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Python Operators

The document provides an overview of Python operators, categorizing them into seven types: Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Bitwise, Assignment, Identity, and Membership Operators. Each category is explained with examples and results, detailing how they function in Python programming. The document serves as a reference for understanding the various operators and their applications.

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2 views3 pages

Python Operators

The document provides an overview of Python operators, categorizing them into seven types: Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Bitwise, Assignment, Identity, and Membership Operators. Each category is explained with examples and results, detailing how they function in Python programming. The document serves as a reference for understanding the various operators and their applications.

Uploaded by

Mastan Sharif
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Python Operators:

Python Operators Overview


Python supports several types of operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators

2. Comparison (Relational) Operators

3. Logical Operators

4. Bitwise Operators

5. Assignment Operators

6. Identity Operators

7. Membership Operators

1. Arithmetic Operators

Used for mathematical operations.

Operator Meaning Example Result


+ Addition 5 + 3 8
- Subtraction 5 - 3 2
* Multiplication 5 * 3 15
/ Division 5 / 2 2.5
// Floor Division 5 // 2 2
% Modulus 5 % 2 1
** Exponentiation 5 ** 2 25

Note: / always returns a float; // returns the integer part (floor).

2
2. Comparison (Relational) Operators

Return True or False.

Operator Meaning Example Result


== Equal to 5 == 5 True
!= Not equal to 5 != 3 True
> Greater than 5 > 3 True
< Less than 5 < 3 False
>= Greater than or equal 5 >= 5 True
<= Less than or equal 5 <= 3 False

These work with numbers, strings (lexicographically), and other comparable


types.

3. Logical Operators

Combine boolean expressions.

Operator Meaning Example Result


and AND (5 > 3) and (2 < 4) True
or OR (5 < 3) or (2 < 4) True
not NOT not (5 < 3) True

and → both must be True; or → at least one True; not flips the value.

4. Bitwise Operators

Operate on binary representations.

Operator Name Example Result


& AND 5 & 3 1
| OR 5 | 3 7
ˆ XOR 5 ^ 3 6
˜ NOT (1’s comp) ~05 -6
« Left shift 5 << 1 10
» Right shift 5 >> 1 2

Useful in low-level programming or optimization. (5 = 101, 3 = 011)

3
5. Assignment Operators

Assign values to variables (with shortcuts).

Operator Equivalent to
= —
+= x = x + 3
-= x = x - 3
*= x = x * 3
/= x = x / 3
//= x = x // 3
%= x = x % 3
**= x = x ** 3
&=, |=, ˆ=, «=, »= Similar pattern

Helps write concise code. Example: x += 3 is shorter than x = x + 3.

6. Identity Operators

Check if two variables refer to the same object (not just equal value).

Operator Example Result


is a = [1,2]; b = a; a is b True
is not a = [1,2]; b = [1,2]; a is not b True

[1,2] == [1,2] → True, but they are different objects → is returns False.

7. Membership Operators

Test if a value is in a sequence (list, string, tuple, etc.).

Operator Example Result


in ’a’ in ’apple’ True
not in 10 not in [1,2,3] True

Works with strings, lists, tuples, sets, dictionaries (checks keys).

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