THE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
SCIENCE 10 - QUARTER 3
Prepared By: Ms. Yien Philicity L. Padernos
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons , the students
should b e ab le to...
identify and explain the functions of the
male and female reproductive organs
and the phases of the menstrual cycle;
show appreciation for the importance
of the reproductive system in human
survival and health;
correctly label the menstrual cycle by
coloring the four phases on the wheel
diagram.
WHAT IS THE
WHAT IS THE
REPRODUCTIVE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM?
SYSTEM ?
WHAT IS THE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
The reproductive system incl udes the
internal and external organs i nvol ved i n
sex, menstruati on, and reproduction. It
al so produces hormones that hel p
regul ate the functioning of the
reproductive system and the
devel opment of sexual organs.
MALE AND FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
What Is the Male
Reproductive System?
The male reproductive system is a
group of organs that work
together to produce and deliver
sperm, the male reproductive cells.
It also plays an important role in
the production of hormones,
especially testosterone, which
controls the development of male
characteristics.
THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
The Penis
Sperm Delivery Organ
It is the male external genitalia. It
contains the urethra, a tube
which carries urine and semen out
of the body. The penis contains
erectile tissue and fills with blood
to become erect during arousal.
Additionally, it deposits sperms
into the vagina during mating.
The Urethra
The Sperm Highway
It is a tube that carries
urine from the bladder to
the outside of the body.
In males, it also carries
semen during ejaculation.
The Scrotum
The Temperature Keeper
It is a sac of thick skin that
protects and surrounds the
testes. It also controls the
temperature of the testes
since they have to be at a
slightly lower temperature
than the body temperature for
suitable sperm creation.
The Role of Testes
Testicles
A pair of testes are present in
humans. Testes are present
outside the body in a pouch called
the scrotum. They are oval
bodies, around 4 to 5 cm in length
and 2 to 3 cm wide. It has two
main functions: to produce male
sex hormone and sperm cells.
The Vas Deferens
The Sperm Highway
The vas deferens is a
tube that transports the
sperm out of the
testicles in order to leave
the body. It carries
sperm from testes to the
urethra.
The Seminal Vesicles
The seminal vesicles are
two glands that release a
fluid that provides sperm
cells with energy to move.
Prostrate Gland
Secretes a slighlty alkaline
milky fluid that is discharged as
part of the semen.
Bulbourethral Gland
Secretes a thick and clear
mucus that lubricates and
neutralizes the any trace of
acidic urine in the urethra.
THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
What Is the Female
Reproductive System?
The female reproductive system is a
group of organs that work together
to allow for reproduction. Its main
job is to produce egg cells (ova),
support a fertilized egg, and provide
the right environment for a
developing baby. It also plays a role
in important life stages like puberty,
the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy.
THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
The Vagina
The Birth Canal and Exit Path
The vagina is a muscular and elastic
tube that connects the cervix to the
external body. It functions as the
receptacle for the penis in sexual
intercourse and delivers sperm to the
fallopian tubes and uterus. It also
acts as a birth canal by expanding to
allow delivery of the fetus during
childbirth.
The Cervix
The Opening to the Uterus
The cervix sits between
the vagina and uterus. It
allows menstrual blood to
pass out and semen to
enter. The cervix expands
during childbirth.
The Endometrium
Thickens each month to
prepare for pregnancy;
sheds during menstruation
if no fertilization occurs.
The Uterus
A Safe Space for Growth
A uterus is also called the womb.
The uterus is a hollow, muscular
organ. During pregnancy, a fetus
develops in the uterus.
Fallopian Tubes
Where Fertilization Happens
Fallopian tubes are a pair of muscular
tubes and funnel-shaped structures,
extend from the right and left of the
superior corners of the uterus to the
edge of the ovaries. The fallopian tubes
transport eggs from the ovaries to the
uterus. Sperm travels through the
fallopian tubes in order to fertilize an egg.
The Role of Ovaries
Where Egg Cells Are Made
The ovaries hold eggs and
produce the female
reproductive hormones
estrogen and progesterone.
These hormones support the
sexual development of the body
and prepare the uterus for
pregnancy.
THE
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons, the students
shoul d be able to.. .
expl ain the four phases of the menstrual cycl e
(Menstrual , Fol li cular, Ovulati on, Luteal ) and
the hormonal changes and physi ological
processes i nvolved i n each phase;
show appreci ati on for the importance of the
menstrual cycl e in mai ntaini ng reproductive
heal th;
c orrectl y assembl e puzzl e i mages, sort words,
and l abel the menstrual cycl e by col oring the
four phases on the menstrual wheel diagram.
WHAT IS
THE
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE?
The Menstrual Cycle
Monthly Changes in the Body
The menstrual cycle is the monthly series of
changes the body goes through to prepare
for pregnancy. Each month, one of the
ovaries releases an egg. This is called
ovulation. Hormonal changes at this time get
the uterus ready for pregnancy. If the
released egg isn't fertilized during ovulation,
the lining of the uterus sheds through the
vagina. This is a menstrual period.
The Menstrual Cycle
Monthly Changes in the Body
The first menstrual period that a girl experiences is called
menarche.
The length of the menstrual cycle varies from woman to
woman but the average cycle is 28 days.
This cycle occurs every month from the first onset which
could happen when a female is between 10 to 13 years old.
The monthly cycle continues for about 40 years stopping
temporarily during pregnancy and resumes after giving birth.
THE FOUR
PHASES OF THE
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
Menstruation Follicular Phase
Luteal Phase Ovulation
Menstruation Phase
Days 1 - 5
This phase begins on the first day of your
period. It's when the lining of your uterus
sheds through your vagina if pregnancy
hasn’t occurred. Most people bleed for three
to five days, but a period lasting only three
days to as many as seven days is usually not
a cause for worry.
Menstruation Phase
While on your period, you may feel one or more
of the following symptoms:
Abdominal or pelvic cramps
Lower back pain
Bloating
Sore breasts
Food cravings
Mood swings and irritability
Headache
Fatigue
Follicular Phase
Days 1 - 14
This phase begins on the day you get your
period and ends at ovulation. During this time,
the level of the hormone estrogen rises,
which causes the lining of your uterus to
grow and thicken. In addition, another
hormone — follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
— causes follicles in your ovaries to grow.
During days 10 to 14, one of the developing
follicles will form a fully mature egg (ovum).
Follicular Phase
During this phase, women are
more:
Happy
Optimistic
Energetic
Mentally sharp and productive.
Confident and sociable.
Motivated to start new projects or
exercise routines.
Ovulation Phase
Day 14
This phase occurs roughly at about day 14
in a 28-day menstrual cycle. A sudden
increase in another hormone — luteinizing
hormone (LH) — causes your ovary to
release its egg. This event is ovulation.
Ovulation Phase
During this phase, women may
experience:
Mild pelvic pain
Breast tenderness
Increased vaginal discharge
Increased libido
Luteal Phase
Days 15 - 28
Your egg leaves your ovary and begins to travel
through your fallopian tubes to your uterus. The
level of the hormone progesterone rises to help
prepare your uterine lining for pregnancy. If the
egg becomes fertilized by sperm and attaches
itself to your uterine wall (implantation), you
become pregnant. If pregnancy doesn’t occur,
estrogen and progesterone levels drop and the
thick lining of your uterus sheds during your
period.
Luteal Phase
During this phase, women may
experience:
Breast tenderness
Bloating
Food cravings
Premenstrual Syndrome (irritability,
mood swings, or sadness.)
Lower energy