Architecture
5
Programme 30 70 0 100
Elective-I UPECS502 System
Programming
UPECS503 Image Processing
Open 3 0 0 3
6 Elective-I 30 70 0 100
Lab Course ULCCS501 Database 0 0 3 1.5
7 management 0 0 100 100
Systems Lab
Lab Course ULCCS502 Computer 0 0 3 1.5
8 0 0 100 100
Networks Lab
Lab Course ULCCS503 Internet & Web 0 0 3 1.5
9 0 0 100 100
Technologies Lab
Total 22.5 900
6thSEMESTER
Teaching
Sl. Subject Subject Hours/Week Maximum Marks
No. Subject Type Credit
Code Name
L T P IA EA PA Total
Core UPCCS601 Compiler Design 3 0 0 3
1 30 70 0 100
Course
Core UPCCS602 Software 3 0 0 3
2 Course 30 70 0 100
Engineering
Programme UPEIE612 Signal & Systems 3 0 0 3
Elective-II
UPECS602 Embedded
Systems
3 UPECS603 Advance 30 70 0 100
Operating
Systems
UPECS604 Soft Computing
Programme UPECS605 Speech & Natural 3 0 0 3
4 Elective-III Language 30 70 0 100
Processing.
UPECS606 Data Mining
7thSEMESTER
Teaching
Sl. Subject Subjec Hours/Week Maximum Marks
No. Subject Type Credit
Code t Name
L T P IA EA PA Total
Programme UPECS701 Computational 3 0 0 3
Elective-IV Number Theory
UPECS702 Quantum Computing
1 30 70 0 100
UPECS703 Computer Graphics
UPECS704 Ad-hoc & Sensor
Networks
Programme UPECS705 Cryptography & 3 0 0 3
Elective-V Network Security
UPECS706 Computational
Geometry
2 30 70 0 100
UPECS707 Object Oriented
Analysis & Design.
UPECS708 Microprocessor &
Microcontroller.
Programme UPECS709 Optimization 3 0 0 3
3 Elective-VI 30 70 0 100
Techniques
UPECS710 Cloud Computing
UPECS711 VLSI System
Design
Open 3 0 0 3
4 Elective-III 30 70 0 100
Humanities UHSMH701 Entrepreneurship 3 0 0 3
5 Science Development 30 70 0 100
Course
Project UPRCS701 Minor Project Course 0 0 8 4
6 0 0 100 100
Course
7 Seminar USECS701 Seminar 0 0 2 1 0 0 100 100
Total 20 700
8thSEMESTER
Sl. Subject Subject Teaching Hours/Week Maximum Marks
No. Subject Type Credit
Code Name L T P IA EA PA Total
Project UPRCS801 Project Course / 0 0 24 12
1 0 0 100 100
Course Internship
Core UPCCS801 Comprehensive 0 0 2 1
2 0 0 100 100
Course Viva-Voce
Total 13
200
Year-1st
(1st& 2ndSemester)
Programming for Problem Solving
Course Objectives :
Course Outcomes:
After the course the students are expected to be able to (this is what the exams will test) :
1. Identify situations where computational methods and computers would beuseful.
2. Given a computational problem, identify and abstractthe programming taskinvolved.
3. Approach the programming tasks using techniques learned and writepseudo-code.
4. Choose the right data representation formats based on the requirements of theproblem.
5. Use the comparisons and limitations of the various programming constructs and choose the
right one for the task inhand.
6. Write the program on a computer, edit, compile, debug, correct, recompile and runit.
7. Identify tasks in which the numerical techniques learned are applicable and apply them to
write programs, and hence use computers effectively to solve thetask.
Module-1:
Introduction to Programming, Introduction to components of a computer system (disks, memory,
processor, where a program is stored and executed, operating system, compilers etc.)
Idea of Algorithm: steps to solve logical and numerical problems. Representation of Algorithm:
Flowchart/ Pseudo code with examples, From algorithms to programs; source code, variables (with data
types) variables and memory locations, Syntax and Logical Errors in compilation, object and executable
code , Arithmetic expressions and precedence
Module-2:
Conditional Branching and Loops , Arrays (1-D, 2-D), Character arrays and Strings
Functions (including using built in libraries), Parameter passing in functions, call by value, Passing
arraystofunctions:idea ofcallbyreference,Recursion,asa different wayofsolvingproblems.
Module-3:
Structure &Unions , Defining structures and Array of Structures, Pointers, Idea of pointers, Defining
pointers, Pointers to functions, Double pointers.
Module-4:
Dynamic memory allocation, use of malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), free(). Storage classes: local, global,
static & register variables. File handling: reading & writing to a file.
Text Books
(i) Byron Gottfried, Schaum's Outline of Programming with C,McGraw-Hill
(ii)E. Balaguruswamy, Programming in ANSI C, TataMcGraw-Hill
Reference Books
(i) BrianW. [Link], TheCProgrammingLanguage, Prentice
Hall ofIndia
Programming for Problem Solving Lab
Lab1: Familiarization with programming environment
Physics(3-1-0)
Course Outcomes:
Classical Dynamics: Newton’s laws of motion, generalized coordinates, constraints, Principle of virtual
work,D’Alembert’sPrinciple,Lagrangian,Actionprinciple,Lagrangeequationofmotion(noderivation) and its
application to Simple Harmonic oscillator and simplependulum.
General properties of Matter: Stress, Strain, Hooks’ law, Young’s modulus.
Oscillation & Waves: Simple Harmonic Oscillation, damped harmonic oscillation, forced oscillator,
resonance, coupled oscillation, concept of wave and wave equation.
Optics: Concept of interference, two source interference pattern, Biprism, Michelson Interferometer &
[Link]:Huygensprinciple,Fresnel&Fraunhoferdiffraction,Zoneplate, Plane
diffraction grating (formulaonly).
Module 2: (12 Hours)
Solid State Physics: Crystalline and amorphous solid, unit cell, Miller Indices, Reciprocal lattice, Bragg’s law,
Brillouin’s zone, concept of fermions, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution
function (only statement and formula), Concept of Fermions and Bosons. Classification of materials: metals,
semiconductor and insulator in terms of band theory.
LASER and Fibre Optics: Principle and application, stimulated emission, population inversion, Lasing
material (solid and gas), He-Ne laser, Rubi- LASER, Application of LASER (Engineering Application),
Principle of optical fibre and its application to communication.
Module 3: (12 Hours)
Electromagnetism: Student will be familiarized with some basics used in vector calculus prior to development
of Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave equations. No proof of theorems and laws included in this unit expected-
statement and interpretation should sufficient.
a) Vector calculus: gradient of scalar field, divergence, curl of vector field (Only Physical significance)
Gauss divergence theorem, Stoke’s theorem, Green’s theorem (Only Statements) and applications.
b) Gauss’s law of electrostatics in free space and in a medium and application (Only statements) electric
displacement (D) magnetic Induction (B), Amperes circuital law (Only statements), displacement
current,Faraday’slawofelectromagneticinduction(Onlystatements),BiotSavartsLaw(Onlystatements), Maxwell’s
four electromagnetic equations, Wave equation for E and B fields in vacuum, Electromagnetic energy, Poynting
vector (noderivation).
Quantum Physics: Elementary concepts of quantum physics formulation to deal with physical systems.
a) Need for Quantum Physics-Historical overviews, Particle aspects of radiation- Black body radiation,
photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, pair production. (No derivations), Wave aspect of
particles-matterwave,deBroglieHypothesis,HeisenbergUncertaintyprinciples-Statement,Interpretation and
application to H-atom, Harmonic oscillator to calculate ground stateenergy.
b) Basic features of Quantum mechanics- Transition from deterministic to probabilistic, States of
system-Wavefunction,probabilitydensity,superpositionprinciple,observablesandoperators,expectation values.
Schrodinger equation- Time dependent and time independent, wavepackets.
Text Books:
Basic ElectricalEngineering(3-1-0)
This is a foundation course aimed to expose the students the basic and under- lying principles ofElectrical
circuits, Electro-mechanical energy conversion andMeasurements.
Course Outcomes
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits: Fundamentals of electrical circuit, Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s laws, series and
parallel connections, Electric Power and sign conventions, circuit elements and their characteristics. Practical
voltage and current sources. Source Conversion.
ResistiveNetworkAnalysis:nodevoltageandmeshcurrentmethods,supernodeandsupermeshmethods,
delta-starandstar-deltaconversions,superpositionprinciple,Thevenin’sandNorton’[Link]
powertransfer.
Module 2: (10 Hours)
Single phase AC circuits: Single phase emf generation, Representation of sinusoidal waveforms, average,
effective, peak and rms values, j operators, phasor concept, Analysis of single-phase ac circuits consisting of
R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC combinations (series and parallel) Instantaneous Power in AC Circuits, Real power,
reactive power, apparent power, Power Factor, Power triangle, Complex Power.
Three-phase AC circuits: Three phase emf generation, Delta-star and star- delta conversions, voltage and
[Link] balanced
load conditions, phasor diagram, measurement of power in three phasecircuits.
Transient Analysis: Writing differential equations for circuits, DC steady state solutions of first order circuits.
Module 3: (10 Hours)
ElectricalMeasuringinstruments:Introduction,PMMCAmmetersandVoltmeterswithextensionofrange,
Moving-Iron Ammeters and Voltmeters, Dynamometer type Wattmeter, Energymeter.
Magneticcircuits:MMF,flux,reluctance,[Link],[Link] field,
Electricity and Magnetism, B-H characteristics and hysteresis loss, series and parallel magnetic circuits.
Transformers:Construction,operatingprinciple,[Link],phasor diagrams
for no loadoperation.
DCMachines:PrincipleofOperationofgeneratorandmotor,EMFequation,TorqueEquation,methodsof excitation.
Speed equation of d.c. motor, speed control of d.c. shuntmotor.
Induction motor: construction of AC inductor machines, Revolving magnetic flux, torque and slip,
synchronous speed.
Power Systems: Brief idea about various generating plants (Thermal, Hydel, and Nuclear), Transmission and
Distribution of Electric Energy.
Text Books:
1. Electrical & Electronic Technology, E. Huges, Pearson, 9thEdition.
2. Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, Vincent Del Toro, 2nd Edition,PHI.
Reference Books:
1. C. L. Wadhwa,” Electrical Engineering”, New Age International Publishers, 2ndEdition.
2. Basic Electrical Engineering, A. Fitzgerald, D. E. Higginbotham and A. Grabel, TMH, 5thEd.
English(2-0-0)
Course Outcome
Introduction to Communication:
Importance of Communication in English, the process of communication and factors that influence the
process of communication: Sender, receiver, channel, code, topic, message, context, feedback, ’noise’.
Principles of Communication. Barriers to Communication & Communication Apprehension, Verbal (Spoken
and Written) and non-verbal communication, Body language and its importance in communication.
Module 2: (07 Hours)
Prose:
Poetry:
• Nissim Ezekiel:Professor.
PhysicsLab(0-0-3)
List of Experiments
(At least 10 experiments should be done)
Experiment List:
Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the students are able to:
1. Learn about the working of different measuring instruments for measuring power, power factor,
energyetc.
2. Verify different NetworkTheorems
3. Draw the Open Circuit Characteristics of dc generator andTransformer
4. Visualize the constructional details of differentmachines
Experiment List:
1. Basic safety precautions. Introduction and use of measuring instruments - voltmeter, ammeter,
wattmeter, Rheostat, multi-meter,oscilloscope.
2. Connection and measurement of power consumption of an Incandescent, fluorescent, LED and CFL
lamp and determination of power factor.
3. Power and power factor measurements in three phase system by two wattmetermethod.
4. Verification of super position, Thevenin and Norton’stheorem.
5. Plotting of B-H curve of different magnetic material and calculation of hysteresisloss.
6. Testing of a single-phase energy meter at different powerfactor.
7. Calculation of power and power factor in series R-L-C circuit excited by single-phase AC supply and
draw the phasor diagram.
8. Determination of open circuit characteristics (OCC) of DC shuntgenerator.
9. Measuring the steady-state and transient time-response of R-L, R-C, and R-L-C circuits to a step
change involtage.
10. Observationoftheno-loadcurrentwaveformofatransformeronanoscilloscopeandmeasurement of primary
and secondary voltages and currents, and power at differentload.
11. Demonstration of cut-out sections of machines: dc machine (commutator- brush arrangement),
induction machine (squirrel cage rotor), synchronous machine (field winding - slip ringarrangement).
Workshop/Basic ManufacturingPractices(1-0-4)
Module 1: (05 Hours)
Welding: Study of electric arc welding tools &equipments, Models: Butt Joint, Lap Joint, T joint & L- joint.
Machining: Introduction to different machine tools: Lathe machine, Shaper machine and milling machine.
Brief introduction to other basic manufacturing processes like foundry, sheet metal operation and forming
processes.
Text Books:
1. Elements of Workshop Technology, Vol. I and II by Hajrachoudhary, KhannaPublishers.
2. Workshop Technology by W. A. J. Chapman, VivaBooks.
3. Workshop Manual by Kannaiah/ Narayana,Scitech.
EnglishLab(0-0-2)
List of Experiments
(All the experiments should be done)
Course Outcome:
Lab sessions will give a platform for the students to indulge in activities based on the first two modules of
[Link] of language
(LSRW) arecovered.
Experiment List:
1. Speaking: Ice-breaking and Introducing each other, Writing: Happiest and saddest moment of my life.
2. Listening: Listening practice (ear training): News clips, Movie clips, Presentation, Lecture or speech by
a speaker, Speaking:Debate.
3. Reading: Reading comprehension, Writing: Creative writing (Short story: Hints to be given by teacher).
4. Reading:TopicsofGeneralawareness,CommonerrorsinEnglishusage,Writing:Constructionof different
types ofsentences.
5. Speaking: Practice of vowel and consonant sounds, Writing: Practice of syllabledivision.
6. Speaking: My experience in the college/ or any other topic as per the convenience of the student,
Writing: Phonemic transcription practice.
7. Listening: Practice of phonetics through ISIL system and also with the help of a dictionary, Speaking:
Role-play ingroups.
8. Speaking: Practice sessions on Stress and Intonation, Writing: Practice sessions on Grammar (Tense
and voicechange).
9. Speaking: Extempore, Writing: Framing sentences using phrasal verbs andidioms.
10. Watching a short English Movie, Writing: Critical analysis of themovie.
End-termAssignment:Studentsarerequiredtomakeaprojectofatleast5pagesonatopiconthefollowing broad
streams: Technology, General awareness, Gender, Environment, Cinema, Books and the like. The assignment
should involve data collection, analysis andreporting.
Mathematics-I(3-1-0)
Course Outcomes
Calculus:Asymptote,Curvature,Convergenceofsequenceandseries,testsforconvergence,powerseries, Taylor’s
series, Fourierseries.
Partialdifferentiation,Taylor’stheoremforfunctionoftwovariables,MaximaandMinimaforfunctionof
twovariables.
Module 2: (10 Hours)
Vector differential calculus: vector and scalar functions and fields, Derivatives, Curves, tangents and arc
length, gradient, divergence, curl.
Vector integral calculus: Line Integrals, Green Theorem, Surface integrals, Gauss theorem and Stokes
Theorem.
Module 3: (10 Hours)
Differential Equation: Differential Equation: First order differential equations, Separable Equation, Exact
differentialequation,lineardifferentialequation,Bernoulli’sequationandapplicationtoElectricalcircuits.
Lineardifferentialequationofsecondandhigherorder,Homogeneousequationwithconstantco-efficient,
Euler-Cauchy equations, Solution by undetermined co-efficient, Solutions by variation of parameters,
Modelling of electriccircuits.
Module 4: (10 Hours)
Series solution of differential equations, Power series method, Legendre equation and Legendre polynomials.
Laplace transformation and its use in getting solution to differential equations, Convolution, Integral
Equations.
Text Books:
1. Differential Calculus by Santi Narayan and Mittal, Chapters 14, 15Publication.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, Tenth Edition,Wiley.
3. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B. V. Raman, McGraw HillsEducation.
Reference Books:
1. Engineering Mathematics by Pal and S. Bhunia, OxfordPublication.
2. Ordinary and Partial Differential equations by J. Sinha Roy and S. Padhy, KalyaniPublishers.
3. Advance Engineering Mathematics by P. V. O’Neil,Cengage.
Reference Books:
1. A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits: Theory and Applications, 7th edition. Oxford, 2017.
2. B. Razavi, Fundamentals of Microelectronics, 2nd edition. Wiley-India, 2014.
3. R. L. Boylestad and L. Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 11th edition. Pearson, 2013.
4. T. C. Carusone, D. Johns, and K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, 2nd edition. Wiley-India, 2013.
5. P. R. Gray, P. J. Hurst, S. H. Lewis, and R. G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, 5th edition.
Wiley-India, 2009.
6. D. A. Neamen, Electronic Circuits: Analysis and Design, 3rd edition. Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.
3 Construction of half-wave rectifier and full wave rectifier circuits & study of 3
their output waveforms by CRO and calculation of efficiency and ripple factor.
Chemistry(3-1-0)
Course Outcomes
QuantumChemistryandSpectroscopy:[Link] to
Schrodinger Wave Equation, Particle in a box: Energy levels, quantum numbers and selectionrule.
Spectroscopy: Lambert Beer’s Law, Principles and applications of UV-Visible Molecular Absorption
Spectroscopy; Chromophores, applications to colorimetry. Effect of conjugation on chromophores,
Absorption by aromatic systems, introductory idea on Rotational and Vibrational Spectroscopy Principles and
application to diatomic molecules.
The phase rule: Statement of Gibb’s phase rule and explanation of the terms involved, Phase diagram of
onecomponentsystem-waterandsulfursystem,Condensedphaserule,Phasediagramoftwocomponent system -
Eutectic Bi-Cdsystem
Module 2: (10 Hours)
Corrosion: Electrochemical theory of corrosion, galvanic series, Types of corrosion; Differential metal
corrosion, Differential aeration corrosion (Pitting and water line corrosion), Stress corrosion (caustic
embrittlementinboilers),Factorsaffecting,Metalcoatings-GalvanizingandTiming,Corrosioninhibitors,
cathodicprotection.
Text Books:
1. Text Book in Applied Chemistry by A. N. Acharya and B. Samantaray, PearsonIndia.
2. Introductory to Quantum Chemistry by A. K. Chandra, 4th Edition, McGraw HillEducation.
3. Fundamentals of Molecular & Spectroscopy by Banwell, Tata McGraw HillEducation.
4. Physical Chemistry by Gordon M. Barrow,McGraw-Hill
5. Engineering Chemistry, 12th Edition, Author: Wiley India Editorial Team PublishersWiley.
6. Engineering Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications. Shikha Agarwal. Cambridge University Press.
7. Engineering Chemistry, Jain and Jain, Dhanpat RaiPublication.
Reference Books:
1. Inorganic Chemistry by Donald A. Tarr, Gary Miessler, Pearson India, ThirdEdition.
2. Quantum Chemistry by Ira N. Levine, Pearson 7thEdition.
3. Molecular Spectroscopy, Ira N. Levine, John Wiley andSons
4. Modern Spectroscopy - A Molecular Approach, by Donald McQuarrie and John Simon,published by
University ScienceBooks.
5. Inorganic Chemistry by W. Overton, Rounk and Armstrong, Oxford University Press, 6thedition.
ChemistryLab(0-0-3)
List of Experiments
(At least 10 experiments should be done)
Experiment List:
1. Determination of amount of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate in amixture.
2. Determination of total hardness of water by EDTAmethod.
3. Estimation of calcium in calcium inlimestone.
4. Determination of percentage of available chlorine in a sample of bleachingpowder.
5. Preparation ofPhenolphthalein.
6. Acid-Base Titration byPotentiometry.
7. Preparation of buffer solution and determination of pH of a buffersolution.
8. Standardization of KMnO4 using sodium oxalate. Determination of ferrous iron in Mohr’s salt by
potassiumpermanganate.
9. Determination of partition coefficients of iodine between benzene andwater.
10. Determination of rate constant of acid catalyzed hydrolysisreaction.
11. Determination of concentration of a colored substance byspectrophotometer.
12. Determination of dissolved oxygen in a sample ofwater.
13. Determination of Viscosity of a lubricating oil by Red Woodviscometer.
14. Determination of Flash point of a given oil by Pensky-Marten’s flash pointapproach.
15. Determination of Critical Micelle concentration (CMC) of an ionic surfactant (Both cationic and
anionic).
Introduction: Introduction to Engineering Drawing, Drawing Instruments and their uses, Dimensioning,
Scale, types of lines, Lettering. (1 sheet)
Orthographic Projection: Introduction to Projection, Projection types or methods (First angle and Third angle)
PlaneofProjection,Referenceline,orthographicProjectionofPoints(pointslocatedinallfourquadrants), Projection
of Straight lines (first and third quad- rant only), traces of lines. (1sheet)
Orthographic Projection of Plane Surfaces in various positions (Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Rhombus,
Pentagon, hexagon and Circle), Traces of a Plane. (1 sheet)
Introduction to Solids and Types of Solids, Orthographic Projection of Solids in different Positions. (1 sheet)
Module 2: (05 Hours)
Sections and Development of Lateral Surface of Solids: Sectional view (half section and full section),
development of surfaces of right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones. (1 sheet)
Isometric Projection: Introduction, Isometric Scale, Isomeric projection of cube, right regular prism, cylinders
and cones. (1 sheet)
Applications: Orthographic and sectional view of Machine components (Screw Thread, nut and bolt). (1
Sheet)
Auto CAD: Introduction to Auto CAD. Fundamental concepts.
Text Books:
1. Machine Drawing by N. D. Bhatt, V. M. Panchal, Charotar PublishingHouse.
2. Machine Drawing by N. D. Junarkar, PearsonEducation.
3. Machine Drawing with AutoCAD by GoutamPohit and Goutam Ghosh, PearsonEducation.
Machine Drawing includes AutoCAD by Ajeet Singh, Tata McGrawHill
Mathematics-II(3-1-0)
Course Outcome:
Matrices, vectors: addition and scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication: Linear systems of equations,
linear independence, rank of a matrix, determinants, Cramer’s rule, inverse of a matrix, Gauss elimination and
Gauss-Jordan elimination.
Vector space, linear dependence of vectors, basis, dimension.
Module 2: (10 Hours)
Linear transformations (maps), range and kernel of a linear map, rank and nullity, Inverse of a linear
transformation, rank-nullity theorem, composition of linear maps, matrix associated with a linear map.
Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, symmetric, skew-symmetric and orthogonal matrices, Eigen basis,
Diagonalization, Inner product spaces, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization.
Module 3: (10 Hours)
Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations - Bisection method, Newton- Raphson methods and
Regula-Falsi method.
Finite differences, Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae, Newton’s
divided difference and Lagrange’s formulae, Numerical approximation of functions.
Module 4: (10 Hours)
Numerical differentiation, Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules, Gauss
Legendre and Gauss quadrature rule.
Gauss Siedel iteration method for solving a system of linear equations Euler and modified Euler’s methods,
Runge-Kutta methods.
Text Books:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, John Willey & Sons Inc. 10thEdition
2. Linear algebra and its applications by Gilbert Strang, Cengagelearning.
Reference Books:
1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B. V. Ramana, McGraw Hill Edu-cation.
2. Engineering Mathematics by Pal and S. Bhunia, OxfordPublication.
3. Advance Engineering Mathematics by P. V.O’Neil.
4. Introductory methods of numerical analysis by S. S. Sastry,PHI.
DETAILED 4-YEAR CURRICULUMCONTENTS
Year-2nd
(3rd& 4thSemester)
Discrete Structures
Module-1:
Introduction to proofs, Proof methods and strategy, Mathematical induction, Strong induction and well
ordering, The basics of counting, The pigeonhole principle, Inclusion and exclusion principle and its
applications.
Module-2:
Recurrence relations, Solving linear recurrence relations, Generating functions, Solving recurrence
relation by generatingfunctions.
Graphs and graph models, Graph terminology and special types of graphs, Matrix representation
of graphs and graph isomorphism, Connectivity, Euler and Hamilton paths. Tree: Binary tree, Searching,
Tree traversal, Spanning Tree, DFS, Minimum SpanningTree.
Module-3:
Algebraic systems, Semi groups and monoids, Groups , Subgroups, Homomorphism’s, Normal subgroup
and cosets , Lagrange’s theorem, Definitions and examples of Rings and Fields.
Partial ordering, Posets, Lattices as posets, Properties of lattices, Lattices as algebraic systems, Sub
lattices, Direct product and homomorphism, Boolean algebra.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Kenneth [Link], “Discrete Mathematics and its Applications”, 7th Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, Special Indian Edition, 2011.
2. C. L. Liu and D. Mohaptra, “Elements of Discrete Mathematics”, Third Edition, 2008, Tata
McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi
REFERENCES:
1. [Link]., “Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied Introduction”,
4th Edition, Pearson Education Asia, Delhi,2007.
2. Thomas Koshy., “Discrete Mathematics with Applications”, Elsevier Publications,2006.
3. Seymour Lipschutz and Mark Lipson., “Discrete Mathematics”, Schaum’s Outlines, Tata Mc
Graw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd Edition,2010.
1. To give an exposure to the students the basic concepts of Probability and Statistical methods and
theirapplication.
2. To use appropriate statistical terms to describedata.
3. To use appropriate statistical methods to collect, organize, display and analyze relevantdata.
4. To serve as a foundation to analyze problems in Science and Engineering applications through
Statistical testingMethod.
Syllabus
:
ModuleI
Probability: Introduction, Probability of an event, additive rule & multiplication rule,
conditional probability, Bayes’ rule, random variable, discrete and continuous probability distribution,
Joint probability distribution, Mathematical expectations, Variance and Co- variance of random variables,
Mean and Co- variance of linear combination of random variables, Chebyshev theorem,
Module II
Discrete Probability Distribution: Binomial & Multinomial, Hyper-geometric, Geometric, Poisson
distribution.
Continuous Probability Distribution: Uniform , Normal , Exponential Distribution, Weibull’s
Distribution, Chi-square Distribution, Sampling Distribution: Sampling Distribution of S2, t Distribution,
FDistribution.
Module III
Estimation of parameter: methods of estimation, Estimating the mean of a single sample, Standard error,
Prediction interval, Tolerance limits, Estimating the difference between means of two samples, Estimating
proportion and variance of single sample, Estimating the difference between two proportions and
variances of two samples, maximum likelihood estimation.
Module IV
Testing of hypothesis: one and two tailed test, test on a single mean when variance is known & variance is
unknown. Test on two means, test on single mean and two mean populations. One and two sample test for
variance. test for goodness of fit and test forindependence.
Introduction to linear regression: Simple regression models, method of least squares, Properties of least
square estimators, Inferences concerning the regression coefficients, Coefficients of determination and its
application.
1. Ronald E. Walpole, Raymond H. Myers, Sharon L. Myers & Keying Ye, “Probability & Statistics
for Engineers & Scientists", Eighth Edition, 2007, Pearson Education Inc., NewDelhi.
2. Jay L. Devore, “Probability and Statistics for Engineering and Sciences”, Seventh
Edition, Thomson/CENGAGE Learning India [Link]
Reference books:
1. William Mendenhall, Robert J. Beaver & Barbara M. Beaver, "Introduction to Probability and
Statistics", 13th Edition, 2009, CENGAGE Learning India Pvt. Ltd., NewDelhi.
2. T. Veerarajan,” Probability, Statistics and Random Processes”, Tata McGrawHill
3. Ronald Deep, “ Probability and Statistics”, AcademicPress
Course Outcomes: On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to
Data Structures
Course Objectives:
1Understand and remember algorithms and its analysisprocedure.
2 Introduce the concept of data structures through ADT including List, Stack,
Queues. 3 To design and implement various data structurealgorithms.
4To introduce various techniques for representation of the data in the realworld.
5To develop application using data structure algorithms. 6 Compute the complexity of variousalgorithms
Course Outcomes:
1Select appropriate data structures as applied to specified problemdefinition.
2 Implement operations like searching, insertion, and deletion, traversing mechanism etc. on
various data structures.
3 Students will be able to implement Linear and Non-Linear data
structures. 4 Implement appropriate sorting/searching technique for
givenproblem.
5 Design advance data structure using NonLinear data
structure. 6 Determine and analyze the complexity of given
Algorithms.
Module 1:
Introduction: Basic Terminologies: Elementary Data Organizations, Data
Structure Stacks and Queues: ADT Stack and its operations: Algorithms and their
complexity analysis, Applications of Stacks: Expression Conversion and evaluation –
corresponding
algorithms and complexity analysis. ADT queue, Types of Queue: Simple Queue,
Circular Queue, Priority Queue; Operations on each types of Queues: Algorithms and their
analysis.
Module 2:
Linked Lists: Singly linked lists: Representation in memory, Algorithmsof several operations:
Traversing, Searching, Insertion into, Deletion from linked list; Linked representation of Stack
and Queue, Header nodes, Doubly linked list: operations on it and algorithmic analysis; Circular
Linked Lists: all operations. Trees: Basic Tree Terminologies, Different types of Trees:
Binary Tree, Threaded Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, AVL Tree; Tree operations
oneach of the trees and their algorithms with complexity analysis. Applications of Binary
Trees. BTree.
Module 3:
Sorting and S e a r c h i n g :Objective and properties of different sorting algorithms:
Selection Sort, Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort, Merge Sort, Heap Sort;
Performance and Comparison among all the methods, Hashing. Searching: Linear & binary
search Graph: Basic Terminologies and Representations, Graph search and traversal algorithms
and complexityanalysis.
Suggested text books:
1. “Fundamentals of Data Structures”, Illustrated Edition by Ellis Horowitz,
SartajSahni, Computer SciencePress.
Text Books:
1.C++: The Complete Reference- Schildt, McGraw-Hill Education(India)
2.ANSI and Turbo C++ - Ashoke N. Kamthane, PearsonEducation
Reference Books:
1.Big C++ - WileyIndia
2. “C++ and Object Oriented Programming” - Jana, PHILearning.
3.“Object Oriented Programming with C++ “- Rajiv Sahay,Oxford
4.Mastering C++ - Venugopal, McGraw-Hill Education(India)
Discrete Structures
Module-1:
Introduction to proofs, Proof methods and strategy, Mathematical induction, Strong induction and well
ordering, The basics of counting, The pigeonhole principle, Inclusion and exclusion principle and its
applications.
Module-2:
Recurrence relations , Solving linear recurrence relations , Generating functions, Solving recurrence
relation by generating functions. Graphs and graph models, Graph terminology and special types of
graphs, Matrix representation of graphs and graph isomorphism, Connectivity, Euler and Hamilton paths.
Module-3:
Algebraic systems, Semi groups and monoids, Groups , Subgroups, Homomorphism’s, Normal subgroup
and cosets , Lagrange’s theorem, Definitions and examples of Rings and Fields. Partial ordering, Posets,
Lattices as posets, Properties of lattices, Lattices as algebraic systems, Sub lattices, Direct product and
homomorphism, Boolean algebra.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Kenneth [Link], “Discrete Mathematics and its Applications”, 7th Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, Special Indian Edition, 2011.
2. Tremblay J.P. and Manohar R, “Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to
Computer Science”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd, New Delhi, 30th Reprint,2011.
3. C. L. Liu and D. Mohaptra, “Elements of Discrete Mathematics”, Third Edition, 2008, Tata
McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi
REFERENCES:
1. [Link]., “Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied Introduction”,
4th Edition, Pearson Education Asia, Delhi,2007.
2. Thomas Koshy., “Discrete Mathematics with Applications”, Elsevier Publications,2006.
3. Seymour Lipschutz and Mark Lipson., “Discrete Mathematics”, Schaum’s Outlines, Tata Mc
Graw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd Edition,2010.
Module – II
Greedy Algorithms, Elements of Greedy strategy, Activity selection Problem, Fractional knapsack
problem, Huffman codes, Dynamic programming methodology, Elements of dynamic programming,
Assembly scheduling problem, Matrix-chain multiplication, Longest common subsequence.
Module – III
Graph Algorithms and their characteristics, Breadth first search and depth-first search, Minimum
Spanning Trees, Kruskal algorithm and Prim's algorithms, single- source shortest paths (Bellman-ford
algorithm and Dijkstra's algorithms), All-pairs shortest paths (Floyd – WarshallAlgorithm).
Module – IV
Back tracking, N-Queens problem, Graph Coloring, Branch and Bound, 15-Puzzle problem, NP –
Completeness (Polynomial time, Polynomial time verification, NP - Completeness and reducibility, NP-
Complete problems (without Proofs)
Text Book:
1. T.H. Cormen, C.E. Leiserson, R.L. Rivest, [Link] : Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd
Edition, PHI Learning [Link].
2.Horowitz &Sahani: Fundamentals of Algorithm, 2nd Edition, Universities PressEducation.
Reference Books:
1. Sanjay Dasgupta, UmeshVazirani: Algorithms, McGraw-Hill Education.
2.H. Bhasin: Algorithms, Design and Analysis, First Edition, Oxford Higher
3. Goodrich, Tamassia: Algorithm Design, Wiley India.
Module 1
Functional blocks of a computer: CPU, memory, input-output subsystems, control
unit. Instruction set architecture of a CPU – registers, instruction execution cycle, RTL
interpretation of instructions, addressing modes, instruction set. Case study –
instruction sets of some common CPUs. Data representation: signed number
representation, fixed and floating point representations, character representation.
Computer arithmetic – integer addition and subtraction, ripple carryadder, carry look-ahead
adder, etc. multiplication – shift-andadd, Booth multiplier, carry save multiplier, etc. Division
restoring and non-restoring techniques, floating pointarithmetic.
Module 2:
Introduction to Von-Neumann architecture. CPU control unit design: hardwired and
micro-programmed design approaches, Case study – design of a simple hypothetical CPU,
Introduction to parallel processors. Memory system design: semiconductor memory
technologies, memory organization, cache coherence. Peripheral devices and their
characteristics: Input-output subsystems, I/O device interface, I/O transfers –
program controlled, interrupt driven and DMA, privileged and non-privileged
instructions, software interrupts and exceptions. Programs and processes – role of
interrupts in process state transitions, I/O device interfaces – SCSI,USB
Module 3:
Memory organization: Memory interleaving, concept of hierarchical
memory organization, cache memory, cache size vs. block size, mapping
functions, replacement algorithms, writepolicies.
Text books:
1. “Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface”,
5th Edition by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy,Elsevier.
2. “ Computer Organization andArchitecture”by Carl Hamacher, Zaky McGraw
Hill HigherEducation.
Reference books:
OPERATING SYSTEMS
MODULE-I (10 Hours)
Overview Operating System, Simple Batch Processing Systems, Multiprogramming and Time Sharing
systems. Personal Computer Systems, Parallel Systems, Distributed Systems and Real- time Systems.
Operating System Structures: Operating System Services, System components, Protection system,
Operating System Services, system calls, Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operation on
Processes, Inter-process communication, Examples of IPC Systems, Multithreading Models, Threading
Issues, Process Scheduling Basic concepts, scheduling criteria, scheduling algorithms, Thread
Scheduling.
File system, file structure, Directory Structure, Allocation Methods, Basic concepts of Linux system,
administration requirements, VM ware and Hypervisorconcepts.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne: Operating System
Concepts, 8th edition, Wiley-India, 2009.
2. NareshChouhan: Principles of Operating System, Oxford University Press.
[Link]: Operating Systems: A Concept, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Education India
REFERENCE BOOK:
1.William Stallings: Operating Systems, PHI Learning [Link].
2.H.M. Deitel, P. J. Deitel, D. R. Choffnes: Operating Systems, 3rdEdition, PearsonEducation.
3.Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Mordern Operating Systems, 3rdEdition, PHI Learning [Link].
Equivalence : Equivalence between NFA with and without ε transitions, NFA to DFA conversion,
minimization of FSM, equivalence between two FSM’s, Moore and Melaymachines.
Module-2 :
Regular Languages :Regular sets, regular expressions, identity rules, Constructing finite Automata
for a given regular expressions, Conversion of Finite Automata to Regular expressions. Pumping
lemma of regular sets, closure properties of regular sets .
Grammar Formalism :Regular grammars-right linear and left linear grammars, equivalence
between regular linear grammar and FA, inter conversion, Context free grammar, derivation trees,
sentential forms. Right most and leftmost derivation of strings.
Context Free Grammars :Ambiguity in context free grammars. Chomsky normal form, Greibach
normal form, Pumping Lemma for Context Free Languages. Properties of CFL.
Push Down Automata :Push down automata, definition, model, acceptance of CFL, Acceptance by
final state and acceptance by empty state and its equivalence. Equivalence of CFL andPDA.
Module-3:
Turing Machine :Turing Machine, definition, model, design of TM, Computable functions,
recursively enumerable languages. Church’s hypothesis, counter machine, types of Turing machines
, linear bounded automata and context sensitive language.
Computability Theory :Chomsky hierarchy of languages, undecidability problem, Turing
reducibility, Definition of P and NP problems, NP complete and NP hard problems.
TEXT BOOKS :
1.“Introduction to Automata Theory Languages and Computation”. Hopcroft H.E. andUllman J.
D. Pearson Education
2.Introduction to Theory of Computation – Sipser 2nd editionThomson
REFERENCES BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Formal languages Automata Theory and Computation Kamala Krithivasan
Rama R.
2.Introduction to Computer Theory, Daniel I.A. Cohen, JohnWiley.
3. Theory of Computer Science – Automata languages and computation -Mishra and
Chandrashekaran, 2nd edition,PHI.
Engineering Economics (3-0-0)
Prerequisites:
1. Mathematics.
2. BasicEconomics.
Module 1: (10 Hours)
Engineering Economics: Nature, Scope, Basic problems of an economy, Micro Economics and Macro Economics.
Demand: Meaning of demand, Demand function, Law of Demand and its exceptions, Determinants of demand,
Demand Estimation and Forecasting, Elasticity of demand & its measurement (Simple numerical problems to be
solved), Supply-Meaning of supply, Law of supply and its exception, Determinants of supply, Elasticity of supply,
Determination of market equilibrium (Simple numerical problems to be solved).
Production: Production function, Laws of returns: Law of variable proportion, Law of returns to scale.
Module 2: (10 Hours)
Cost and revenue concepts, Basic understanding of different market structures, Determination of equilibrium price
under perfect competition (Simple numerical problems to be solved), Break Even Analysis-linear approach (Simple
numerical problems to be solved).
Banking: Commercial bank, Functions of commercial bank, Central bank, Functions of Central Bank.
Inflation: Meaning of inflation, types, causes, measures to control inflation.
National Income: Definition, Concepts of national income, Method of measuring national income.
Module 3: (10 Hours)
Time value of money: Interest - Simple and compound, nominal and effective rate of interest, Cash flow diagrams,
Principles of economic equivalence.
Evaluation of engineering projects: Present worth method, Future worth method, Annual worth method, Internal
rate of return method, Cost benefit analysis for publicprojects.
Depreciation: Depreciation of capital assert, causes of depreciation, Methods of calculating depreciation (Straight
line method, Declining balance method), After tax comparison of project.
Text Books:
1. Riggs, Bedworth and Randhwa,” Engineering Economics”, McGraw Hill EducationIndia.
2. DevigaVengedasalam,” Principles of Economics”, Oxford UniversityPress.
3. William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. PatricKoelling,” Engineering Economy”,Pearson.
4. R. Paneer Selvam,” Engineering Economics”,PHI.
5. S. P. Gupta,” Macro Economics”,TMH.
6. S. B. Gupta,” Monetary Economics”, Sultan Chand andCo.
Organizational Behaviour (3-0-0)
Prerequisites:
1. English.
Module 1: (10 Hours)
The study of Organizational Behaviour: Definition, Meaning, Why study OB; Learning - Principles of learning and
learning theories; Personality- Meaning, Determinants, Types, Personality and OB; Perception- Perceptual Process,
perceptual errors, Importance of perception in organizations; Motivation-Nature and Importance, Theories of
motivation (Herzberg, Maslow, McGregor).
Module 2: (10 Hours)
Group level: Groups in Organizations -Nature, Types, Reasons behind forming groups, Determinants, factors
contributing to Group Cohesiveness, Group Decision Making- Process, advantages and disadvantages; Team-
Effective Team Building; Types of Leadership- Effective Leadership, Styles of leadership, Leadership Theories-
Trait Theory and Contingency Theory, Leadership and Followership; Conflict- Healthy Vs Unhealthy conflict,
Conflict Resolution Techniques.
Module 3: (10 Hours)
Structural level: Organizational Culture: culture and organizational effective- ness; Organizational Change: Types
of change, Reasons to change, Resistance to change and to manage resistance. Introduction to organizational
development.
Text Books:
1. Stephens P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, PHI.
2. K. Aswatthappa, Organizational Behaviour,HPH.
Reference Books:
1. Kavita Singh, Organizational Behaviour, Pearson.
2. D. K. Bhattacharya, Organizational Behaviour, OUP.
3. Pradeep Khandelwal, Organizational Behaviour,TMH.
4. Keith Davis, Organizational Behaviour, McGraw Hill.
5. Nelson Quick, ORGB, CengageLearning.
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Course Outcomes:
Based on this course, the Engineering graduate will understand /evaluate / develop technologies on the
basis of ecological principles and environmental regulations which in turn help in sustainable
development
Relationship, Human Ecology, Origin and Evolution of Life, Plant and Speciation.
Ecosystems: Definition, Properties, Function and Structure of Ecosystem. Ecological Balance: Cause, Food
chains, food webs, Flow of Energy, Ecological Pyramids, Types of Ecosystem: Land, Aquatic and Artificial
ecosystem. Biogeochemical cycles, Bioaccumulation, Bio magnification, ecosystem value, Degradation of
Ecosystem.
Bio-diversity and Conservation
Natural Resources: Classification of Resources, Conservation of Resources, Environmental Degradation, Equitable
use of Resources for Sustainable Life styles, Role of Individual in Conservation of natural Resources.
Water Resources: Sources, Status of World and Indian’s Water Resources, Over Utilization of Water, Conservation,
Flood and Control measure, Others.
Mineral Resources. Land Resources, Energy Resources, Food Resources, etc.: Classification, Conservation,
Environmental Impacts.
UNIT – II
Environmental Pollution: Types of Pollution and Control Measures, Role of Individual in Pollution Prevention.
Waste Management: MSW, WM Techniques, Agricultural Solid Waste Management and Legislation on Solid Waste
management.
Disaster Management: Objectives, TypeofDisaster. Elements, Organisational Set- up, NDMA, Preparedness,
Mitigation, Prevention,Response.
Environment and Development: Social Issues, environmental Ethics, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Energy
and materials, Environmental Challenges,: Climate Change, Green House Effect, Global Warming, Ozone Layer
Depletion, Protection of Ozone Layer, Acid Rain, EL Nino, Waste land and its Reclamation
Human Population and the Environment: Pupation Growth and Explosion, Pupation Growth and Environment, Family
Welfare Programme, Women and Child welfare, HIV/ AIDS, Environment and Health, Human Rights, Value of
Education.
Resettlement and Rehabilitation: Introduction, Social Impact Assessment, Methodology of SIA, Land Acquisition
and Impact, Stake holder participation and consultation, Socio-economic Issue,, Mitigation Measure.
Rehabilitation Action Plan, Legal Frame work, Training and capacity Building, Grievance and Redressal Mechanism.
UNIT - III
Environmental Protection: Introduction, International efforts, Government Effort, environmental Organisations,
Public Awareness, Environmental Education and Training, Green Building, Clean Development Mechanism, carbon
Credits.
Environmental Legislation: Environmental Legal Framework, environmental Protection Act, 1986, the Air
Act1981, Water Act 1974, Wild Life Act, 1972, Forest Conservation Act,1980.
Environmental Management: Environmental Impact Assessment, TOR for EIA, EIA Methodology (Brief),
Baseline Data, Environmental Clearance, MoEF Notification Dated September 2006, Stake holder in EIA Process
Environment Management and EMP: Introduction, Issues covered, Environmental Management System- ISO-
14000, Institution and Implementation Arrangement, Mitigation measures, Environmental Monitoring,
Environmental Auditing.
TEXT BOOKS:
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Environmental Science: towards a sustainable future by Richard T. Wright. 2008 PHL Learning
Private Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Environmental Engineering and science by Gilbert M. Masters and Wendell P. Ela. 2008 PHI
Learning [Link].
3. Environmental Science by Daniel B. Botkin& Edward A. Keller, Wiley INDIAedition.
4. Environmental Studies by Anubha Kaushik, 4th Edition, New age internationalpublishers.
5. Text book of Environmental Science and Technology - Dr. M. Anji Reddy 2007, BSPublications.
Course Outcomes:
1. Convert different type of codes and number systems which are used in digital communication
and Computer systems and Employ the codes and number systems converting circuits and
Compare different types of logicfamilies.
2. Analyze different types of digital electronic circuit using various mapping and logical tools
and know the techniques to prepare the most simplified circuit using various mapping and
mathematicalmethods.
3. Design different types of digital electronic circuits (with and without memory element) for
particular operation, within the realm of economic, performance, efficiency, user friendly and
environmentalconstraints.
4. Design & analyze synchronous sequential logiccircuits
5. Use HDL & appropriate EDA tools for digital logic design andsimulation
Textbook(s):
1. Morris Mano and Michael D. Ciletti, "Digital Design", 4thEd., Pearson Education,2008.
2. C.H. Roth, "Fundamentals of Logic Design", 5th Ed. Cengage Learning,2004.
3. John F. Wakerly, “Digital Design: Principles & Practices”, 3rdEd,PHI.
4. A Anand Kumar, “Fundamentals of Digital Circuits”, 2ndEd.,PHI.
Reference Book(s):
1. R.P. Jain, “Modern digital Electronics”, Tata McGraw Hill, 4th edition,2009.
2. Douglas Perry, “VHDL”, Tata McGraw Hill, 4th edition,2002.
3. W.H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics- An introduction to theory and practice”, PHI,
2ndedition, 2006.
4. D.V. Hall, “Digital Circuits and Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill,1989
DETAILED 4-YEAR CURRICULUMCONTENTS
Year-3rd
(5th& 6thSemester)
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Text Books:
1. Sudarshan, Korth: Database System Concepts, 6th edition, McGraw-HillEducation.
References Books:
1. Elmasari&Navathe: Fundamentals of Database System, PearsonEducation.
2. Ramakrishnan: Database Management Systems, McGraw-HillEducation.
3. Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Modern Operating Systems, 3rd Edition, PearsonEducation.
4. 0Terry Dawson, Olaf Kirch: Linux Network Administrator’s Guide, 3rd Edition,
O’ReillyMedia
COMPUTER NETWORKS
Module-2:
HTML-Introduction, Basic HTML tags, images, links, Lists, Tables, forms, Frames,
Introduction to HTML5. CSS-Syntax, Class Selector, ID selector, External & Internal style
sheets, Inline style & class selector, div and span, Change the properties like background
images, colors, manipulating texts, using fonts, borders and boxes, margins, padding lists,
positioning using CSS. Introduction to CSS3,XML
Module-3:
PHP-Starting to script on server side, arrays, function and forms, Advance PHP- File upload,
Cookies, Sessions, Filters, Error Handling, Exception. Databases-Basic Commands with PHP
examples, Connection to server, creating a database, selecting a database, listing database,
listing table names, insertion, deletion, update in a table, PHP myadmin and database bugs.
Security-threats, types of viruses, firewall
Reference Books
1. Web Programming: Building Internet Applications, Chris Bates, WileyDreamtech
2. Programming the World Wide Web, Robert W Sebesta,Pearson
3. Web Technologies, Uttam K Roy,Oxford
4. Web Technology: A developer perspective, Gopalan&Akilandeswari,PHI
5. Web Warrior Guide to Web Design Technologies, Don Gosselin, Joel Sklar&
others, Cengage Learning
6. Learning PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, and CSS: A Step-by-Step Guide to
Creating Dynamic Websites – by Robin Nixon,Oreilly
7. PHP & MySQL: The Missing Manual – by Brett McLaughlin,Oreilly
INTERNET & WEB TECHNOLOGY LAB
1. HTML basic text formattingtags
2. HTML tables,lists
3. HTML frames,links
4. CSS programming, CSS stylesheets
5. Javascript, event handlingprograms
6. PHP basiccommands
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Module-1
Introduction to AI and intelligent agents. Problem Solving: Solving Problems by Searching,
heuristic search techniques, constraint satisfaction problems, stochastic search methods.
Game Playing: minimax, alpha-beta pruning.
Module-2
Knowledge and Reasoning: Building a Knowledge Base: Propositional logic, first order Logic,
situation calculus. Theorem Proving in First Order Logic, Planning, partial order planning.
Module-3
Uncertain Knowledge and Reasoning, Probabilities, Bayesian Networks. Learning: Overview
of different forms of learning, Learning Decision Trees, Neural Networks, Introduction to
Natural Language Processing.
Text Books:
1. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvic, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach,Prentice-Hall.
2. Nils J. Nilsson, Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis,Morgan-Kaufmann.
3. Dan W. Patterson, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems”, Prentice
Hall of India, Delhi, 2001.
Reference Books:
1. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, “Artificial Intelligence” Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi,2001.
2. George F Luger, “Artificial Intelligence, structures and strategies for complex problem
solving”, Pearson Education Delhi,2001.
Text Book
1. Kai Hwang, Advanced Computer Architecture: Parallelism,
Scalability,Programmability, McGraw-Hill.
2.K. Hwang and F. A. Briggs, Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing, McGrawHill.
References:
1. John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson, Computer Architecture: A
Quantitative Approach, MorganKaufmann.
2.Computer Organization: Carl Hamacher, Zvonkovranesic, SafwatZaky, McGrawHill
3.Computer Architecture: Parhami, Oxford UniversityPress
4. DezsoSima, Terence Fountain, and Peter Kacsuk, Advanced Computer
Architecture:A Design Space Approach, Addison Wesley.
5.John Paul Shen and MikkoLipasti, Modern Processor Design, Tata McGrawHill
SYSTEM PROGRAMMING
Module I (10 Hrs)
Introduction: System Software, Application Software, Overview on Components of a
programming system: Assembler, Loader, Linker, Macros, Compiler, Interpreter, Debugger,
Evolution of Operating Systems, Functions of Operating System, Tools, Life Cycle of a
Source Program, Different Views on the Meaning of a Program, System Software
Development, Machine Structure: General Machine Structure, Approach to a new machine,
Memory Registers, Data, Instructions, Evolution of Machine Language: Long Way: No
looping, Looping,
Module II (10 Hrs)
Introduction to Assembly Language Program. Assemblers: Assembler Design Criteria, Types
of Assembler, Design of Assembler, Two-pass Assembler,
Macros Language and Macro Processor: Macro Definition and Call, Macro Expansion,
Nested Macro calls, Advanced Macro Facilities, Features of a Macro Facility,
Implementation.
Loaders: Loader Schemes, Design of a General Loader Scheme, Absolute Loader, Direct
Linking loader, Compile and Go Loader, Bootstrap Loader. Dynamic Loading and Linking,
Algorithm and Data structures for Linking Loader, Linkers and LinkageEditors.
Module III (10 Hrs)
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
Programming Languages: Importance of High Level Languages, Features, Data Types and Data
Structures, Storage Allocation and Scope Name, Accessing Flexibility, Functional Modularity.
Introduction to Compilers, passes of compiler, Phases of a compiler.
Text Book:
1. Systems Programming by John J Donovan (McGraw-Hill Education)
Reference Books:
1.Operating System and System Programming – Dhamdhere (McGraw-HillEducation)
2.System Programming,bySrimanta Pal, Oxford UniversityPress
3.System Software, S. Chattopadhyay (Prentice-Hall India)
4.System Programming with C and UNIX. - Hoover (PearsonEducation)
IMAGE PROCESSING
Module-1:
Digital Image Fundamentals: A simple image model, Sampling and Quantization, Imaging
Geometry, Digital Geometry, Image Acquisition Systems, Different types of digital images.
Bilevel Image Processing: Basic concepts of digital distances, distance transform, medial axis
transform, component labeling, thinning, morphological processing, extension to grey scale
morphology.
Module-2:
Binarization and Segmentation of Grey level images: Histogram of grey level images,
Optimal thresholding using Bayesian classification, multilevel thresholding, Segmentation of
grey level images, Water shade algorithm for segmenting grey level image.
Detection of edges and lines in 2D images: First order and second order edge operators,
multi- scale edge detection, Canny's edge detection algorithm, Hough transform for detecting
lines and curves, edge linking.
Module-3:
Images Enhancement: Point processing, Spatial Filtering, Frequency domain filtering, multi-
spectral image enhancement, image restoration.
Color Image Processing: Color Representation, Laws of color matching, chromaticity
diagram, color enhancement, color image segmentation, color edge detection, color
demosaicing.
Image Registration and depth estimation: Registration Algorithms, Setreo Imaging,
Computation of disparity map.
Image compression: Lossy and lossless compression schemes, prediction based compression
schemes, vector quantization, sub-band encoding schemes, JPEG compression standard,
Fractal compression scheme, Wavelet compression scheme.
Text Books:
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
1. Gonzalez and Woods, Digital Image Processing,Prentice-Hall.
2. Anil [Link] – Fundamentals of digital image processing – Prentice Hall
information and System Science series,1989.
Reference Books:
1.Pratt W.K., Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,1991.
2. Rosenfied A. and Kak, A.C. Digital picture processing, Vol. I & II, academic
press 1982.
3. Nick Efford – Digital Image Processing a practical introduction using Java –
Addison Wesley / Benjamin Cummings,2000.
COMPILER DESIGN
Module-1
Overview of the Translation Process: A Simple Compiler, Difference between interpreter,
assembler and compiler. Overview and use of linker and loader, types of Compiler, Analysis
of the Source Program, The Phases of a Compiler.
Lexical Analyzer: Introduction to Lexical Analyzer, Input Buffering, Specification of Tokens,
Recognition of Tokens, A Language for Specifying Lexical Analyzers, Finite Automata From
a Regular Expression, Design of a Lexical Analyzer Generator.
Module-2
Parsing : Top Down and Bottom up Parsing Algorithms, Top-Down Parsing, Bottom-Up
Parsing, Operator-Precedence Parsing, LR Parsers, Using Ambiguous Grammars, Parser
Generators, Automatic Generation ofParsers.
Semantic Analysis: Syntax Directed Translation Mechanisms And Attributed Mechanisms
And Attributed Definition, Syntax-Directed Definitions, Construction of Syntax Trees,
Bottom-Up Evaluation of S-Attributed Definitions, L-Attributed Definitions, syntax-directed
definitions and translation schemes. Intermediate Code Generation : Different Intermediate
Forms.
Module-3
Code Generation: Issues in the Design of a Code Generator, The Target Machine, Run-Time
Storage Management, Basic Blocks and Flow Graphs, Register Allocation and Assignment,
The DAG Representation of Basic Blocks, Peephole Optimization, Generating Code from
DAGs, Dynamic Programming Code-Generation Algorithm, Code Generator. Code
Optimization: Global Data Flow Analysis, A Few Selected Optimizations like Common Sub
Expression Removal, Loop Invariant Code Motion, Strength Reductionetc.
Text Books:
1. Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools ByAho, Lam, Sethi, and Ullman, Second
Edition, Pearson,2014
4. Implement a recursive descent parser for an expression grammar that generates
arithmetic expressions with digits, + and*.
5.Use YACC and LEX to implement a parser for the same grammar as given inproblem
6. Write semantic rules to the YACC program in problem 5 and implement a calculator
that takes an expression with digits, + and * and computes and prints itsvalue.
7 & 8. Implement the front end of a compiler that generates the three address code for a
simple language with: one data type integer, arithmetic operators, relational operators,
variable declaration statement, one conditional construct, one iterative construct and
assignment statement.
3. 9 &10. Implement the back end of the compiler which takes the three address code
generated in problems 7 and 8, and produces the 8086 assembly language instructions that
can be assembled and run using a 8086 assembler. The target assembly instructions can be
simple move, add, sub, and jump. Also simple addressing modes areused.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
MODULE I:
(10hours)
Software Process Models: Software Product, Software crisis, Handling complexity through
Abstraction and Decomposition, Overview of software development activities, Process
Models, Classical waterfall model, iterative waterfall model, prototyping mode, evolutionary
model, spiral model, RAD model, V Model, Agile models: Extreme Programming, and
Scrum. Software Requirements Engineering: Requirement Gathering and Analysis,
Functional and Non-functional requirements, Software Requirement Specification (SRS),
IEEE 830 guidelines, Decision tables andtrees.
Text Book:
1.Software Engineering, A Practitioner’s Approach, Roger S. Pressman, TMGHill.
2.Software Engineering, I. Sommerville, 9th Ed. , PearsonEducation.
Reference Books:
1.Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Rajib Mall, PHI,2014.
2. Pankaj Jalote, “An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering”, Narosa Publishing
House, Delhi,2000.
Module II ( 12 Hours)
Devices and device drivers, I/O devices, Serial peripheral interfaces, IIC, RS232C, RS422,
RS485, Universal serial bus, USB Interface, USB Connector IrDA, CAN, Bluetooth, ISA,
PCI, PCI – X and advance busses, Device drivers.
Real-Time Task Scheduling: Some important concepts, Types of real-time tasks and their
characteristics, Task scheduling, Clock-Driven scheduling, Hybrid schedulers, Event-Driven
scheduling, Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling, Rate monotonic algorithm (RMA).
Commercial Real-time operating systems: Time services, Features of a Real-time operating
system, Unix-based Real-time operating systems, POSIX-RT, A survey of contemporary
Real- time operating systems, Microkernel-based systems.
TEXTBOOKS
1. S. Chattopadhyay, Embedded System Design,PHI
2. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, Embedded Systems Design – A unified Hardware
/Software Introduction, JohnWiley
3. David [Link], An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education Asia, First IndianReprint
.
REFERENCES
1.Shibu KV, Introduction to Embedded Systems,TMH
2.Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components; Principles of Embedded Computing SystemDesign
– Harcourt India, Morgan Kaufman Publishers.
Reference Books:
1.Linux System Programming, O’Reilly, by RobertLove.
2.Windows Internals, Microsoft Press, by Mark E. Russinovich and David [Link].
3.The Design of the UNIX Operating System, PHI, by Maurice [Link].
5. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment, Addison-Wesley,
byRichard Stevens
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
6.Guide to Assembly Language Programming in Linux, Sivarama P. Dandamudi,Springer
7.Professional Assembly Language, Richard Blum, Wrox, WileyIndia
SOFT COMPUTING
Module-1:
Introduction to Soft Computing: Concept of computing systems, "Soft" compiting versus
"Hard" computing, Characteristics of Soft computing, Some applications of Soft computing
techniques Artificial Neural Networks, Biological neurons and its working, Simulation of
biolgical neurons to problem solving, Different ANNs architectures, Training techniques for
ANNs, Applications of ANNs to solve some real life problems. Back propagation neural
networks, ADALINE and MADALINE, Radial Basis Function Network, Kohonen’s Self
Organizing Maps.
Module-2:
Fuzzy logic: Introduction to Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy sets and membership functions, Operations
on Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy relations, rules, propositions, implications and inferences,
Defuzzification techniques, Fuzzy logic controller design, Some applications of Fuzzy logic.
Module-3:
Genetic Algorithms: Concept of "Genetics" and "Evolution" and its application to
probabilistic search techniques, Basic GA framework and different GA architectures, GA
operators: Encoding, Crossover, Selection, Mutation, etc., Solving single-objective
optimization problems using GAs, Multi-objective Optimization Problem Solving, Concept
of multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs) and issues of solving them,
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA), Non-Pareto approaches to solve MOOPs,
Pareto-based approaches to solve MOOPs, Some applications withMOEAs.
Reference Books:
1.Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms: Synthesis &Applications,
2.S. Rajasekaran, G. A. Vijayalakshami,PHI.
3.Chin Teng Lin, C. S. George Lee, Neuro-Fuzzy Systems,PHI
4. TomthyRoss,Fuzzy Logic and Engineering Application,TMH
5.KishanMehrotra,Elements of Artificial Neural Network, MITPress
6.E. Goldberg,Genetic Algorithms: Search and Optimization,Addision-Wesley
References
1. Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin, Speech and Language Processing,Prentice-Hall.
2. Chris Manning and HinrichSchuetze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language
Processing, MITPress.
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge in Signals and systems, Fourier series and transform,
differential equations
Course Outcomes:
2. Determine the frequency response and the z-transform representation of discrete-time
systems.
5. Design Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters, and
evaluate the performance to meet expected system specifications usingMATLAB.
inverse z-transform methods (partial fraction expansion, power series method, contour
integral approach),pole, zero plots, time domain responses of simple pole, zero plots, ROC
implications of causality and stability.
Discrete-Fourier Transform & Fast Fourier Transform: Representation of Periodic
sequences: The discrete Fourier Series and its Properties Fourier Transform of Periodic
Signals, Sampling the Fourier Transform, The Discrete-Fourier Transform, Properties of
DFT, Linear Convolution using DFT. FFT-Efficient Computation of DFT, Goertzel
Algorithm, radix-2 Decimation-in-Time and Decimation -in-Frequency FFT Algorithms
Module III (10 Hrs)
Filter Design Techniques: Design of Discrete-Time IIR filters from Continuous-Time filters
Approximation by derivatives, Impulse invariance and Bilinear Transformation methods;
Design of FIRfilters.
Textbook(s):
1. Discrete-Time Signal Processing by Alan V. Oppenheim and Ronald W. Schafer, 3rd
edition, 2010, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River,NJ.
2. Digital Signal Processing by John G. Proakis and Dimitris K. Manolakis, 4th edition,
2007, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River,NJ.
Reference Book(s):
1. Digital Signal Processing, [Link], [Link]& C. Gnanapriya, TMH
Publishing Co.
2. Digital Signal Processing, A. NagoorKani, TMH Education
DATA MINING
Module-1 [10 Hours]
Introduction to Data mining: - Role Data in Data Mining, Data Mining functionalities,
patterns in data mining, Type of patterns, Classification of Data Mining Systems, Major
issues in Data Mining. Data Preprocessing:-Why Preprocess the Data?, Descriptive Data
Summarization, Data Cleaning, Data Integration and Transformation, Data Reduction, Data
Warehousing and OLAP Technology for Data Mining: -What Is a DataWarehouse? A
Multidimensional Data Model, DataWarehouse Architecture, DataWarehouse
Implementation, From DataWarehousing to Data Mining, OLAPtools.
Module-2 [10Hours]
Mining Association Rules in Large Databases : Association Rule Mining, Mining Single-
Dimensional Boolean Association Rules from Transactional Databases, Mining Multilevel
Association Rules from Transaction Databases, Mining Multidimensional Association Rules
from Relational Databases and Data Warehouses, From Association Mining to Correlation
Analysis, Constraint- Based Association [Link] and Prediction: Issues
Regarding Classification and Prediction, Classification by Decision Tree Induction, Bayesian
Classification, Classification by Backpropagation, Classification Based on Concepts from
Association Rule Mining, Other Classification Methods, Prediction, and ClassifierAccuracy.
Module-3[10 Hours]
Cluster Analysis Introduction : Types of Data in Cluster Analysis, A Categorization of
Major Clustering Methods, Partitioning Methods, Hierarchical methods, Density-Based
Methods, Grid- Based Methods, Model-Based Clustering Methods, Outlier Analysis. Mining
Complex Data: Graph Mining, Social Network Analysis, Multirelational Data Mining,
Spatial data minig, Multimedia data mining, Text data mining,Mining the World WideWeb
OLAP tools, Tools for Data warehousing, WEKA tool.
TEXT BOOK
1. Data Mining – Concepts and Techniques – Jiawei Han, MichelinenKamber, Morgan
Kaufmann Publishers, Elsevier, 2 Edition,2006.
Module2:
Coding Theory: Error correcting codes: minimum distance principles, Hamming bound,
general binary code, group code, linear group code Convolution encoding: algebraic
structure, Gilbert bound Threshold decoding: threshold decoding for block codes Cyclic
binary codes: BCH codes, generalized BCH code and decoding, optimum codes, concepts of
non-cycliccodes.
Module3:
Combinatorial Designs: Definitions of BIBD, Hadamard Designs, Latin Squares, Mutually
Orthogonal Latin Squares, Orthogonal Arrays. Constructions of codes using designs:
Example: Hadamard codes. Network Coding: Fundamentals of Network Coding: Butterfly
networks, graphs and networks The max-flow min-cut theorem, the multi-source multicast
problem, deterministic code design for network coding, randomized network coding
application of networkcoding
Text Books:
Reference Books:
1. P. J. Cameron and J. H. van Lint: Designs, Graphs, Codes and their Links, Cambridge
University Press,2010.
2. C. Fragouli and E. Soljanin: Network Coding Fundamentals, Now Publisher,2007.
3. M. Medard and A. Sprintson, (editors): Network Coding – Fundamentals and
Applications, Acadamic Press, 2012.
Year-4th
(7th& 8thSemester)
Reference Books :
1.OdedGoldrich, Foundations of Cryptography-Basics, vol-1, Cambridge
Univ. Press,2005.
2.OdedGoldrich, Foundations of Cryptography-Applications, vol-2, Cambridge
Univ. Press,2005.
3.R. Motwani and P. Raghavan, Randomized Algorithms, Cambridge
University Press,1995.
4.William Stallings, Cryptography and Network security: Principles and Practice, 3rd Ed,
Prentice Hall,2003.
Quantum Computing
Module1:
Introduction to Quantum Computation: Quantum bits, Bloch sphere representation of a
qubit, multiple qubits. Background Mathematics and Physics: Hilber space, Probabilities
and measurements, entanglement, density operators and correlation, basics of quantum
mechanics, Measurements in bases other than computational basis.
Module3:
Quantum Algorithms: Classical computation on quantum computers. Relationship between
quantum and classical complexity classes. Deutsch’s algorithm, Deutsch’s-Jozsa algorithm,
Shor factorization, Grover search. Noise and error correction: Graph states and codes,
Quantum error correction, fault-tolerant computation.
Text Books:
Textbook:
1. Computer Graphics, D. Hearn and M.P. Baker (C Version), Pearson Education.
Reference Books:
1.Computer Graphics Principle and Practice, J.D. Foley, A. Dam, S.K. Feiner, AddisonWesley.
2.Procedural Elements of Computer Graphics, David Rogers,TMH.
3.Computer Graphics: Algorithms and Implementations, D.P Mukherjee, D. Jana,PHI.
4.Computer Graphics, Z. Xiang, R. A. Plastock, Schaum’s Outlines, McGrowHill.
5.Computer Graphics, S. Bhattacharya, Oxford UniversityPress.
Module-2:
Basics of Wireless Sensors and Applications: The Mica Mote, Sensing and Communication
Range, Design issues, Energy consumption, Clustering of Sensors, Applications Data
Retrieval In Sensor Networks: Classification of WSNs, MAC layer, Routing layer,
High-level application layer support, Adapting to the inherent dynamic nature of WSNs.
Module-3:
Security: Security in Ad hoc Wireless Networks, Key Management, Secure Routing,
Cooperation in MANETs, Intrusion Detection Systems. Sensor Network Platforms and Tools:
Sensor Network Hardware, Sensor Network Programming Challenges, Node-Level Software
Platforms Operating System — TinyOS Imperative Language: nesC, Dataflow style
language: T1nyGALS, Node- Level Simulators, ns-2 and its sensor network
extension,TOSSIM
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks — Theory and Applications, Car/osCorderlo Dharma R
Aggarwal, World Scientific Publications /Cambridge University Press, March2006
2. Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach, Feng Zhao,
Leonidas Guibas, Elsevier Science imprint, Morgan Kauffman Publishers, 2005,
rp2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Adhoc Wireless Networks — Architectures and Protocols, [Link] Ram Murthy,
[Link], Pearson Education,2004
2. Wireless Sensor Networks — Principles and Practice, Fei Hu, Xiaojun Cao, An
Auerbach book, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group,2010
3. Wireless Ad hoc Mobile Wireless Networks — Principles, Protocols and
Applications, Subir Kumar Sarkar, et al., Auerbach Publications, Taylor & Francis
Group,2008.
4. Ad hoc Networking, Charles [Link], Pearson Education,2001.
5. Wireless Ad hoc Networking, Shih-Liri Wu, Yu-Chee Tseng, Auerbach Publications,
Taylor & Francis Group,2007
6. Wireless Ad hoc and Sensor Networks — Protocols, Performance and Control,
JagannathanSarangapani, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2007, rp2010.
7. Security in Ad hoc and Sensor Networks, Raheem Beyah, et al., World Scientific
Publications / Cambridge University Press,2010
8. Ad hoc Wireless Networks — A communication-theoretic perspective,
[Link], Giatuigi Ferrari, Wiley India, 2006,rp2009.
Cryptography & Network Security
Module-I: (10 Hours)
Principles of Security Goals, Basic Cryptographic techniques, Classification of attacks, Virus,
Worm, Trojan Horse, Spam etc. Cryptography: Concepts and Techniques: Introduction, plain
Text and Cipher Text, Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Encryption and
Decryption. Symmetric Key Cryptography: Algorithm types(DES, IDEA, RC4, RC5,
Blowfish and AES) and modes, Cryptographic Algorithms Asymmetric Key Cryptographic
Algorithms, Digital Signature Digital Envelope.
Text Books:
Reference Books:
1.N. Koblitz, Number Theory and Cryptography, Springer,2001
2.J. Katz and Y. Lindell, Introduction to Modern Cryptography, CRC press,2008.
3.Menezes, [Link], Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press,2004.
4.Golreich O, Foundations of Cryptography, Vol.1.2, Cambridge University Press,2004
COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY
Module-1:
Algorithmic design paradigms (divide and conquer, incremental, sweep line, and prune
and search) and basic data structures (segment and interval trees).
Module-2:
Geometric searching: point locations (slab and chain methods) and range searching (kD and
range trees); Convex hull: Graham's scan, gift wrapping, quick hull, divide-and-conquer;
Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation: properties and construction algorithms
(sweep line and divide-and-conqueralgorithms).
Module-2:
Unified Modeling Languages (UML): Overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML),
Static and Dynamic Models, UML Diagrams, UML Class Diagrams, Use-Case Diagrams,
UML Dynamic Modeling, Implementation diagrams, Model Management: Package and
Model Organization, UML Extensibility, UML Meta-Model. Object Oriented Analysis –
Identifying Use-Cases: Complexity in Object Oriented Analysis, Business Process Modeling
and Business Object Analysis, Use-Case Driven Object Oriented Analysis, Use-Case Model,
Developing Efficient Documentation. Object Analysis: Classification: Object Analysis,
Classification Theory, Approaches for Identifying Classes, Class Responsibility
Collaboration. Object Oriented Analysis – Identifying Relationships, Attributes, and
Methods: Introduction, Associations, Inheritance Relationships, A Part of
Relationship-Aggregation, Class Responsibility: Identifying Attributes and Methods, Class
Responsibility: Defining Attributes, Object Responsibility: Methods andMessages.
Entrepreneurship Development
(3-0-0)
Prerequisites:
Optimization Techniques
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the theory of optimization methods and algorithms developed for
solving various types of optimizationproblems.
2. To introduce the students about optimization concepts, formulation of engineering
problems amenable tooptimization.
3. To provide students with the modeling skills necessary to describe, formulate, solve
and interpret optimization problems inengineering.
4. To find the solution of optimal decision making and engineering design problems in
which the objective and constraints are linear or nonlinearfunctions.
Syllabus
Module-I:
Idea of Engineering optimization problems, Classification of optimization algorithms,
Modeling of problems and principle of modeling. Linear Programming: Formulation of LPP,
Graphical solution, Simplex method, Big M method, Revised simplex method, Duality theory
and its application, Dual simplex method, Sensitivity analysis in linear programming.
Module-II:
Transportation problems: Finding an initial basic feasible solution by Northwest Corner rule,
Least cost rule, Vogel’s approximation method, Degeneracy, Optimality test, MODI method,
Stepping stone method. Assignment problems: Hungarian method for solution of Assignment
problems. Integer Programming: Branch and Bound algorithm for solution of Integer
Programming problems. Queuing models: General characteristics, Markovian queuing model,
M/M/1 model, Limited queue capacity, Multiple server, Finite sources, .
Module-III:
Introduction to non-linear programming, Unconstrained optimization: Fibonacci and Golden
Section Search method, Steepest Descent Method, Constrained optimization with equality
constraint: Lagrange multiplier, Projected gradient method, Constrained optimization with
inequality constraint: Kuhn-Tucker condition, Primal-Dual Method, Quadratic programming.
Text Book :
Course Outcomes: On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to
Cloud Computing
Module1:
Module-1:
Introduction :IntroductiontoICtechnology–TheICera–MOSandrelatedVLSItechnology
– Basic MOS transistors – Enhancement and depletion modes of transistor action – IC
production process – MOS and CMOS fabrication process – BiCMOS technology –
Comparison b/w CMOS and bipolar technologies. Basic electrical properties of MOS and
BiCMOScircuits : Ids–Vds relationships – Aspects of MOS transistor threshold voltage –
MO Trans– conductance and output conductance – MOS Transistor – Figure of merit – The
pMOStransistor
– The nMOS inverter – Determination of pull– up to pull–down ratio for nMOS inverter
driven by another nMOS inverter for an nMOS inverter driven through one or more pass
Transistors – Alternative forms of pull up – The CMOS Inverter MOS transistor Circuit
model – Bi–CMOS Inverters.
Module-2:
MOS and BiCOMS circuit design processes :MOS layers – Stick diagrams – Design rules
and layout – General observation on the design rules, 2μm double metal, double poly –
CMOS/BiCMOS rules, 1.2μm Double metal, Double poly CMOS rules – Layout diagrams of
NAND and NOR gates and CMOS inverter – Symbolic Diagrams – Translation to Mask
Form.
Basic circuit concepts :Sheet resistance – Sheet resistance concept applied to MOS transistor
and inverters – Area capacitance of layers – Standard unit of capacitance – Some area
capacitance calculations – The delay unit – Inverter delays – Driving large capacitive loads –
Propagations Delays – Wiring Capacitance – Fan–in and Fan–out characteristics – Choice of
layers – Transistor switches – Realization of gates using nMOS, pMOS and
CMOStechnologies.
Module-3:
Scaling of MOS circuit : Scaling models and scaling factors – Scaling factors for device
parameters – Limitations of scaling – Limits due to sub threshold currents – Limits on logic
level
Text Books
1. Essentials of VLSI Circuits and Systems–Kamran Eshraghian, Douglas
[Link] and SholehEshraghian, Prentice–Hall of India Private Limited,
2005Edition.
2. VLSI Design–K. Lal Kishor and [Link], I.K. International
PublishingHouse Private Limited, 2009 FirstEdition.
3. VLSI Design–[Link] and [Link], New Age International Private
Limited,2006 FirstEdition.
References Books
1. VLSI Design ByDebaprasad Das, Oxford UniversityPress,2010.
2. VLSI Design By [Link] Raj & T. Latha, PHI Learning Private Limited,2010.
Reference Books:
1.T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, and R. L. Rivest, “Introduction to Algorithms”,PHI.
2.E. Horowitz, S. Sahani and Dinesh Mehta, Fundamentals of Data Structures in C++,Galgotia.
3.Mark Allen Weiss, “Data Structures & Algorithm Analysis in C/C++”, Pearson [Link].
4.Adam Drozdex, Data Structures and algorithms in C++, Thomasonlearning.
Module – II (10Hrs.)
Principles of parallel algorithm design: Preliminaries, Decomposition techniques,
Characteristics of tasks and interactions, Mapping techniques for load balancing, Methods for
containing.
Interactions overheads, Parallel algorithm models. Basic communication operations:
One-to-All Broadcast and All-to-One Reduction, All-to-All broadcast and reduction
All-Reduce and prefix sum operations, scatter and gather, All-to-All personalized
communication, circular shift, Improving the speed of some communication operation.
Text Book:
1. Introduction to Parallel Computing, Second Edition, Ananth Gram, Anshul Gupta,
George Karypis, Vipin Kumar PersonEducation.
2.Parallel computing Theory and Practice, Second Edition, Michael J. Quinn,TMH.
Module-2 [10Hrs]
Handling Resource Sharing and dependencies among Real-time Tasks: Resource sharing
among real-time tasks. Priority inversion. Priority Inheritance Protocol (PIP), Highest Locker
Protocol (HLP). Priority Ceiling Protocol (PCP). Different types of priority inversions under
PCP. Important features of PCP. Some issues in using a resource sharing protocol. Handling
task dependencies. Scheduling Real-time tasks in multiprocessor and distributed systems:
Multiprocessor task allocation, Dynamic allocation of tasks. Fault tolerant scheduling of
tasks. Clock in distributed Real-time systems, Centralized clock synchronization
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
Module-3 [10Hrs]
Commercial Real-time operating systems: Time services, Features of a Real-time operating
system, Unix as a Real-time operating system, Unix-based Real-time operating systems,
Windows as a Real-time operating system, POSIX, A survey of contemporary Real-time
operating systems. Benchmarking real-time systems.
Real-time Databases: Example applications of Real-time databases. Review of basic database
concepts, Real-time databases, Characteristics of temporal data. Concurrency control in
real-time databases. Commercial real-time databases. Real-time Communication: Examples
of applications requiring real-time communication, Basic concepts, Real-time communication
in a LAN. Soft Real-time communication in a LAN. Hard real-time communication in a
LAN. Bounded access protocols for LANs. Performance comparison, Real-time
communication over packet switched networks. QoS framework, Routing, Resource
reservation, Rate control.
Text Books:
1.Real-time Systems Theory and Practice by Rajib Mall, PearsonsPublication
2.[Link] and Kang [Link], “Real Time Systems”, McGraw Hill InternationalEdition.
Reference Books:
1. Stuart Bennett, “ Real Time Computer Control, An Introduction”, Prentice Hall
Internation Edition, 1988.
2. Peter [Link], “Real Time Micro-Computer System Design, An Introduction”,
Konrad Manch, McGraw Hill,1988.
3. [Link] and [Link], “Introduction to Real Time Software Design”,
Macmillan Education, Second edition,1987.
Module-2:
Connectivity (vertex and edge connectivity, cuts, blocks, k-connected graphs, network flows);
Traversibility (Eulerian tours, Hamiltonian cycles); Coloring (vertex and edge coloring,
chromatic number, chordal graphs);
Module-3:
Planarity (duality, Euler's formula, characterization, 4-color theorem); Advanced topics (perfect
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
graphs, matroids, Ramsay theory, extremal graphs, random graphs); Applications.
Text Book:
1. Douglas B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, Prentice Hall ofIndia.
2. NarsinghDeo, Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science.
Prentice-Hall.
3. Frank Harary, Graph Theory,Narosa.
4. R. Ahuja, T. Magnanti, and J. Orlin, Network Flows: Theory, Algorithms, and
Applications,Prentice-Hall.
TheHuman:I/Ochannels–Memory–Reasoningandproblemsolving;Thecomputer:Devices
–Memory–processingandnetworks;Interaction:Models–frameworks–Ergonomics–styles
– elements – interactivity- Paradigms. Interactive Design basics – process – scenarios –
navigation – screen design – Iteration and prototyping. HCI in software process – software
life cycle – usability engineering – Prototyping in practice – design rationale. Design rules –
principles, standards, guidelines, rules. Evaluation Techniques – Universal Design.
Module-2
Cognitive models –Socio-Organizational issues and stake holder requirements
–Communication and collaboration models-Hypertext, Multimedia and WWW. Mobile
Ecosystem: Platforms, Application frameworks- Types of Mobile Applications: Widgets,
Applications, Games- Mobile Information Architecture, Mobile 2.0, Mobile Design:
Elements of Mobile Design, Tools.
Module-3
Designing Web Interfaces – Drag & Drop, Direct Selection, Contextual Tools, Overlays,
Inlays and Virtual Pages, Process Flow. Case Studies.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Alan Dix, Janet Finlay, Gregory Abowd, Russell Beale, “Human Computer
Interaction”, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education,2004
2. Brian Fling, “Mobile Design and Development”, First Edition ,O‟Reilly
Media Inc., 2009
3. Bill Scott and Theresa Neil, “Designing Web Interfaces”, First Edition, O‟Reilly,2009
Introduction: Big Data Overview, The rising and importance of data sciences, Big data analytics
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
in industry verticals Hadoop Architecture: Hadoop Architecture, Hadoop ecosystem
components, Hadoop Storage: HDFS, Hadoop Processing: MapReduce Framework, Hadoop
ServerRoles
Module2:
Data Analytics Lifecycle and methodology: Business Understanding, Data Understanding,
Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation, Communicating results, Deployment, Data
exploration & preprocessing Data Analytics - Theory & Methods: Measures and evaluation,
Supervised learning, Linear/Logistic regression, o Decision trees, Naïve Bayes, Unsupervised
learning, K- means clustering, Association rules, Unstructured Data Analytics, Technologies
& tools, Text mining, Web mining
Module3:
The Endgame: Opertionalizing an Analytics project, Data Visualization Techniques, Creating
final deliverables
Text Books:
1. Hadoop: The Definitive Guide by TomWhite
2. Big Data Analytics: From Strategic Planning to Enterprise Integration with Tools,
Techniques, NoSQL,and Graph by DavidLoshin
3. Machine Learning by Tom [Link]
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Module1:
Introduction: concepts and terminology of information retrieval systems, Information
Retrieval Vs Information Extraction; Indexing: inverted files, encoding, Zipf's Law,
compression, booleanqueries;
Module2:
Fundamental IR models: Boolean, Vector Space, probabilistic, TFIDF, Okapi, language
modeling, latent semantic indexing, query processing and refinement techniques;
Performance Evaluation: precision, recall,
Module3:
F-measure; Classification: Rocchio, Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, support vector
machine; Clustering: partitioning methods, k-means clustering, hierarchical; Introduction to
advanced topics: search, relevance feedback, ranking, queryexpansion.
Text Books :
1. Christopher D. Manning, PrabhakarRaghavan and HinrichSchtze, Introduction to
Information Retrieval, Cambridge University Press.2008
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
2. Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Berthier Ribeiro-Neto, Modern Information
Retrieval, Addison Wesley, 1stedition,1999.
Reference Books :
1.SoumenChakrabarti,MiningtheWeb,Morgan-KaufmannPublishers,2002.
2. Bing Liu, Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and Usage Data,
Springer, Corr. 2nd printing edition,2009.
3. David A. Grossman, Ophir Frieder, Information Retrieval: Algorithms and Heuristics,
Springer, 2ndedition,2004.
4. William B. Frakes, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Information Retrieval Data Structures and
Algorithms, Prentice Hall,1992.
5. G. Salton, M. J. McGill, Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval,
McGraw-Hill,1986.
6. C. J. Van Rijsbergen, Information Retrieval,
Butterworth-Heinemann;2nd edition,1979.
Machine Learning
Modul
e 1:
Algorithmic models of learning. Learning classifiers, functions, relations, grammars,
probabilistic models, value functions, behaviors and programs from experience. Bayesian,
maximum a posteriori, and minimum description lengthframeworks.
Module 2:
Parameter estimation, sufficient statistics, decision trees, neural networks, support vector
machines, Bayesian networks, bag of words classifiers, N-gram models; Markov and Hidden
Markov models, probabilistic relational models, association rules, nearest neighbor
classifiers, locally weighted regression, ensemble classifiers.
Module 3:
Computational learning theory, mistake bound analysis, sample complexity analysis, VC
dimension, Occam learning, accuracy and confidence boosting. Dimensionality reduction,
feature selection and visualization. Clustering, mixture models, k-means clustering,
hierarchical clustering, distributionalclustering.
Module 4:
Reinforcement learning; Learning from heterogeneous, distributed, data and knowledge.
Selected applications in data mining, automated knowledge acquisition, pattern recognition,
program synthesis, text and language processing, internet-based information systems,
human-computer interaction, semantic web, and bioinformatics and computational biology.
Text Book:
1. Bishop, C. (2006). Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Berlin:Springer-Verlag
Reference Books:
Module-3:
Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), What to networks represent, Autoencoders and
dimensionality reduction, Learning representations, Sequence-to-sequence models, Attention
models, examples from speech and language, VariationalAutoencoders (VAEs), Generative
Adversarial Networks (GANs), Hopfield Networks, Energy functions, Training Hopfield
Networks, Stochastic Hopfield Networks, Restricted Boltzman Machines, Deep Boltzman
Machines, Reinforcement Learning, Q Learning, Deep Q Learning
Abbreviations Used:L = Lectures, P = Practical or Laboratory, T = Tutorial
IA = Internal Assessment , PA = Practical Assessment, EA = End-Semester Assessment
Text Books:
MODULE II (08hrs)
Home Automation: Smart Lighting, Smart Appliances, Intrusion Detection, Smoke/Gas
Detectors, Cities-Smart Parking, Smart Lighting, Smart Roads, Structural Health Monitoring,
Surveillance, Emergency Response, Environment-Weather Monitoring, Air Pollution
Monitoring, Noise Pollution Monitoring, Forest Fire Detection ,River Floods Detection ,
Energy- Smart Grids , Renewable Energy Systems , Prognostics , Retail-Inventory
Management , Smart Payments , Smart Vending Machines , Logistics-Route Generation &
Scheduling , Fleet
Tracking,ShipmentMonitoring,RemoteVehicleDiagnostics,Agriculture-SmartIrrigation
,Green House Control ,Industry -Machine Diagnosis & Prognosis Indoor Air QualityMonitoring
,Health& Lifestyle -Health &Fitness Monitoring, Wearable Electronics IoT and M2M M2M-
Difference between IoT and M2M, SDN and NFV for IoT-Software Defined Networking,
Network Function Virtualization.
MODULE III(07hrs)
Case Study on IoT System for Weather Monitoring, What is an IoT Device-Basic
building blocks of an IoT Device, Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi, About the Board, Linux
on Raspberry Pi , Raspberry Pi Interfaces – Serial, SPI , I2C , Programming with Python,
Other IoT Devices- pcDuino, Beagle Bone Black , Cubieboard. IoT application
programming: Introduction to IoT device programming, IoT applicationdevelopment
MODULE IV(08hrs)
IoT&Beyond : Use of Big Data and Visualization in IoT, Industry 4.0 Concepts. Overview of
FOG COMPUTING
Module-1:
Fog Computing: Concepts, Principles and Related paradigms. Fog Computing in the IoT
Environment: Principles, Features and models. Dichotomy of Fog Computing in the Realm of
Cloud Computing: Exploring the Emerging Dimensions.
Module-2:
Fog Computing in a Developing world context: Jumping on the Bandwagon. Analyzing IoT,
Fog and Cloud Environments using Real Sensor Data. Performance Enhancement of Fog
Computing using SDN and NFV Technologies.
Module-3:
Mechanisms towards enhanced Quality of Experience(QoE) in Fog computing environments.
Specifying Software Services for Fog Computing Architectures using Recursive Model
Transformations. A Data Utility model for Data-Intensive Applications in Fog Computing
Environments.
Text Books:
1. ”Fog Computing-Concepts, Frameworks and Technologies” by Zaigham Mahmood,
Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-94889-8.
Reference Books:
1. “Fog and Edge Computing-Principles and Paradigms” by RajkumarBuyya, Satish Narayana
Srirama, Wiley
Module-3:
Understanding Each Other : Ontology Fundamentals , Ontology Building Blocks , An
Ontology of Ontologies , Ontology Languages , XML -- Ad Hoc Ontologies , OWL -- The
Web Ontology Language , KIF -- Ontologies in First-Order Logic , RDF, Constructing an
Ontology , Software Tools for Ontologies Multiagent Interactions : Utilities and
Preferences , Setting the Scene , Solution Concepts and Solution Properties , Dominant
Strategies , Nash Equilibria , Pareto Efficiency , Maximising Social Welfare , Competitive
and Zero-Sum Interactions , The Prisoner's Dilemma , The shadow of the future , Program
Equilibria ,Other Symmetric 2 x2 Interactions , Representing Multiagent Scenarios
,Dependence Relations in Multiagent Systems
Text Book:
An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems - Second Edition, Michael Wooldridge, John
Wiley & Sons 2009, ISBN-10: 0470519460, ISBN-13: 978-0470519462
VIRTUAL REALITY
Module-1:
Introduction : The three I’s of virtual reality, commercial VR technology and the five classic
components of a VR system. (1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 of Text Book (1)). Input Devices : (Trackers,
Navigation, and Gesture Interfaces): Three-dimensional position trackers, navigation and
manipulation, interfaces and gesture interfaces. (2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 of Text Book (1)). Output
Devices: Graphics displays, sound displays & haptic feedback. (3.1,3.2 & 3.3 of Text Book
(1))
Module-2:
Modeling : Geometric modeling, kinematics modeling, physical modeling, behaviour
modeling, model management. (5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5 of Text Book (1)). Human
Factors: Methodology and terminology, user performance studies, VR health and safety
issues. (7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 of Text Book (1)). Applications: Medical applications, military
applications, robotics applications. (8.1, 8.3 and 9.2 of Text Book (1)).
Module-3:
VR Programming-I : Introducing Java 3D, loading and manipulating external models, using a
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Virtual Reality Technology, Second Edition, Gregory C. Burdea& Philippe
Coiffet, John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,
2.Killer Game Programming in Java, Andrew Davison, Oreilly-SPD,2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Understanding Virtual Reality, interface, Application and Design, William
[Link],Alan Craig, Elsevier(MorganKaufmann).
2.3D Modeling and surfacing, Bill Fleming, Elsevier(MorganKauffman).
3.3D Game Engine Design, David [Link], Elsevier.
4.Virtual Reality Systems, John Vince, PearsonEducation.
Multi-threading can significantly improve system performance and resource management in big data processing by enabling concurrent execution of tasks. Each thread can perform operations independently, maximizing CPU usage and avoiding idle times typical in single-thread scenarios . In big data analytics, multi-threading supports parallel processing frameworks like Hadoop, where both map and reduce tasks can benefit from threading to enhance data throughput . This concurrent operation model aids in balancing loads, minimizing latency, and therefore accelerating the analysis process. However, it necessitates careful management of shared resources to prevent deadlocks and ensure synchronization, which otherwise may counteract the performance gains and lead to race conditions and bottlenecks . Proper use of synchronization tools like locks and semaphores is critical in harnessing the full benefits of multi-threading in data environments .
Virtual memory, essential in modern computing architectures, aligns with design goals of increased efficiency, performance, and multi-tasking capabilities. The concept allows larger address spaces than physical memory, facilitating complex high-memory-requiring applications to run smoothly on systems with limited RAM . Virtual memory supports protection by isolating processes' address spaces, crucial for reliability and security in contemporary systems, including servers and cloud environments. By implementing strategies like demand paging, systems efficiently manage memory allocation and reclaiming, matching modern architectures' need for scalability and resource optimization . These features reduce system overheads and enhance performance, aligning virtual memory with overarching design goals in modern architectures .
Systems design courses provide comprehensive knowledge on parallel architectures and efficient task scheduling, directly influencing the performance of multi-core processors. Understanding the intricacies of hardware/software co-design helps optimize how tasks are allocated and executed across processor cores . Instruction-level parallelism, pipelining, and workload distribution strategies, studied in these courses, enable efficient utilization of processing units, reducing idle times and enhancing throughput . Techniques such as thread granularity, synchronization, and cache coherence become more accessible, minimizing overhead and contention among cores. Moreover, familiarity with parallel programming paradigms like OpenMP and MPI facilitates developers in effectively partitioning tasks and ensuring balanced loads, which is critical for exploiting the full potential of multi-core processors . This collective knowledge allows for creating systems that proficiently handle concurrent executions without compromising operational speed or reliability .
Efficient embedded system designs, especially in real-time applications, require robust operating systems. The understanding of operating system modules aids designers to appropriately tailor system services, system calls, and process scheduling that meet the constraints of real-time requirements. For instance, process synchronization and IPC principles like semaphores and mutexes enable designers to handle critical sections effectively, ensuring data consistency and preventing race conditions . Real-time operating systems must execute tasks with minimal latency, therefore, an advanced grasp of process scheduling such as EDF and rate monotonic algorithms is crucial in achieving predictable timing outcomes . Optimizing communication through effective IPC mechanisms significantly impacts device coordination and responsiveness, which is critical in real-time systems .
Human-computer interaction (HCI) principles are foundational in enhancing usability and accessibility of software systems by focusing on user-centered design. In embedded systems, where user interfaces are often minimal, HCI principles ensure systems are intuitive and easy to navigate, improving user experience and reducing learning curves . For example, in automotive systems, the integration of HCI principles into the design of in-car entertainment and control systems enables drivers to access features effortlessly without compromising safety. Features like touchscreens with large icons and voice recognition, driven by HCI research, facilitate accessibility and interaction . Standards and guidelines developed from HCI studies support creating universally accessible interfaces, which is increasingly vital in devices targeting broad user groups, including those with disabilities .
Algorithms from big data analytics offer significant advantages in automated decision-making by enhancing accuracy, exploring vast data sets efficiently, and discovering previously unnoticed patterns that inform strategic actions . Techniques such as supervised learning and regression analysis provide predictive models that can forecast outcomes, optimize resource allocation, and drive decision-making across diverse sectors . However, potential pitfalls include data quality and bias issues that can skew results, presenting inaccurate insights if not properly managed. The complexity of algorithmic models also requires clear understanding to interpret results accurately and avoid erroneous decision-making . Additionally, heavy reliance on such automated frameworks may supplant human judgment, leading to deterministic over-adaptation where adaptability and nuance are required . Therefore, ensuring data integrity, transparency, and a balanced integration with human intuition is essential in leveraging big data analytics for effective organizational decision-making .
Implementing real-time communication systems in packet-switched networks presents challenges such as unpredictable latency, jitter, and packet loss, which can severely disrupt time-sensitive transmissions . Real-time systems theory suggests solutions like employing Quality of Service (QoS) models to prioritize real-time traffic, which assigns bandwidth and manages latency better . Techniques such as resource reservation and rate control are also effective, ensuring that network resources are allocated efficiently to maintain required real-time standards . Additionally, employing bounded access protocols can provide guarantees on transmission times, while using redundancy and error correction codes can mitigate the effects of packet loss. These combined approaches help maintain reliable and consistent communication in real-time systems within packet-switched environments .
Graph theory offers crucial insights into the structure and dynamics of networks within computer science by providing models to visualize relationships between entities. It aids in network topology design by representing devices as nodes and their connections as edges, helping to identify optimal pathways for data transmission . Algorithms derived from graph theory, such as Dijkstra's and Bellman-Ford, improve understanding of routing and data flow, essential for efficient network management and optimization . In depth studies on connectivity can enhance robustness and stability in networks, allowing for effective handling of node failures by understanding vertex and edge connectivity properties. Furthermore, graph coloring principles assist in frequency allocation and conflict resolution in wireless networks, while matching algorithms support resource assignment in distributed systems . Such applications underline the transformative potential graph theory possesses in enhancing network development in computer science .
The Laplace Transform is critical in the analysis and design of frequency-selective filters, providing a mathematical framework to handle linear time-invariant systems in the s-domain. This transform simplifies the process of modeling the frequency response of filters by allowing designers to express system dynamics in terms of poles and zeros . By analyzing these, designers can ascertain system stability and frequency characteristics, informing the design of filters that specifically target desired frequency bands. The capability of analyzing the time-domain behavior via inverse transforms helps in predicting how filters will interact with various signals and make necessary adjustments to achieve optimal performance . Additionally, using Laplace Transforms enables the transformation of differential equations governing filter behavior into algebraic equations, simplifying the design process and improving computational efficiency in practical applications .
Carl Hamacher's approach in 'Computer Organization and Architecture' focuses on a balanced examination of both hardware and software elements through an organized presentation of concepts such as pipelining, ALU design, and memory hierarchy. Hamacher provides detailed exploration into the practical aspects of CPU design, emphasizing structural and operational details . On the other hand, John P. Hayes' 'Computer Architecture and Organization' delves more into theoretical foundations with emphasis on logical design and architecture. Hayes tends to place more emphasis on systematic and architectural problem-solving techniques .